With the establishment of the constitutional regime, the old Militias and OrdenanÃ§as were replaced by a single national militia force, the National Guard. However, the National Guard revealed itself an ineffective and undisciplined force.
The physical effects of domestic violence on children, different than the effects of direct abuse, can start when they are fetus in their mother's womb, can result in low infant birth weights, premature birth, excessive bleeding, and fetal death, due to the mother's physical trauma and emotional stress.
As the National Center for Women and Policing noted in a heavily footnoted information sheet, Two studies have found that at least 40 percent of police officer families experience domestic violence, in contrast to 10 percent of families in the general population.