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Sensory neurons (afferent neurons) are unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar shaped cells that conduct action potentials toward or into the central nervous system. They carry somatic nervous system signals from the skin, joints, skeletal muscles, sensory organs (eyes, ears, mouth, and nose). They also carry autonomic nerous system signals from the visceral organs (heart, lungs, vessels, etc).
Sensory neurons are somewhat unique, having an axon that extends to the periphery and another axon that extends into the central nervous system via the dorsal root (figure 3). The cell body of this neuron is located in the dorsal root ganglion or one of the sensory ganglia of sensory cranial nerves. Both the peripheral and the central axon attach to the neuron at the same point, and these sensory neurons are called pseudounipolar neurons.