Kidney Stones, also known as renal calculi, are hard masses that separate urine from the urinary tract. These stones can occur anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra.
This fluid is called the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When it leaks out, the pressure around the brain and spinal cord drops. Causes of leakage through the dura include: 1  Certain head, brain, or spinal surgeries.  Head injury.
Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect (NTD) where the spinal cord is exposed at birth and is often leaking cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There are two types of Chiari malformation. Both types occur in the bottom of the brain stem where the brain and spinal cord join. The lowest portion of the brain is displaced and is lower than normal pushing down into the spinal column.