In the English law of tort, professional negligence is a subset of the general rules on negligence to cover the situation in which the defendant has represented him or herself as having more than average skills and abilities.
For decades, anesthesiologists advised patients not to eat or drink after midnight the night before surgeryâa guideline referred to as âNPO after midnight.â But many doctors now believe that some food and drinks, like tea or coffee without milk or cream, may be acceptable prior to a procedure.
A 2003 review of many such studies found that âdrinking clear fluids up to a few hours before surgery did not increase the risk of regurgitation during or after surgeryâ and that drinking water actually reduced gastric volume. C. CLAIBORNE RAY.