Early Indus Valley Civilization ... their Geograhpy, their customs and Indo-Aryan civilization with the earliest caste system.
Antibodies contribute to immunity in three main ways: they can prevent pathogens from entering or damaging cells by binding to them; they can stimulate removal of a pathogen by macrophages and other cells by coating the pathogen; and they can trigger direct pathogen destruction by stimulating other immune responses such as the complement pathway.
These invaders, antigens, are met by the B cells (a type of white blood cell from the immune system). These B cells will begin to create Y-shaped proteins called antibodies that begin the process to destroy the antigen and to protect the body from harm and infection.hen an antigen enters the body or tries to enter the body, the immune system is triggered. Chemical signals are sent to alert all the different parts of the immune system into action. First, the B cell meets the antigen. The B cell will create the antibody protein and stick it to the antigen.