In recent years, some taxonomic controversy has occurred over the genus of North American rat snakes. Based on mitochondrial DNA, Utiger et al. (2002) showed that North American rat snakes of the genus Elaphe, along with closely related genera such as Pituophis and Lampropeltis, form a monophyletic group separate from Old World members of the genus.
A pinched nerve is a type of injury or damage to a nerve or a group of nerves. The injury can result from compression, constriction, or stretching. A pinched nerve can lead to other conditions and cause temporary or permanent damage depending on the extent of the injury. pinched nerve is a type of injury or damage to a nerve or a group of nerves. The injury can result from compression, constriction, or stretching. A pinched nerve can lead to other conditions and cause temporary or permanent damage depending on the extent of the injury.
Esophagitis is irritation or inflammation of the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that carries food from your throat to your stomach.Esophagitis can be painful and can make it hard to swallow.hen you have GERD, stomach acid and juices flow backward into your esophagus. This can irritate the esophagus. Other causes include: 1  A hiatal hernia. 2  Medicines that irritate the esophagus, such as: 3  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) , such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen.