People who are infected with HIV do not get sick immediately. It can take the body months to attempt to fight off the virus and for a patient to test HIV-positive. So, paradoxically, the period when an HIV-positive person is most infectious coincides with the period he or she is least likely to know their status.
The ATP synthase of mitochondria and chloroplasts is an anabolic enzyme that harnesses the energy of a transmembrane proton gradient as an energy source for adding an inorganic phosphate group to a molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
- Primary enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase: catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bonds that link the nucleotides and form the sugar-phosphate backbone of the RNA chain; hydrolysis of ribonucleotides (rNTPs) and the release and breakdown of pyrophosphate to two inorganic phosphates is the energy that drives transcription.