The total congestion cost, which is the value of wasted time and fuel, is estimated to have cost US urban areas $101 billion in 2010, or $713 per commuter. The largest urban areas, not surprisingly, incur the highest congestion costs (see figure 1).
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulator that can be utilized in training for CCNA TM and CCNP TM certification exam by allowing students to create networks with an almost unlimited number of devices and to experience troubleshooting without having to buy real CiscoTM routers or switches.
Networking in plain English. Cisco IP Classless Command. When Cisco routers have to forward packets, they will check their routing table and they use longest prefix matching to find the best match. If you donât have a best match then the router will use a default route (if you have one). Otherwise, the packet will be dropped.