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Bacillus anthracis is the pathogen that causes anthrax Originally known as an important animal pathogen, it was the first bacterium to be used for the preparation of a vaccine based on attenuated bacteria by Louis Pasteur in 1881.
Spore Forming Bacilli. A spore forming species of the bacteria bacillus is B. anthracis, which causes anthrax. It can infect the skin, lungs and gastrointestinal system, with infection in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract often being fatal.