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A ground/earth fault is a fault where part of the current returns back through a path other than the opposing hot or, more critically, neutral. A neutral/earth fault is dangerous because the circuit will continue to function normally, but the hot and neutral leg currents are imbalanced, and the chassis can become energized.
There are three different types of faults: Normal, Reverse, and Transcurrent (Strike-Slip). 1  Normal faults form when the hanging wall drops down. 2  The forces that create normal faults are pulling the sides apart, or extensional. 3  Reverse faults form when the hanging wall moves up.