These proteins are also part of the immune system (immunoglobulins), help blood to clot (clotting factors), maintain pH balance, and are enzymes involved in chemical reactions throughout the body. Electrolytes are another large category of substances dissolved in plasma. They include:
An ideal op amp has infinite gain (), infinite input resistance ( ), and zero output resistance (). You should use these two assumptions to analyze the op amp circuits covered in the assignments below.
In the context of audio circuits, a servo is usually an active element used in feedback in order to null or reduce an amplifier's offset voltage. Consider Fig. 1. On the left is the schematic for a differential operational amplifier (op-amp). On the right is the symbol usually used to represent this type of circuit.