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Fugitive Slave Acts - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up) The Fugitive Slave Acts were statutes, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1793 and 1850, that provided for the capture and return of escaped slaves to their owners. These laws applied even if an escaped slave was captured in a free state or territory.
To placate the South, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 (9 Stat. 462) was enacted by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850. It imposed a duty on all citizens to assist federal marshals to enforce the law or be prosecuted for their failure to do so.he refusal of northern states to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act was alleged by South Carolina as one reason for its secession from the Union prior to the onset of the Civil War. The acts of 1793 and 1850 remained legally operative until their repeal by Congress on June 28, 1864 (13 Stat. 200). 1  Facebook. 2  Twitter.