Transport Across a Cell Membrane. The cell membrane is one of the great multi-taskers of biology. It provides structure for the cell, protects cytosolic contents from the environment, and allows cells to act as specialized units.
How to Amend the Constitution. Article V of the United States Constitution provides authority and instructions for amending the Constitution. Amendments can be proposed by Congress or by constitutional convention. Congress then decides how to ratify the amendment if approved by Congress or convention.
The first 10 amendments were ratified in December 1791. The most recent amendment, which prohibits Congress from giving itself a pay raise, was ratified in May 1992. So how is the Constitution amended? Article 5 of the Constitution outlines the process for amending the document. There are two steps: proposal and ratification. Step 1: Proposing An Amendment. Either Congress or the states can propose an amendment to the Constitution. Both houses of Congress must propose the amendment with a two-thirds vote. This is how all current amendments have been offered.