Cattle : âBeefâ cattle slaughtered at 18 months young; dairy cows slaughtered at 4 to 5 years young; Natural life span: 18 to 25+ years. Veal Calves: Slaughtered at 16 weeks young; Natural life span: 18 to 25+ years. Goats: Slaughtered at 3 to 5 months young; Natural life span: 12 to 14 years.
Definition of Ion channel. Ion channel: A protein that acts as a pore in a cell membrane and permits the selective passage of ions (such as potassium ions, sodium ions, and calcium ions), by means of which electrical current passes in and out of the cell.
Voltage-gated ion channels propagate action potentials along the nerve axon. The functions of these channels are influenced by noxious stimuli, including cold and chemical inflammatory mediators. Generation of a receptor potential is down to ion channels in the receptor membrane; however, propagation of that signal in the form of spreading action potentials along the axon requires a different group of channels.