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A ground/earth fault is a fault where part of the current returns back through a path other than the opposing hot or, more critically, neutral. A neutral/earth fault is dangerous because the circuit will continue to function normally, but the hot and neutral leg currents are imbalanced, and the chassis can become energized.
Most faults occur along plate boundaries, where the forces of plate motion push or pull the crust so much that the crust breaks. There are three main types of faults: normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults.