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The vertical line is known as the y axis. It is nothing more than a measuring stick to count how far up or down a point is from the horizontal line. The horizontal line, then, is known as the x axis and measures the distance left or right from the vertical line.
Usually, graphs have two axes, like this: The horizontal axis is labeled x-axis, a name which we often use for it. The vertical axis is labeled y-axis. We often label the variables which are plotted on the x-axis and y-axis x and y.