Founder Effect. The Founder Effect is defined as a type of bottleneck, a type of genetic drift describing the loss of the allelic variation that accompanies founding of a new population from a very small number of individuals (a small sample of a much larger source population).
For example, two well drilling companies -- one in Pennsylvania and one that covers New Hampshire, Vermont and central Massachusetts -- state the cost for drilling a well and outfitting it with pump equipment averages between $5,000 and $7,000, at the time of publication.
The cost to drill an oil well can vary. A conventional vertical well in central Canada can cost as low as $350,000, a horizontal well with hydraulic fracturing in North Dakota can be as high as $5,000,000 and an off-shore well in the Gulf of Mexico or the North Sea can be a $20 or $30 million monster.nce a well begins producing oil there are ongoing costs that include water disposal, trucking, storage and other various operating necessities. These are calculated as a cost per barrel and can varry as low as $15 and as high as $80 depending on where the well is located and what type of oil is being produced.