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Ejection fraction (EF) is the fraction of outbound blood pumped from the heart with each heartbeat. It is commonly measured by echocardiogram and serves as a general measure of a person's cardiac function. Ejection fraction is typically low in patients with Systolic congestive heart failure. Ejection fraction is a similar but distinct mathematical model when compared to stroke volume, which (along with heart rate) determines cardiac output, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute. Mathematical models of Volume vs. Time are well documented in the encyclopedia.
Typically, the left ventricle ejects 55% or more of its blood volume with each beat, so a normal ejection fraction is 55% (0.55) or higher. 1  An ejection fraction of 40 - 50% is considered âbelow normal.â Patients with heart failure most often have ejection fractions that are less than 40%. It is important to note that when doctors say the words âejection fractionâ they are referring to the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.