Once released, BNP binds to and activates the atrial natriuretic factor receptor NPRA, and to a lesser extent NPRB, in a fashion similar to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) but with 10-fold lower affinity.
The GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.The GTP-C enables several procedures to be performed through the GPRS backbone network, including path management, tunnel management, location management, and mobility management.he GTP layer for the control plane (GTP-C) tunnels signaling messages between GSNs in the GPRS backbone network.
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network-layer Internet protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding IP packet processing back to the source.ICMP is documented in RFC 792.he Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network-layer Internet protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding IP packet processing back to the source.