The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies.
The first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto.As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.he first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto. As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.
Very often the Nazi ghettos were not located in the established Jewish quarter but somewhere else. The Jews were forced to move into these areas, and non-Jewish Poles were moved out. Then the ghetto was 'sealed' - that is, cut off by walls and barbed wire from the surrounding area and guarded.Life in these Nazi ghettos in Poland (and also Lithuania, Latvia and parts of Belarus) was grim.ery often the Nazi ghettos were not located in the established Jewish quarter but somewhere else. The Jews were forced to move into these areas, and non-Jewish Poles were moved out. Then the ghetto was 'sealed' - that is, cut off by walls and barbed wire from the surrounding area and guarded.