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Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. Saturated means that the hydrocarbon has only single bonds and that the hydrocarbon contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain multiple bonding and contain less than the maximum number of hydrogens per carbon.
Alkanes, Alkenes & Alkynes. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are simple hydrocarbon chains with no functional groups. Alkanes are identified because the carbon chain has only single bonds. Common alkanes include methane (natural gas), propane (heating and cooking fuel), butane (lighter fluid) and octane (automobile fuel). Alkenes have at least one double bond and alkynes have at least one triple bond. The most common alkyne is ethyne, better known as acetylene. The generic formula for alkanes is C n H 2n+2, where n is the number identified by the prefix. Alkenes have the formula C n H 2n and alkynes use the formula C n H 2n-2.