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In this context, caffeine can increase the heart beats of many organisms. Caffeine binds to receptors on the surface of heart muscle cells which leads to an increase in the level of cAMP inside the cells which then increases the heart rate. This creates an overall effect to increase the rate of glycolysis and the amount of ATP available for muscle contraction and relaxation.
Caffeine can increase blood pressure; long term consumption at sufficiently high doses has been associated with chronic arterial stiffness. Blood pressure increases are mediated by adenosine receptor antagonism. Caffeine can cause vasoconstriction. It is unclear if caffeine causes increased heart rate as a side effect.