Dysuria is an extremely common symptom in women, but it can occur in men and can occur at any age. Dysuria results from irritation of the bladder trigone or urethra. Inflammation or stricture of the urethra causes difficulty in starting urination and burning on urination. Irritation of the trigone causes bladder contraction, leading to frequent and painful urination. Dysuria most frequently results from an infection in the lower urinary tract, but it could also be caused by an upper UTI. Impaired renal concentrating ability is the main reason for frequent urination in upper UTIs.
En route, the Rhine lives up to its Celtic name near Schaffhausen, when it plunges 75 feet down in a spectacular torrent known as the Rheinfall. Its waters are much calmer at Basel, where the river first becomes navigable (and where many cruise ships embark).
At 1320 kilometers the Rhine is the longest river in Europe. It rises in the Swiss Alps issuing from the Rheinwaldhorn Glacier 3,353 m above sea level. It flows generally north, passing through or bordering on Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, France, and the Netherlands before emptying into the North Sea at Rotterdam. Its important tributaries are the Aare, Neckar, Main, Moselle, and Ruhr rivers. Canals link the river with the Maas, RhÃ´ne-SaÃ´ne, Marne, and Danube (via the Main) valleys. The Rhine is connected to the Mediterranean Sea by the Rhine-Rhone canal and is joined to the Black Sea by the Rhine-Danube canals.