eroded volcanic lava, shattered into the sea making sand. basalt with gas creates fountains of lava, steep pile of cinders and bombs, small half mile across, stage 1 capable of 1 week long eruption, stage 2 gas runs out, lava flows out of base. [no gas]. examples mammoth & mono lake.
The most common causes of rib cage pain are a pulled muscle or bruised ribs. Other causes of rib cage pain are: 1  broken ribs. 2  injuries to the chest. 3  rib fracture. 4  diseases that affect the bones, such as osteoporosis. 5  inflamed lining of the lungs. 6  muscle spasms. 7  inflamed rib cartilage.
These include: 1  Costochondritis â The cartilages that join the ribs to the breastbone can get inflamed causing pain and discomfort in the ribs. 2  Fractured Rib â An injury leading to broken rib on the left side can cause excruciating or sharp pain under the left rib cage and needs immediate medical attention. Nerve Irritation â Sometimes a trapped or irritated nerve due to spondylitis, bulging disc or other arthritic conditions and injuries in the neck or upper back can cause pain under the rib cage, depending on the area supplied by the nerve.