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A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually. Hence, a pH indicator is a chemical detector for hydronium ions (H3O+) or hydrogen ions (H+) in the Arrhenius model. Normally, the indicator causes the color of the solution to change depending on the pH. Indicators can also show change in other physical properties; for example, olfactory indicators show change in their odor. The pH value of a neutral solution is 7.0.
The pH scale. It is possible to tell if a solution is acidic or alkaline by using an indicator. An indicator is a substance which has different colours when it is in acidic or alkaline conditions. Litmus is probably the most well-known indicator. This is red in acids and blue in alkalis. Litmus can be used as a liquid, or as litmus paper. Solutions of acids and alkalis can vary widely in their acidity and alkalinity. It is useful to know not just whether a solution is an acid or an alkali, but how acidic or how alkaline it is. To measure acidity and alkalinity, we can use the pH scale. The easiest way to do this is to use Universal indicator. This is a mixture of several different indicators, and can be used as a liquid or paper. It has many different colour changes. The colour of the Universal indicator shows the pH value of the solution.