Traditionally, it has been thought that civilization in the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean began in two centers, Sumer in the east between the Tigris and Euphrates, and Egypt in the west along the Nile. The earliest cities are believed to have been built in the flood plains of southern Mesopotamia during the mid-4th millennium BC.
Product life cycle management or PLM is an all-encompassing approach for innovation, new product development and introduction (NPDI) and product information management from ideation to end of life.
HRM is a strategic and systematic approach to managing people in a way that would. maximise their motivation and contribution towards meeting the organisationâs. objectives. A HRM Plan is a departmental document which sets out what programmes. are required in the following few years to practise HRM in the department. The aim of. a HRM Plan is to help the department to achieve its mission and objectives through a. systematic design and implementation of HRM programmes.