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Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms when rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air react with one another. When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone or calcium carbonate, it can cause it to dissolve over a long period of time. In nature, this reaction leads to the formation of caves.
The electron rich oxygen of water donates an electron pair to the carbon. After proton transfer from water to an oxygen of the CO 2 unit, carbonic acid is formed.The reaction between water and dissolved carbon dioxide is reversible and rapid.Carbonic acid is in equilibrium with the bicarbonate anion.