One of the two major political parties in the United States is the Democratic Party. The other major party is the Republican Party. The Democratic Party is known for its support of ethnic minorities, organized labor, and progressive reform.
Features were added to programming languages so that parts of a program could control the access to their data. Scope refers to the visibility of variables and methods in one part of a program to another part of that program. The importance and meaning of scope varies between languages, but there are two general scope concepts many languages have in common: local and global scope.
Function declarations are probably the most familiar and oldest way of doing things in JavaScript land. This creates a variable A which is accessible in the current scope. Scope is a separate topic, so well do everything in the global scope for all these examples (something you want to avoid usually).