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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
While it is not possible to predict a specific DNA codon from an amino acid, DNA codons can be decoded unambiguously into amino acids. The reason is that there are 61 different DNA (and mRNA) codons specifying only 20 amino acids.