Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles are diagnosed with a herniated disc. When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushed outside its normal position.
Agnew, R. (2001). Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 319â361.CrossRef. Agnew, R. (2002).
Strain = A change in shape or volume in response to a stress. Stress is the cause, strain is the effect! There are three types of stress: 1) Compressive stress  Forces that squeeze or push toward one another from opposite directions (cause shortening or flattening). 2) Tensional stress  Forces that pull away from one another in opposite directions (cause stretching or extension). 3) Shear stress  Forces that are offset from one another and operate in opposite directions (cause a shear strain). The behavior of rock during stress depends on: 1) The type of rock. 2) The type and amount of stress.