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Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen that causes anthrax Originally known as an important animal pathogen, it was the first bacterium to be used for the preparation of a vaccine based on attenuated bacteria by Louis Pasteur in 1881.
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, 1 - 1.2Âµm in width and 3 - 5Âµm in length. It lives in soils worldwide at mesophilic temperatures (10).It can be grown in aerobic or anaerobic conditons (facultative anaerobe) in a medium with essential nutrients, including carbon and nitrogen sources (7).t is similar to Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis in cellular size, morphology, and spore formation (7). Bacillus anthracis is an important organism to study genome sequence because it's used as a biological weapon (1). Genome sequencing can also be useful for the development of vaccines.