When a car is moving it has kinetic energy. When a car is sitting on top of a hill it has potential energy. By hitting the brakes, that kinetic energy is absorbed by the brake pads via friction and converted into heat energy. The friction of the tires is also what provides for turning.
Glaciers change the surface of the land in several ways. By pushing rocks and gravel along with its encroachment a glacier leaves that material behind when it retreats. Most glaciers have water melting out of them when it gets above freezing. That water erodes the landscape forming streams and rivers.
The World Glacier Monitoring Service shows a similar picture. In a 2005 survey of 442 glaciers, 398 - or 90% - were retreating, 18 were stationary and 26 were advancing. There was also, until recently, no full understanding of how glacier melt was influencing sea level rise. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) left out the effect of melting glaciers and ice sheets in its projections on sea level rise in the 2007 report.