Bottlenecks, i.e. local reductions of capacity, are one of the most relevant scenarios of traffic systems. The asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with a defect is a minimal model for such a bottleneck scenario. One crucial question is âWhat is the critical strength of the defect that is required to create global effects, i.e. traffic jams localised at the defect positionâ.
An analysis of variation in five selected states in average total maternal care costs for women with employer-provided Commercial insurance in 2010 found a large spread: In Louisiana, maternal payments were $10,318 for vaginal births and $13,943 for cesarean births.
At the low end of the HCA pay scale was Las Colinas Medical Center in Texas, where the average cost of a c-section ranged from $1,692 to $2,071, and a vaginal delivery cost between $1,304 and $1,594.or vaginal deliveries, the study reports, 86% was covered, and for cesarean births, 87%. Yet in 2010 these patients were still responsible for out-of-pocket costs averaging $1,686 for vaginal deliveries and $1,948 for cesarean births. This reflects an increase in out-of-pocket costs of nearly fourfold since 2004.