The western jackdaw is found from north-west Africa through all of Europe, except for the extreme north, and eastwards through central Asia to the eastern Himalayas and Lake Baikal. To the east, it occurs throughout Turkey, the Caucasus, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and north-west India.he common name jackdaw first appeared in the 16th century, and is thought to be a compound of the forename Jack, used in animal names to signify a small form (e.g. jack snipe), and the archaic native English word daw. Formerly, western jackdaws were simply called daws.
What Causes Muscle Cramps in the Calves? Leg cramps can be caused by many conditions, ranging simply from dehydration to something much more serious such as kidney disease, said physical therapist Matthew Hyland, president of the New York Physical Therapy Association and co-owner of Rye Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation.
Leg cramps usually occur as a symptom or a complication to a range of causes. Following are the various disease conditions that leg cramps / spasms are associated with -. Hormonal causes: Leg cramps are fairly common during pregnancy and menopause, and are hugely due to the great alterations in the hormonal profile.holesterol reducing medications and diuretics which contribute to a loss of water and electrolytes and hormonal changes, result in severe leg cramps. Anti-hypertensive (drugs for high blood pressure), oral contraceptives and Hormone Replacement Therapy also cause leg cramps.