Kidney Stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard masses that separate urine from the urinary tract. These stones can occur anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra.
This fluid is called the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When it leaks out, the pressure around the brain and spinal cord drops. Causes of leakage through the dura include: 1  Certain head, brain, or spinal surgeries.  Head injury.
Management depends on the suspected location, cause, and presenting symptoms of the CSF leak. The details of the senior authorsâ approach to the evaluation and treatment of cranial and spinal CSF leaks are reviewed. Key Words: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), CSF fistula, CSF leak. The diagnosis and management of the patient with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak depend on the location of the leak, its etiology, and the patientâs presenting symptoms.