Tumor markers are measurable biochemicals that are associated with a malignancy. They are either produced by tumor cells (tumor-derived) or by the body in response to tumor cells (tumor-associated). They are typically substances that are released into the circulation and thus measured in the blood.
â For example, the s subshell ( l = 0) contains only one orbital, and therefore the m l of an electron in an s subshell will always be 0. â The p subshell ( l = 1) contains three orbitals, so the m l of an electron in a p subshell will be -1, 0, or 1. â The d subshell ( l = 2) contains Â±ve orbitals, with m l values of -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2.
Electron shell - Subshells. 1  Each shell is composed of one or more subshells, which are themselves composed of atomic orbitals. 2  The first column is the subshell label, a lowercase-letter label for the type of subshell. 3  The second column is the azimuthal quantum number (â) of the subshell.