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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
Answers. 1  More than most people think. There are at least 22 which are genetically encoded. Theses consist of the classical 20 amino acids which have been known about since the 1960's, plus selenocysteine and pyrrolysine. These are the ones that are actually used when making the polypeptide. There is also a whole range of post-translational modifications which can take place that modify the amino acids.