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Planets orbit the Sun while moons orbit around planets. The amount of time required for a planet or moon to complete one orbit around another body is called an orbital period. On Earth, we call this orbital period a year. Our year is 365.256 days. On Mars it takes 686.98 days (Earth days, that is) to complete one orbit about the Sun--that's a long time to wait between birthdays!
The time it takes the Earth to rotate once is called a sidereal day. The actual rotation time is about 23 hours and 56 minutes.The mean solar day is longer, exactly 24 h â¦ ours, because of the distance the Earth moves in its orbit around the Sun.This orbital motion causes the small daily apparent motion of the Sun to the East in the sky.he time it takes the Earth to rotate once is called a sidereal day. The actual rotation time is about 23 hours and 56 minutes.