These proteins are also part of the immune system (immunoglobulins), help blood to clot (clotting factors), maintain pH balance, and are enzymes involved in chemical reactions throughout the body. Electrolytes are another large category of substances dissolved in plasma. They include:
An ideal op amp has infinite gain (), infinite input resistance ( ), and zero output resistance (). You should use these two assumptions to analyze the op amp circuits covered in the assignments below.
An X-ohm stable amplifier is an amp which is able to continuously power loads of X ohms per channel without encountering difficulties such as overheating. Almost all car amplifiers are at least four ohm stable.