A tax expenditure program is government spending through the tax code. Tax expenditures alter the horizontal and vertical equity of the basic tax system by allowing exemptions, deductions, or credits to select groups or specific activities.
Aspiration may occur under several circumstances. 1  Before the swallowing reflex is triggered, when the airway has not elevated or closed. 2  During the swallowing if the laryngeal valves are not functioning adequately. 3  After the swallow when the larynx lowers and opens for inhalation.
1 It occurs when material a person is swallowing enters their airway and lungs; pneumonia may develop. 2  Normally, aspiration would cause a violent cough, but a stroke can reduce sensation. 3  After a stroke, food or liquid could enter the airway/lungs without the survivor being aware of it. 4  This is called silent aspiration.