In recent years, some taxonomic controversy has occurred over the genus of North American rat snakes. Based on mitochondrial DNA, Utiger et al. (2002) showed that North American rat snakes of the genus Elaphe, along with closely related genera such as Pituophis and Lampropeltis, form a monophyletic group separate from Old World members of the genus.
A pinched nerve is a type of injury or damage to a nerve or a group of nerves. The injury can result from compression, constriction, or stretching. A pinched nerve can lead to other conditions and cause temporary or permanent damage depending on the extent of the injury. pinched nerve is a type of injury or damage to a nerve or a group of nerves. The injury can result from compression, constriction, or stretching. A pinched nerve can lead to other conditions and cause temporary or permanent damage depending on the extent of the injury.
Esophagitis (UK: Oesophagitis) is inflammation of the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube from the pharynx to the stomach through which food and drinks pass.Esophagitis damages esophagus tissue. Patients may experience problems swallowing, as well as chest pains (heartburn).It is much more common in adults than in children. Some medications-known as drug-induced esophagitis-if in contact with the esophagus lining for too long, some oral medications can cause inflammation. 2  This can happen if an oral medication is swallowed without washing it down with enough water. 3  Residue from the tablet, pill or capsule may stay in the esophagus.