Founder Effect. The Founder Effect is defined as a type of bottleneck, a type of genetic drift describing the loss of the allelic variation that accompanies founding of a new population from a very small number of individuals (a small sample of a much larger source population).
For example, two well drilling companies -- one in Pennsylvania and one that covers New Hampshire, Vermont and central Massachusetts -- state the cost for drilling a well and outfitting it with pump equipment averages between $5,000 and $7,000, at the time of publication.
The average total drilling cost in 2008 was roughly $2.5 to $3 million for a 15,000-foot well, while a 20,000-foot well often cost as much as $3.5 to $4 million. In 2013, the average total drilling cost for a 21,000-foot well is approximately $3 to $3.5 million.Oil and gas operators in the Bakken have seen EURs for dual laterals increase from an average of approximately 375,000 barrels of oil in 2008 to more than 600,000 barrels of oil equivalent in 2013.n addition to drilling an extra 5,000 feet or more, the time to drill a well to TD has decreased significantly. Five years ago, 16,000-foot wells were taking an average of 32 days to drill.