Anatomy of fern fronds. The anatomy of a fern frond is relatively simple. They have a stalk which connects the base of the frond to the rest of the tree and runs along the entire length of the frond to the tip. The stalk can be separated into two parts: the stipe, which is the section of the stalk before any leafy part of the frond, and the rachis, the section with leafy tissue.
When entering a range of cell references as an argument for a function or when creating a chart, in addition to typing in the range manually, the range can also be selected using pointing. Ranges are identified by the cell references or addresses of the cells in the upper left and lower right corners of the range. These two references are separated by a colon ( : ) which tells Excel to include all the cells between these start and end points.
1 If you use only an equal sign and a single cell reference in your formula, you copy the value from the other cell into your new cell. 2  Entering the formula =A2 in Cell B3 will copy the value entered into Cell A2 into Cell B3.ou'll use comparison operators most often in formulas with the IF function. You place a cell reference, numeric constant, or function that returns a numeric value on either side of the comparison operator. The comparison operators are listed below: 1  Equals: An equal sign (=).