The total congestion cost, which is the value of wasted time and fuel, is estimated to have cost US urban areas $101 billion in 2010, or $713 per commuter. The largest urban areas, not surprisingly, incur the highest congestion costs (see figure 1).
Cisco Packet Tracer is a powerful network simulator that can be utilized in training for CCNA TM and CCNP TM certification exam by allowing students to create networks with an almost unlimited number of devices and to experience troubleshooting without having to buy real CiscoTM routers or switches.
A packet is a block of data with length that can vary between successive packets, ranging from 7 to 65,542 bytes, including the packet header. 1  Packetized data is transmitted via frames, which are fixed-length data blocks. 2  The size of a frame, including frame header and control information, can range up to 2048 bytes.he routing of network packets requires two network addresses, the source address of the sending host, and the destination address of the receiving host.