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Fugitive Slave Acts - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The Fugitive Slave Acts were statutes, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1793 and 1850, that provided for the capture and return of escaped slaves to their owners. These laws applied even if an escaped slave was captured in a free state or territory.
The U.S. Congress enacted the first Fugitive Slave Act in 1793, but because states in the North were free, the act was seldom enforced. Resentment from the South as well as other parts of the Compromise of 1850 prompted Congress to enact the new law in 1850.bolitionists in the North felt that the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 gave preferential treatment to slave owners in the South and that the North should not be required to enforce slavery. Many people in the North did not agree with the law, so some states tried to enact laws that nullified or went against it.