But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
If the IND is approved, the developer is cleared to start clinical trials. These trials take another five to seven years to complete (and many more millions of dollars), before the developer can ask the FDA for approval to bring a drug to market.On average, it takes a drug about 12 years to get from discovery to market, and it costs about $1.8 billion per drug that works.Only about one drug in 10,000 actually makes it. However, due to the rigorous processes of preclinical research, about one in five drugs that get an IND eventually make it through trials.f the IND is approved, the developer is cleared to start clinical trials. These trials take another five to seven years to complete (and many more millions of dollars), before the developer can ask the FDA for approval to bring a drug to market.
Every new drug approved by the FDA may take 15 years and $403 million to bring to market when capital costs are excluded. Seventy percent of that sum, or $282 million per drug, is spent on clinical trials â complex scientific experiments that digital and electronic technologies have only begun to streamline. Read More.