Alcohol is a poison (for yeast as well as for people) and so the yeast is not able to grow when the alcohol content gets too high. This is why wine is never more than about 12% alcohol.
Ideally the strong nuclear force would say how the protons and neutrons are bonded together, but there is a conceptual chasm in this area. It is unclear how the residual nuclear force (at nucleus level) emerges from the strong force (at quark level), except as a general concept that the gluons leak out.
KEY CONCEPTS. 1  Typical sizes of atom and nucleus. 2  Most of atom's mass is in the nucleus. 3  Constituents: protons, neutrons, electrons. 4  Electric force holds atom together. 5  Nuclear force holds nucleus together. 6  Atoms, ions. 7  Atomic number.