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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
Note that there are 3 additional codons for chain termination, i.e. there are 64 DNA (and thus 64 different mRNA) codons, but only 61 of them specify amino acids. Table 5 shows the genetic code for the translation of all 64 DNA codons, starting from DNA over mRNA and tRNA to amino acid.In the last column, the table shows the different tRNA anticodons minimally necessary to translate all DNA codons into amino acids and sums up the number in the final row.enetic Code and Amino Acid Translation. Table 1 shows the genetic code of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), i.e. it shows all 64 possible combinations of codons composed of three nucleotide bases (tri-nucleotide units) that specify amino acids during protein assembling.