Properly wrapped, salted butter will keep in the freezer for up to one year. After this, it may begin to lose the fresh butter flavour and pick up other odours or flavours from the freezer. Unsalted butter will keep in the freezer for up to three months. Stay Connected.
Light-independent reactions take place in plant chloroplasts. In this process sugars are made from carbon dioxide. The process, known as the Calvin cycle, uses products of the light-dependent reactions (ATP and NADPH) and various enzymes.
This mechanism is generally known as the Calvin cycle after Melvin Calvin in whose laboratory this portion of photosynthesis was dissected. The Calvin cycle has sometimes been referred to as the dark reactions, but these reactions cannot occur in darkness as we shall see. The Calvin cycle has also been called carbon fixation reactions, but only one step of many involves fixing carbon.