You can tell the type of dark eye circle that you have by the tone: bluish, violet-red, brownish black and shadowy. Bluish discoloration under the eyes is usually caused by lack of sleep, violet-reddish circles are caused by thinning skin around the eyes, usually caused by skin aging.
Medication often has immediate results, but the relapse rate is extremely high â about 80 percent. After a 12 week course of medication, most children resume wetting. The most frequently prescribed medication for enuresis is called desmopressin (DDAVP). This is a synthetic form of the natural hormone vasopressin, and one dose of it can decrease the quantity of urine produced for up to 12 hours.
Vancomycin is recommended in hospitalized children. If the child is stable without ongoing bacteremia or intravascular infection, empiric therapy with clindamycin (10 to 13 mg per kg intravenously every six to eight hours for a total of 40 mg per kg per day) is an option if the resistance rate is less than 10 percent.