One of the most significant long-term effects of cocaine use is damage to the nose. A septal perforation, or a âhole in the septumâ is a condition that is commonly caused from snorting or âsniffingâ cocaine through the nose. The nose has a fragile blood supply, which is shut off by cocaine use. This process is called vasoconstriction (closing off of blood vessels).
Scleroglucan and PSAT are two Beta-1,3/1,6-polysaccharides. Beta glucans are derived primarily from yeast cell wall, various fungi, grains, and mushrooms. Beta 1,4 glucan is derived from oats and barley while not included in this research summary of forms of Beta 1,3/1,6 glucan.
The endocrine cell subsets are: 1  Alpha cells that produce glucagon, and make up 15â20% of total islet cells. 2  Beta cells that produce insulin and amylin, and make up 65â80% of the total islet cells. 3  Delta cells that produce somatostatin, and make up 3â10% of the total islet cells.