Early Indus Valley Civilization ... their Geograhpy, their customs and Indo-Aryan civilization with the earliest caste system.
Antibodies contribute to immunity in three main ways: they can prevent pathogens from entering or damaging cells by binding to them; they can stimulate removal of a pathogen by macrophages and other cells by coating the pathogen; and they can trigger direct pathogen destruction by stimulating other immune responses such as the complement pathway.
Antibodies Defined. Antibodies are proteins that are produced by the immune system to help stop harm from occurring. They are also called immunoglobulins. When an intruder, such as a virus, bacteria, or other chemical, enters the body, the immune system springs into action.These invaders, antigens, are met by the B cells (a type of white blood cell from the immune system).These B cells will begin to create Y-shaped proteins called antibodies that begin the process to destroy the antigen and to protect the body from harm and infection.hese invaders, antigens, are met by the B cells (a type of white blood cell from the immune system). These B cells will begin to create Y-shaped proteins called antibodies that begin the process to destroy the antigen and to protect the body from harm and infection.