Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles are diagnosed with a herniated disc. When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushed outside its normal position.
Agnew, R. (2001). Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38, 319â361.CrossRef. Agnew, R. (2002).
Stress = Force/Area. Strain = A change in shape or volume in response to a stress. Stress is the cause, strain is the effect! There are three types of stress : 1) Compressive stress Forces that squeeze or push toward one another from opposite directions (cause shortening or flattening).