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Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen that causes anthrax Originally known as an important animal pathogen, it was the first bacterium to be used for the preparation of a vaccine based on attenuated bacteria by Louis Pasteur in 1881.
1 Bacillus anthracis spores can live in soil for many years. 2  Humans can become infected with anthrax by handling products from infected animals or by inhaling anthrax spores from contaminated animal products. 3  Anthrax can also be spread by eating undercooked meat from infected animals.nthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. It is generally acquired following contact with anthrax-infected animals or anthrax-contaminated animal products. Anthrax has received heightened attention recently because of its use as a biological warfare agent.