The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies.
The first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto.As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.he first ghetto was established in Lodz, Poland, on February 8, 1940. Approximately 155,000 Jews, almost one-third of the cityâs total population, were forced to live in the Lodz ghetto. As Lodz was a center of textile production, this ghetto was of considerable economic importance to the German war machine.
_____ Late in 1939 the Nazis started creating ghettos in occupied Poland. These were areas where Jews had to live, whether they wanted to or not. Very often the Nazi ghettos were not located in the established Jewish quarter but somewhere else.The last ghetto to be completely dissolved was that at Lodz. The last train left Lodz for Auschwitz in August 1944. A handful of armed Jews managed to hide, and some were still alive when the Soviet Army arrived in January 1945..