world rank. 1639. Overview. Founded in 1970, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (State University of Londrina) is a non-profit public higher education institution located in the the urban setting of the small city of Londrina (population range of 250,000-499,999 inhabitants), Parana.
Scientists have hotly debated whether the bursts are cosmological -- from the edge of the universe -- or galactic, from within the Milky Way. Now we have strong evidence that most gamma ray bursts come from within our galaxy, Lamb said. The 25-year-old question about where the bursts originate may finally be answered.. Lamb said the evidence that the bursts are galactic in origin was a surprise, and certainly not something I was confident of initially..
Unlike alpha and beta particles, which have both energy and mass, gamma rays are pure energy. Gamma rays are similar to visible light, but have much higher energy. Gamma rays are often emitted along with alpha or beta particles during radioactive decay. Gamma rays are a radiation hazard for the entire body. They can easily penetrate barriers that can stop alpha and beta particles, such as skin and clothing. Gamma rays have so much penetrating power that several inches of a dense material like lead, or even a few feet of concrete may be required to stop them.