For example, the negative averment âhe is not old enough to marryâ really means that âhe is too young to marry.â Although one who makes a simple denial in a pleading does not carry the burden of proof, the party who asserts negative averment has the burden to prove the avermentâs affirmative substance. 1  Link/Cite.
Cardiac output (known as âQâ) is a measure of the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart in one minute. âQâ specifically refers to the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle as this is the ventricle that supplies blood to the muscles and organs of the body. Cardiac output is made up of two components, heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV). Heart rate (HR) refers to the number of times the heart beats every minute (bpm).
Best Answer: Cardiac output (Q or or CO ) is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time interval of one minute- wiki Q = Stroke Volume Ã Heart rate As long as stroke volume is constant, heart rate should increase cardiac output. Think of running up the stairs, you need more oxygen carried to the cells of the body. You increase cardiac output by increasing the heart rate to get more oxygen to the cells. However, Tachycardia is increased heart rate over a longer period of time. While the heart rate is high, the ability for the ventricles to refill is reduced decreasing stroke volume, and then decreasing cardiac output as a result.