The Sierra Club, with over 700,000 members nationwide, is the oldest grassroots environmental organization in the United States. It sees its purpose as preservation, protection, and enhancement of the natural environment.
Article IV, Section 4. This section is called the Guarantee Clause, because by its terms the federal government makes certain guarantees to the states. One of theseâprotection from foreign invasionâcontinued Congress's prior obligation under the Articles of Confederation.
The Conventions have been ratified by nearly every country in the worldâ194 states in totalâincluding the United States. Countries that violate the Geneva Conventions, including Common Article Three, can be held accountable for charges of war crimes. What is Common Article Three? This article of the Geneva Conventions bars torture, cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment, as well as outrages against the human dignity of prisoners of war, or POWs.