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Gluconeogenesis is a pivotal biochemical pathway in which glucose is synthesised from nonâcarbohydrate precursors, that is, lactate, alanine, glutamine and glycerol, during prolonged starvation.
For example, the pathway leading from phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose-6-phosphate requires 6 molecules of ATP. Gluconeogenesis is often associated with ketosis. Gluconeogenesis is also a target of therapy for type II diabetes, such as metformin, which inhibits glucose formation and stimulates glucose uptake by cells.