The total congestion cost, which is the value of wasted time and fuel, is estimated to have cost US urban areas $101 billion in 2010, or $713 per commuter. The largest urban areas, not surprisingly, incur the highest congestion costs (see figure 1).
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulator that can be utilized in training for CCNA TM and CCNP TM certification exam by allowing students to create networks with an almost unlimited number of devices and to experience troubleshooting without having to buy real CiscoTM routers or switches.
The FLASHWAVE 4100 ES Micro Packet Optical Networking Platform (Packet ONP) is the optimal solution for the network edge or customer premises, offering: â¢ 10G access network element using OC-192 with full band tunable optics â¢ Smooth, economical migration from legacy SONET to next-generation packet optical networking