A socio-ecological system consists of 'a bio-geo-physical' unit and its associated social actors and institutions.
Contribution Margin. Contribution margin is a productâs price minus all associated variable costs, resulting in the incremental profit earned for each unit sold. The total contribution margin generated by an entity represents the total earnings available to pay for fixed expenses and to generate a profit. The contribution margin concept is useful for deciding whether to allow a lower price in special pricing situations.
On a per unit basis, contribution is calculated as: Contribution Margin per unit of sales = Sales Revenue per Unit-Variable Expenses per Unit. Contribution Margin-Fixed Costs = Net Operating Profit or Loss. The break-even formula calculates the point at which a company's sales are zero-there is no profit or loss:ontribution Margin per unit of sales = Sales Revenue per Unit-Variable Expenses per Unit. Contribution Margin-Fixed Costs = Net Operating Profit or Loss. The break-even formula calculates the point at which a company's sales are zero-there is no profit or loss: