Reducing Proteins or Peptides with Dithiothreitol (DTT) 1. Make a 1M diothreitol DTT stock solution in water, best to make fresh. (Try not to inhale the DTT.) 2. Add DTT to the protein or peptide solution (which is in a buffer) to a final concentration of 1mM to 10 mM DTT. Incubate for 10 min. to 30 min. The reduction may work slightly better if incubating at higher temperature, such as at 37 degrees C or at 56 degrees C. However, room temperature or ice should work too.
All chocolate is made from the cacao (cocoa) bean, and cacao beans in their natural, unprocessed, unadulterated state are rich in nutrients and beneficial to health. Cacao powder is simply the cacao bean, that through a cold-pressing process, has had the fat (cacao butter) removed.
While unsweetened carob powder may be naturally sweeter than cocoa powder, carob is not as flavorful as chocolate. To substitute carob powder for cocoa powder, replace one part cocoa with 2-1/2 parts carob powder by weight.iew the following articles to learn more about carob and cocoa: A. Carob is a tropical pod that contains a sweet, edible pulp and inedible seeds. After drying, the pulp is roasted and ground into a powder that resembles cocoa powder, but does not have the same flavor and texture of chocolate.