How long mail takes is going to depend on many factors along the way. Many factors, indeed, though with regard to how long does priority mail take, the answer is, not long. In fact, the United States Postal Service says your package or envelope will arrive within two days.
Both the 2009 IRC and the DCA6-09 allow #2 southern pine 2x10s to span 13 feet 1 inch at 24 inches on-center at a design load of 50 psf. That means these joists can span the 12-foot depth of the deck, and the beam can be located at the perimeter. Nine joists will be needed for the 16-foot width.
A 2x8 up to 12 feet; 2x10 to 15 feet and 2x12 to 18 feet. The larger the deck, the larger the joists. In typical deck construction, with a ledger on one side of the joist and beam on the other, the size of the joists is driven by the size of the deck based on the general maximum spans mentioned above.