Kidney Stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard masses that separate urine from the urinary tract. These stones can occur anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra.
This fluid is called the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When it leaks out, the pressure around the brain and spinal cord drops. Causes of leakage through the dura include: 1  Certain head, brain, or spinal surgeries.  Head injury.
Cranial CSF leaks occur in the head and are associated with CSF rhinorrhea, where the cerebrospinal fluid escapes through the nasal passages (runny nose). Spinal CSF leaks develop due to tears in the soft tissues surrounding the spinal cord.