To maximize benefits while minimizing complications, the use of casts and splints is generally limited to the short term. Excessive immobilization from continuous use of a cast or splint can lead to chronic pain, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, or more severe complications (e.g., complex regional pain syndrome).
Energy Department: Fracking doesnât contaminate groundwater. In this March 29, 2013 photo, technicians inside a trailer direct the pressure and mix of water and chemicals pumped into an Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. well during hydraulic fracturing, outside Rifle, in western Colorado.
Fluid recovered from the well after the fracking is completed is called flowback fluid or waste water. Only 10-40% of the frack fluid is recovered. The waste water contains materials released by the broken shale such as mineral salts, toxic heavy metals, and radioactive materials.