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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. There are 20 different amino acids, and each one has a unique and specific chemical group, which gives it distinctive properties. The linear sequence of amino acids in a protein determines the structure and function of the protein. The sequence of amino acids in a protein, and hence protein function, are determined by the genetic code.