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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
Using 3 nucleotides at a time allows there to be a code for each amino acid, there are only 4 nucleotides and at least 20 amino acids, so grouping nucleotides in triplets allows there to be 64 combinations for amino acids, providing extra codes that double up to represent the same amino acid.