Alcohol is a poison (for yeast as well as for people) and so the yeast is not able to grow when the alcohol content gets too high. This is why wine is never more than about 12% alcohol.
Ideally the strong nuclear force would say how the protons and neutrons are bonded together, but there is a conceptual chasm in this area. It is unclear how the residual nuclear force (at nucleus level) emerges from the strong force (at quark level), except as a general concept that the gluons leak out.
The two forces that hold atoms together in a molecule are the electric force and the nuclear force. These forces bind the three parts of an atom, which include electrons, neutrons and protons. Continue Reading. Electrons, which have a negative charge, orbit the nucleus in an atom. Protons, which have a positive charge, are inside the nucleus. Because electrons and protons have opposite charges, the electric force causes them to pull toward one another. An atom usually contains the same number of electrons and protons.