The pen may be mightier than the sword, but a magic wand is more powerful than either, or at least according to this year's Forbes' list of the world's richest celebrities. Harry Potter author JK Rowling earned more than any other celebrity, according to the annual Celebrity 100 list, taking home $300m (Â£150m) last year. There were other strong British performances from Keira Knightley, announced as the world's second best paid female actor, Potter actor Daniel Radcliffe and David Beckham.
A facultative anaerobe is, simply speaking, an organism which possesses the ability to survive in an environment containing oxygen while growing even more efficiently in an environment without oxygen. Facultative anaerobes can optionally function without oxygen by two main mechanisms; fermentation and alternate terminal electron acceptors. In fermentation, glycolysis is performed and pyruvate is converted to a fermentation product, reducing NAD+ back to NADH. (Note that there are likely many variations on this).
In yeast, the waste products are ethanol and carbon dioxide. This type of fermentation is known as alcoholic or ethanol fermentation. The ATP generated in this process is made by substrate-level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen. Fermentation is less efficient at using the energy from glucose: only 2 ATP are produced per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose nominally produced by aerobic respiration. This is because the waste products of fermentation still contain chemical potential energy that can be released by oxidation.