The total congestion cost, which is the value of wasted time and fuel, is estimated to have cost US urban areas $101 billion in 2010, or $713 per commuter. The largest urban areas, not surprisingly, incur the highest congestion costs (see figure 1).
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulator that can be utilized in training for CCNA TM and CCNP TM certification exam by allowing students to create networks with an almost unlimited number of devices and to experience troubleshooting without having to buy real CiscoTM routers or switches.
Comments. Cisco 's FabricPath data center Ethernet technology is designed to combine traditional, Spanning Tree-based Ethernet with a next-generation architecture that uses a link-state protocol to allow for multiple active paths.se of a link-state protocol. Using or replacing Spanning Tree with a link-state protocol is intended to overcome the limitations of Spanning Tree in data center and cloud environments-chiefly, the inability to use multiple active parallel paths in an Ethernet network.