In most biological reactions using ATP, the terminal P of ATP is transferred to a substrate using an enzyme called a kinase. Hence, hexokinase transfers the gamma phosphate from ATP to a hexose sugar. Protein kinase is an enzyme which transfers the gamma phosphate to a protein substrate.he linkage between oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and the phosphorylation of ADP by 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate can be artificially uncoupled by adding arsenate, which has a similar structure as phosphate.
MENA is home to seven of the top 10 worldâs largest oil companies measured by reserves. Leader of the pack is Saudi Arabia with its Saudi Aramco company, followed by Iraq NOC, Kuwait Petroleum, Abu Dhabi NOC, National Iran Oil Co., Libyan NOC, and Qatar NOC.
Location: The Caspian Sea, off the coast of Kazakhstan. Estimated Reserves: 38 billion barrels. Details: Kashagan field is the largest single untapped oil field in the world and the fifth largest ever discovered. Development is underway. In fact, crude was supposed to have started flowing in 2005, but repeated delays have pushed the date to 2013.