For example, I regularly plug a Micro USB cable into an iPhone charger and charge with that. Cheap, non phone chargers however, may not be regulated, and that could damage your phone. In short: Any cable or charger from an old phone is fine to use if its Micro USB (same connector).
Untreated surface water in rivers, streams, lakes, and ponds is not safe to drink unless it is treated to remove bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Water is potable when it is safe for drinking by humans and other animals. Rainwater and even seawater can be processed into potable drinking water at a water filtration plant. Minute amounts of bleach can be added to water to purify it. Campers might use purification tablets to make small amounts of potable water.