Once released, BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptor NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity.
The GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.The GTP-C enables several procedures to be performed through the GPRS backbone network, including path management, tunnel management, location management, and mobility management.he GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is an error-reporting protocol network devices like routers use to generate error messages to the source IP address when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets. The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) summarizes the 11 ICMP error messages. 2  The ICMP is formally described in RFC 792. 3  RFC 1812, Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers, includes requirements relating to the use of ICMP messages.