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Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen that causes anthrax Originally known as an important animal pathogen, it was the first bacterium to be used for the preparation of a vaccine based on attenuated bacteria by Louis Pasteur in 1881.
Revised 04/20/2005. Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus. anthracis is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacillus that can cause acute infection in both animals. and humans. It is primarily a disease of herbivores, which acquire infection after coming into. contact with soil-borne spores.