If you specify a negative scale, Oracle Database rounds the actual data to the specified number of places to the left of the decimal point. For example, specifying (7,-2) means Oracle Database rounds to the nearest hundredths, as shown in Table 26-1.
McCann (2000) found that households in communities with good transit use save an average of about $3,000 annually on transportation costs. Litman (2004) found annual transportation cost savings of about $1,300 per household in cities with well-established rail transit systems compared with cities that lack rail.
1 Costs for trucking goods vary depending on weight and distance traveled, but a coast-to-coast trip will cost anywhere between $2,000 and $5,000. 2  Rail: Rail shipping is the most cost effective mode of transportation for products that need to travel more than 700 miles on land.