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Gluconeogenesis is a pivotal biochemical pathway in which glucose is synthesised from nonâcarbohydrate precursors, that is, lactate, alanine, glutamine and glycerol, during prolonged starvation.
The final reaction of gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose, occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, where glucose-6-phosphate is hydrolyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase to produce glucose.Glucose is shuttled into the cytosol by glucose transporters located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.While most steps in gluconeogenesis are the reverse of those found in glycolysis, three regulated and strongly exergonic reactions are replaced with more kinetically favorable reactions.his is also the rate-limiting step of gluconeogenesis. Glucose-6-phosphate is formed from fructose 6-phosphate by phosphoglucoisomerase. Glucose-6-phosphate can be used in other metabolic pathways or dephosphorylated to free glucose.