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Blood Type Genetic Basis: In genetics, blood type gene has two alleles, each allele has genotype A, B or O. The A and B are dominant, and O is recessive.So allele A combined with allele O is type A. Similarly, BO is type B, AA is type A, BB is type B, OO is type O, and AB is type AB.f both parents have type A blood, then the alleles could be AA or AO, thus the allele A frequency is 75%, allele O frequency is 25% for both parents. So the chance of alleles OO is 25% Ã 25% = 6.25%, alleles AA is 75% Ã 75% = 56.25%, alleles AO is 75% Ã 25% = 18.75%, alleles OA is 25% Ã 75% = 18.75%.
Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three types of alleles inferred from classical genetics: i, IA, and IB. The gene encodes a glycosyltransferase âthat is, an enzyme that modifies the carbohydrate content of the red blood cell antigens.he ABO blood group system is widely credited to have been discovered by the Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner, who identified the O, A, and B blood types in 1900. Landsteiner originally described the O blood type as type C, and in parts of Europe it is rendered as 0 (zero), signifying the lack of A or B antigen.