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Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms when rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air react with one another. When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone or calcium carbonate, it can cause it to dissolve over a long period of time. In nature, this reaction leads to the formation of caves.
Some types of rock, especially limestone, can be dissolved by weakly acidic water. Carbon dioxide in the air and soil reacts with water to form a weak carbonic acid. Slightly acidic water can slowly dissolve limestone, especially along fractures or other. weak areas. As fractures enlarge, they can become caves.