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Martensite is formed in carbon steels by the rapid cooling (quenching) of the austenite form of iron at such a high rate that carbon atoms do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure in large enough quantities to form cementite (Fe3C). Austenite is Î³-Fe, (gamma-phase iron), a solid solution of iron and alloying elements. As a result of the quenching, the face-centered cubic austenite transforms to a highly strained body-centered tetragonal form called martensite that is supersaturated with carbon.
The results of experiments on the interaction between the sulfide melt of pentlandite composition and graphite are summarized in Table 3. At 6.3 GPa and 1450 Â°C the reaction was slow. In the run MS-1 with duration of 12 h only tiny (5â7 Î¼m) metastable graphite crystals were found on the capsule walls.