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A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Blood group O (or blood group zero in some countries) individuals do not have either A or B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, and their blood serum contains IgM anti-A and anti-B antibodies against the A and B blood group antigens.
Our blood is composed of blood cells and an aqueous fluid known as plasma. Human blood type is determined by the presence or absence of certain identifiers on the surface of red blood cells. These identifiers, also called antigens, help the body's immune system to recognize it's own red blood cell type.There are four main ABO blood type groupings: A, B, AB, and O. These blood groups are determined by the antigen on the blood cell surface and the antibodies present in the blood plasma.Antibodies (also called immunoglobulins) are specialized proteins that identify and defend against foreign intruders to the body. The antigens on the blood cell are B and the antibodies in the blood plasma are A. 2  Type AB: The genotype is AB. 3  The antigens on the blood cell are A and B. There are no A or B antibodies in the blood plasma. 4  Type O: The genotype is OO.