The International Peace Garden straddles the international Boundary between North Dakota and the Canadian province of Manitoba.
In 1891, Congress created a separate tier of appellate circuit courts which eliminated the necessity of Supreme Court justices traveling to hear cases in different circuits, which was called circuit riding. Since 1891, the structure of the federal courts has remained relatively unchanged.rticle III did not cover how the court system would be developed, so the First Congress created the Judiciary Act of 1789 to establish the federal judiciary. 1  The Judiciary Act 1789 established the federal court system separate from individual state courts.
The Ninth Circuit also had jurisdiction over certain American interests in China, in that it had jurisdiction over appeals from the United States Court for China during the existence of that court from 1906 through 1943. However, the Philippines were never under the Ninth Circuit's jurisdiction. Congress never created a federal district court in the Philippines from which the Ninth Circuit could hear appeals. Instead, appeals from the Supreme Court of the Philippines were taken directly to the Supreme Court of the United States.