Patients were stratified according to tumor PD-L1 status assessed in a central laboratory by immunohistochemical testing (positive vs. negative or indeterminate), BRAF mutation status (V600 mutation-positive vs. wild-type) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.[Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Swallowing air excessively; Gastroesophageal reflux; Hiatus hernia; Rapid eating; Intense emotions such as fear, anxiety, excitement, joy, or euphoria [citation needed] Carbonated beverages, alcohol, dry breads, and some spicy foods; Opiate drug use; Laughing; Hiccups may be triggered by a number of common human conditions.
Causes. The most common triggers for hiccups that last less than 48 hours include: Drinking carbonated beverages; Drinking too much alcohol; Eating too much; Excitement or emotional stress; Sudden temperature changes; Swallowing air with chewing gum or sucking on candy Hiccups that last more than 48 hours may be caused by a variety of factors, which can be grouped into the following categories. Nerve damage or irritation A cause of long-term hiccups is damage to or irritation of the vagus nerves or phrenic nerves, which serve the diaphragm muscle.