I. Introduction. 1  The petroleum industry began with the successful drilling of the first commercial oil well in 1859, and the opening of the first refinery two years later to process the crude into kerosene.
The cause of Down syndrome is one of three types of abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21. All three abnormalities result in extra genetic material from chromosome 21, which is responsible for the characteristic features and developmental problems of Down syndrome.
Down Syndrome History. By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Down syndrome or Downâs syndrome is a congenital condition caused by the presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21 in a personâs cells. This is also referred to as trisomy 21. Humans usually have 46 chromosomes in every cell, with 23 inherited from each parent. Due to the extra copy of chromosome 21, people with Downâs syndrome have 47 chromosomes in their cells.