Of the medical specialties that perform plastic surgery, board certification by the American Board of Plastic Surgery requires the most surgical training: a minimum of five years. This Board was established in 1937.
Blood doping is the practice of boosting the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream in order to enhance athletic performance. Because such blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles, a higher concentration in the blood can improve an athleteâs aerobic capacity (VO 2 max) and endurance.
What is being tested? A blood smear is a drop of blood spread thinly onto a glass slide that is then treated with a special stain and examined under a microscope by a trained laboratorian. It is a snapshot of the cells that are present in the fluid portion of the blood (plasma) at the time the sample is obtained. The blood smear allows for the evaluation of these cells: 1  White blood cells (WBCs, leukocytes) â help fight infections.  Red blood cells (RBCs, erythrocytes) â carry oxygen to tissues.