The soil pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity in soils. aq) in a solution. In water, it normally ranges from -1 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Soil pH is considered a master variable in soils as it controls many chemical processes that take place.
3. Cultural Factor : It is an established fact that there is an intimate connection between our beliefs and social institutions, our values and social relationships. Values, beliefs, ideas, institutions are the basic elements of a culture.
Sociology is empirical (unlike philosophy) Sociology deals with âsocial factsâ (unlike psychology) Social facts are external and coercive. âHere then, is a category of facts with very distinctive. characteristics: it consists of ways of acting, thinking, and. feeling, external to the individual, and endowed with a. power of coercion, by reason of which they control him.â. (p. 60)