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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
Proteins are formed from amino acid subunits. Each triplet nucleic acid, (called a codon) in a the D.N.A. molecule codes for a specific amino acid. There are about 23 different amino acids that humans use for protein synthesis. Some of the codons are redundant.