Insider Trading. Insider trading is a poorly defined concept with roots in adverse selection theory and the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). The popular notion is that insiders have an unfair advantage because they possess materially significant and non-public information â an informational asymmetry.
In format, a letter of guarantee is normally a short document that addresses a specific transaction. The text contains data that establishes the identity of the buyer, his or her relationship with the bank, and the nature and general value of the asset that is pledged as collateral.
Protection for Payments. A letter of credit is a document from a bank that guarantees payment. While there are several types of letters of credit, they are often used when buying and selling: if a buyer fails to pay a seller, the bank that issued a letter of credit will pay the seller (assuming all requirements are met). Letters of credit can also protect buyers.