A way of expressing the first law of thermodynamics is that any change in the internal energy (âE) of a system is given by the sum of the heat (q) that flows across its boundaries and the work (w) done on the system by the surroundings:
Titles don't really mean much. Design Engineer or Associate Engineer mean something only in the confines of the company in which they are used. If you want a definition of different levels of engineers, use the definitions given by ASCE or one of the other professional societies.
Investment banks often use the term associate to describe a particular rank in the organizational hierarchy. Typically, they classify entry-level positions as analysts or junior analysts, with the next rung up on the ladder being associate. In some organizations, they may refer to associates with more experience as third-year or senior associates.