Bottlenecks, i.e. local reductions of capacity, are one of the most relevant scenarios of traffic systems. The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with a defect is a minimal model for such a bottleneck scenario. One crucial question is âWhat is the critical strength of the defect that is required to create global effects, i.e. traffic jams localised at the defect positionâ.
An analysis of variation in five selected states in average total maternal care costs for women with employer-provided Commercial insurance in 2010 found a large spread: In Louisiana, maternal payments were $10,318 for vaginal births and $13,943 for cesarean births.
Vaginal delivery or cesarean section-- that is the question. The answer could mean an average difference of $1,900 to $2,600 in your hospital bill. Vaginal births, on average, cost $2,600 without complications, and C-sections cost $4,500, according to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.