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Lung cancer occurs when the cells within the lung tissue are altered at a genetic level to mutate and multiply at an aggressive rate. The results of many studies on the effects of tobacco have shown that cigarette smoke carries numerous chemicals, called âmutagensâ, that cause lung tissue cells to mutate. Substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen peroxide and benzopyrene contained in cigarette smoke affect how cells change and grow.
Cigarette smoking accounts for about one-third of all cancers, including 90 percent of lung cancer cases. Smokeless tobacco (such as chewing tobacco and snuff) also increases the risk of cancer, especially oral cancers. In addition to cancer, smoking causes lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and increases the risk of heart disease, including stroke, heart attack, vascular disease, and aneurysm.