The Sierra Club, with over 700,000 members nationwide, is the oldest grassroots environmental organization in the United States. It sees its purpose as preservation, protection, and enhancement of the natural environment.
Article IV, Section 4. This section is called the Guarantee Clause, because by its terms the federal government makes certain guarantees to the states. One of theseâprotection from foreign invasionâcontinued Congress's prior obligation under the Articles of Confederation.
Hawke v. Smith, 253 U.S. 221 (1920): [Article V] makes provision for the proposal of amendments either by two-thirds of both houses of Congress or on application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the states, thus securing deliberation and consideration before any change can be proposed.