Of the medical specialties that perform plastic surgery, board certification by the American Board of Plastic Surgery requires the most surgical training: a minimum of five years. This Board was established in 1937.
Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athleteâs aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) and endurance.
Steroid profiling is one of the most commonly adapted methodologies in doping control laboratories for the detection of steroid abuse in sport drug testing [1] and [2]. A steroid profile is made up of concentrations and ratios of various endogenous urinary steroidal species.