Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a real, working system rather than a theoretical one. In some workflow models, creating a prototype (a process sometimes called materialization) is the step between the formalization and the evaluation of an idea. A User Experience Prototype captures enough aspects of the intended design that it can support user research. 2  A Visual Prototype captures the size and appearance, but not the functionality, of the intended design.
In the mid-1930s, the last main improvement to the leather football helmet was introduced: The facemask. Vern McMillan, who owned a sporting goods store in Terre Haute, Indiana, was credited with inventing the first facemask design.
Football was a brutal sport before the introduction of helmets and other protective gear. Serious injuries and even deaths were common occurrences in the game. Harvard's All-American center, John Cranston, was the first player to wear equipment to protect his face during an American football game. In order to protect Cranston's weak nose, Harvard captain and 1889 All-American Arthur Cumnock invented a device that he called nose armor.