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I'm not sure what the mechanism is, but the nurse is only partially right. An increase in pCO2 causes vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vasculature and vasodilation EVERYWHERE else. CO2 causes constriction in the pulmonary vasculature because an increase in pC02 sends the message there is damage/shunting here, sending blood here will not effectively oxygenate it so blood is preferentially sent to a different part of the lung where it will receive better oxygenation.
Studies related to CO2-induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction Vasodilation and vasoconstriction in simple terms YouTube Video about CO2 - Vasodilation effect References. Vasodilation, vasoconstriction and CO2: most potent vasodilator Among arterial dilators, the natural vasodilation agent CO2 is probably the most powerful chemical. The vasodilation effect is present in healthy people due to normal arterial CO2 concentration.