I. Introduction. 1  The petroleum industry began with the successful drilling of the first commercial oil well in 1859, and the opening of the first refinery two years later to process the crude into kerosene.
The cause of Down syndrome is one of three types of abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21. All three abnormalities result in extra genetic material from chromosome 21, which is responsible for the characteristic features and developmental problems of Down syndrome.
Causes of Down Syndrome. From what is known about the causes of Down syndrome, environmental factors and parents' behavioral activity do not seem to play a role. Most cases (approximately 92 percent) are caused by trisomy 21, which means each cell in the body has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two copies.