Where a stipulator had no interest in the performance for the third party (and provided the stipulatio alteri was phrased correctly), the promisor first had to confirm the promise by oath in order to render the natural obligation into a civil obligation.
How far away is Venus from Earth? The planet Venus is the second planet from the sun and Earth is the third. Venus is the closest planet to Earth. It is about 25 million miles (40 million kilometers) away from Earth.
Jupiter (the next planet out) at its closest is further away than Mercury or Venus at their furthest, so it has to be one of those three. The planet that can be closest to Earth when we're both in the same part of our orbits is Venus. The minimum distance between us and Venus is about 25.5 million miles, or about 28% of the distance from earth to the sun. ======================================. While we're on the subject, this is also a good time to mention Mars. After Venus, Mars is the next nearest planet to Earth.