from the engine to the tires. With CVT, diameters of the areas where the two pulleys meet the belt can be infinitely varied (Figure 1). Each pulley consists of two conical plates facing each other, which by moving closer or further apart, changes the diameter of the area meeting the belt (Figure 2).
What is Ureteropelvic Junction Stenosis (UPJ Stenosis)? It is one of the most common benign diseases causing renal pelvis dilatation. It mosttly occurs in children and is mainly congenital (from birth). Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) is the point where the ureter meets the renal pelvis. Renal pelvis is like a 'sink' collecting urine produced by the kidney, while UPJ is the 'sink-trap' (siphon) through which the urine has to pass so that it will end to the bladder through the ureter.
This transition generally occurs at T11-12, although in elderly patients with osteopenia the transition point generally migrates caudally due to the increased degree of thoracic kyphosis in this population. In the vicinity of the thoracolumbar junction in an adult, the spinal cord terminates as the conus medullaris. Anatomically, this is a dilation of the distal portion of the spinal cord and is the site of transition from the central to peripheral nervous system (cauda equina).