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Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen that causes anthrax Originally known as an important animal pathogen, it was the first bacterium to be used for the preparation of a vaccine based on attenuated bacteria by Louis Pasteur in 1881.
Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic (oxygen-requiring) bacterium that lives in soil and has developed a survival tactic that allows it to endure for decades under the harshest conditions. As mentioned, this form is called a spore.acillus anthracis is the bacterium that causes anthrax. This organism is different from many other bacteria because it forms spores. In this form, it can lie dormant (asleep), but may come to life with the right conditions. Once the bacteria come to life, they can have deadly effects.