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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
- 4 nucleotides (nitrogen bases) in DNA-therefore 4 letter alphabet. - 20 different amino acids make up all proteins-therefore 20 things to describe. If 1 nitrogen base coded for 1 amino acid â 4 possible 10.7. If 2 nitrogen bases coded for 1 amino acid â 16 possible. If 3 nitrogen bases coded for 1 amino acid â 64 possible. - 3 nucleotides in sequence code for 1 amino acid (= codon or triplet code). - 64 codons - 20 amino acids, therefore several codons code for the same amino. acid.