It is common to speak of an entire species of bacteria as pathogenic when it is identified as the cause of a disease (cf. Koch's postulates). However, the modern view is that pathogenicity depends on the microbial ecosystem as a whole.
If someone files a motion before the date an answer to a complaint is due, the timeline to respond to the motion is: 10 days from the date of service of the motion, OR. the date the defendantâs answer is due (20 days from the date the complaint was served), whichever is later.
There is no hard and fast rule as to what constitutes a truly new substantive argument in a reply brief. After the submission of the main motion papers to the lower court in State Farm, the plaintiff State Farm contended for the first time in reply papers that Florida law, not New York law, governed the case.