What action by president lincoln most angered the radical reoublicans in congress.
Shares also trade in a secondary market on stock exchanges. A company can increase or decrease the number of shares outstanding without an IPO through stock splits and reverse splits. In all cases, the beneficiary of reverse split activity is the management of the company performing the reverse split. Shareholders may or may not benefit depending on the specifics of the reverse split.
The initial results of the reverse split are not encouraging. Since the reverse stock split took effect, Citigroup has declined by $5.55 or 12.7%, resulting in a loss to shareholders of $16.2 billion. citigroup - courtesy yahoo finance Ironically, the U.S. Government, which bailed out Citigroup during the financial crisis has made out far better than the average long term Citi shareholder who is sitting on huge losses.