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1 After you eat, carbohydrates break down into sugar and enter the bloodstream in the form of glucose, a sugar that serves as a primary source of energy. 2  Normally, the pancreas responds by producing insulin, which allows sugar to enter the tissues.
Homeostasis of Blood Glucose Levels. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the cells in our bodies, but it's too big to simply diffuse into the cells by itself. Instead, it needs to be transported into the cells. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that facilitates glucose transport into cells. By facilitating glucose transport into cells from the bloodstream, insulin lowers blood glucose levels. It also inhibits glucose production from amino acids, fatty acids and glycogen which, you may remember, is a carbohydrate composed of many glucose subunits.