For example, it controls digestion, respiration, the contractions of the heart and of smooth muscles in blood vessels, and the release, by the endocrine system, of hormones which regulate metabolism and growth. Hormones themselves can influence behaviour by their effects on specific parts of the brain.
Hematuria is also common in older men due to the use of certain medications or prostate enlargement. Blood in urine may occur due to infection, inflammation, or injury to the urinary system. Small amounts of blood are typically associated with kidney damage, while lower urinary tract conditions lead to gross hematuria. Kidney and ureter stones commonly cause hematuria in individuals younger than 40 years of age.
No amount of blood in your urine is normal but that doesn't mean that it is caused by something dangerous. Hematuria can be microscopic (not seen except by laboratory studies) or macroscopic (can be seen by the naked eye). The most common reason for blood in the urine is a urinary tract infection or an enlarged prostate. The most worrisome reason for having blood in the urine is cancer of the bladder or kidney. Having smoked in the past, exposure to industrial chemicals, and advanced age can be risk factors for having cancer.