The Sierra Club, with over 700,000 members nationwide, is the oldest grassroots environmental organization in the United States. It sees its purpose as preservation, protection, and enhancement of the natural environment.
Article IV, Section 4. This section is called the Guarantee Clause, because by its terms the federal government makes certain guarantees to the states. One of theseâprotection from foreign invasionâcontinued Congress's prior obligation under the Articles of Confederation.
Passed by Congress January 31, 1865. Ratified December 6, 1865. The 13th Amendment changed a portion of Article IV, Section 2. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.