The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies.
The first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto.As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.he first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto. As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.
Jewish communities living in small towns and villages across Nazi-occupied Poland were to be transferred to ghettos set up within the cities. Each of these communities were governed by a Jewish council (Judenraat), who in turn took their orders from the SS. The first ghetto in Poland was set up during October 1939.Very soon ghettos had been set up all over Poland, with the largest in the capital, Warsaw. Over the next four years, the Nazis established ghettos in the major cities of many of the countries they invaded.ach of these communities were governed by a Jewish council (Judenraat), who in turn took their orders from the SS. The first ghetto in Poland was set up during October 1939. Very soon ghettos had been set up all over Poland, with the largest in the capital, Warsaw.