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1 Common causes of heel pain include obesity, ill-fitting shoes, running and jumping on hard surfaces, abnormal walking style, injuries and certain diseases.  Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the ligament that runs the length of the foot, commonly caused by overstretching.
Stress fractures are a common cause of pain on top of the foot. Metatarsal fractures are also a common cause. Fractures can be caused by repetitive movements, weak muscles, improper alignment of the bones in the lower extremity, arthritis, reduced bone density, and injury or trauma. Diseases such as gout, diabetes, tendonitis, and arthritis also lead to top-of-foot pain. Occasionally the nerves become traumatized when pressure is applied to them. A tight pair of shoes can cause pressure. Hormonal imbalances, such as occur during pregnancy or menopause, can also cause the top of the foot to ache.