Norepinephrine performs its actions on the target cell by binding to and activating adrenergic receptors. The target cell expression of different types of receptors determines the ultimate cellular effect, and thus norepinephrine has
While specific vitamins and minerals do not cause muscle cramps, a deficiency in potassium or magnesium can lead to sports-related leg cramping, according to Everyday Health. Additionally, a deficiency in vitamins E, A, and B causes cramping due to reduced circulation, as explained WeightTraining.com. Keep Learning.
Foot Cramps and Vitamin Deficiencies. A diet lacking in vitamins B, D or E can lead to foot cramps. Photo Credit diego_cervo/iStock/Getty Images. A foot cramp is characterized by a sudden, jarring pain, usually in the arch of the foot, that can make it difficult to walk or stand. There are a number of causes--including deficiency in certain vitamins--but fortunately just as many cures, says FootCare-Central.com.