HTML. First developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990, HTML is short for HyperText Markup Language. HTML is used to create electronic documents (called pages) that are displayed on the World Wide Web. Each page contains a series of connections to other pages called hyperlinks.
Formal methods. In computer science, specifically software engineering and hardware engineering, formal methods are a particular kind of mathematically based techniques for the specification, development and verification of software and hardware systems.
A formal analysis is an academic method in art history and criticism for analyzing works of art: In order to perceive style, and understand it, art historians use 'formal analysis'. This means they describe things very carefully.