Ophthalmologists can play a pivotal role in detection and treatment of life-threatening disorders by recognizing syndromes associated with retinal tumors. Ophthalmologists can play a pivotal role in detection and treatment of life-threatening disorders by recognizing syndromes associated with retinal tumors.
The P wave in the ECG represents atrial depolarization, which results in atrial contraction.
Often the retrograde P wave can be seen on the ECG, hiding in the ST-T wave of the PVC. The most unusual post-PVC event is when retrograde activation of the AV junction re-enters the ventricles as a ventricular echo. This is illustrated below. The ladder diagram below the ECG helps us understand the mechanism.