A doffer is someone who removes bobbins, pirns or spindles holding spun fiber such as cotton or wool from a spinning frame and replaces them with empty ones. Historically, spinners, doffers, and sweepers each had separate tasks that were required in the manufacture of spun textiles. From the early days of the industrial revolution, this work, which requires speed and dexterity rather than strength, was often done by children. After World War I, the practice of employing children declined, ending
For a plant organ to bend in response to a stimulus, differential growth of cells on either side of the organ is required. For example, for the stem of a plant to bend toward a light source, cells on the shaded side of the stem near the shoot tip must elongate faster than cells on the lighted side.
Repellant plants emit odors or chemicals that kill or repel pests, or attract beneficial insects that prey on garden predators. Some of these plants can be made into teas or foliar sprays that are effective as insect repellents or fungicides. Planting flowers that repel garden pests offers an extra bonus of brightening up the garden with beautifully colored blooms and foliages.