The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies.
The first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto.As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.he first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto. As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.
In the case of Warsaw, the largest of the ghettos, the fact that one-third of the inhabitants (about 150,000 people) were refugees caused a dramatic change in the sociodemographic character of the community and in its ability to withstand hardships.ome ghettos were erected as a consequence of the slave labor and productivity policies dictated by the Germans. In these, legal departure from the ghetto by various work groups became a virtual lifeline, and the ghetto gateway became the main artery for survival.