The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies.
The first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto.As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.he first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto. As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.
The ghettos established in Poland in the first half of 1941 were created for different reasons. In Krakow, KrakÃ³w, lublin and elsewhere they were meant to clear space For german armed forces that were gathering for the impending invasion of THE. ussrhe first Nazi order that referred to ghettos for Jews came from SS security chief Reinhard Heydrichâs Schnellbrief (express letter) to senior commanders in Poland on 21 September 1939. The earliest ghetto was established in October 1939 in Piotrkow. piotrkÃ³w