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A ground/earth fault is a fault where part of the current returns back through a path other than the opposing hot or, more critically, neutral. A neutral/earth fault is dangerous because the circuit will continue to function normally, but the hot and neutral leg currents are imbalanced, and the chassis can become energized.
Faults of different types are charcteristic of the stress field in which they formed. Faults are nothing more than failure of the crust in shear. The crust is generally in a triaxial state of stress with three principal stress directions, one vertical and two horizontal (like a set of cartesian axes). 1  In normal faulting, the largest (most compressive) stress is vertical.