Probability axioms. In Kolmogorov's probability theory, the probability P of some event E, denoted P ( E ) {\displaystyle P(E)} , is usually defined such that P satisfies the Kolmogorov axioms, named after the Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov, which are described below.
Pernicious anemia due to lack of intrinsic factor is not preventable. Vitamin B12 deficiency due to other causes may be prevented with a balanced diet or with supplements. Pernicious anemia can be easily treated with either injections or pills of vitamin B12. If the symptoms are severe, injections are typically recommended initially.
It also helps iron work more efficiently. A deficiency of vitamin B-12 can cause megaloblastic anemia, which is characterized by larger-than-normal red blood cells. Pernicious anemia, a blood abnormality, can cause vitamin B-12 deficiency if not treated.