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A water molecule is held together by two single polar covalent bonds. 2. Because oxygen has a greater electronegativity than hydrogen, water molecules are polar with two partial negative charges near the oxygen atom and one partial positive charge near each hydrogen atom. 3. Atoms differ in their affinity for neutrons, a property called electronegativity.
The water molecule, as a whole, has 10 protons and 10 electrons, so it is neutral. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom and hydrogen atoms share electrons in covalent bonds, but the sharing is not equal. In the covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen, the oxygen atom attracts electrons a bit more strongly than the hydrogen atoms. The unequal sharing of electrons gives the water molecule a slight negative charge near its oxygen atom and a slight positive charge near its hydrogen atoms.