Patients were stratified according to tumor PD-L1 status assessed in a central laboratory by immunohistochemical testing (positive vs. negative or indeterminate), BRAF mutation status (V600 mutation-positive vs. wild-type) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.[Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Swallowing air excessively; Gastroesophageal reflux; Hiatus hernia; Rapid eating; Intense emotions such as fear, anxiety, excitement, joy, or euphoria [citation needed] Carbonated beverages, alcohol, dry breads, and some spicy foods; Opiate drug use; Laughing; Hiccups may be triggered by a number of common human conditions.
Causes of hiccups. Hiccups occur when your diaphragm (the thin layer of muscle that separates your chest cavity from your abdomen) suddenly and involuntarily contracts (tightens).As your diaphragm contracts, it causes you to breathe air in very quickly.The incoming air is stopped when your glottis (the opening between your vocal cords) closes suddenly, producing the characteristic sound of a hiccup.s your diaphragm contracts, it causes you to breathe air in very quickly. The incoming air is stopped when your glottis (the opening between your vocal cords) closes suddenly, producing the characteristic sound of a hiccup.