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Most calcium carbonate deposits are made up of the skeletal remains of marine plants and animals that have fallen to sediment on the bottom of shallow seas after their death. If the conditions are right, these sediments can build up over geological time to form extremely thick layers.
This dissolved limestone is carried away by the water in solution. Limestone is made of calcium carbonate so this is what is dissolved and carried in the solution. Water will drip from the roofs of caverns very slowly and will therefore evaporate. As it does so solid calcium carbonate is deposited on the cavern roof.uring periods of glaciation, glacial abrasion has scraped away the topsoil to expose the bare rock underneath. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is made up of horizontal cracks called bedding planes and vertical cracks called joints.