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The vertical line is known as the y axis. It is nothing more than a measuring stick to count how far up or down a point is from the horizontal line. The horizontal line, then, is known as the x axis and measures the distance left or right from the vertical line.
In classical Cartesian algebra, the x axis is defined as a horizontal number line defining the distance from a zero point called the origin. The y axis is a vertical line de â¦ fining the vertical distance from the same origin. This system has been adapted to define axes on any number of graphing systems, from Microsoft Excel to modern machine tools.