Waardenburg syndrome. Description. Waardenburg syndrome is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in coloring (pigmentation) of the hair, skin, and eyes. Although most people with Waardenburg syndrome have normal hearing, moderate to profound hearing loss can occur in one or both ears. The hearing loss is present from birth (congenital).
While both retinol and Retin-A contain retinoids, they differ in their concentration. Retinol and other forms, such as retinal and retinyl palmitate are found in many over-the-counter anti-aging creams. While these all contain a form of vitamin A, the concentration of retinoids is weak. Retin-A is a prescription retinoid and is a brand name for tretinoin, which is the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A and was one of the early topical acne treatments. Retin-A is sold by prescription because its acid composition is much greater than in over-the-counter products.
Two forms of vitamin A are available in the human diet: preformed vitamin A (retinol and its esterified form, retinyl ester) and provitamin A carotenoids [ 1-5 ]. Preformed vitamin A is found in foods from animal sources, including dairy products, fish, and meat (especially liver). portion of the vitamin A in some supplements is in the form of beta-carotene and the remainder is preformed vitamin A; others contain only preformed vitamin A or only beta-carotene. Supplement labels usually indicate the percentage of each form of the vitamin.