from the engine to the tires. With CVT, diameters of the areas where the two pulleys meet the belt can be infinitely varied (Figure 1). Each pulley consists of two conical plates facing each other, which by moving closer or further apart, changes the diameter of the area meeting the belt (Figure 2).
What is Ureteropelvic Junction Stenosis (UPJ Stenosis)? It is one of the most common benign diseases causing renal pelvis dilatation. It mosttly occurs in children and is mainly congenital (from birth). Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) is the point where the ureter meets the renal pelvis. Renal pelvis is like a 'sink' collecting urine produced by the kidney, while UPJ is the 'sink-trap' (siphon) through which the urine has to pass so that it will end to the bladder through the ureter.
The bladder, renal pelvicalyceal system, ureters, and the proximal urethra are lined by urothelial mucosa, formerly called transitional mucosa. Typically, the pelvicalyceal system is involved first, spreading from the medullary region to the cortex. Intravenous pyelography, performed to rule out focal pelvicalyceal dilatation, revealed a focal space-occupying lesion with a mild displacement of upper pole calyces.