10 demographic trends that are shaping the U.S. and the world. By DâVera Cohn and Andrea Caumont25 comments. At its core, demography is the act of counting people. But itâs also important to study the forces that are driving population change, and measure how these changes have an impact on peopleâs lives. For example, how does immigration affect U.S. population growth?
Type of Incisions. TYPE OF INCISIONS Upper Midline The upper midline incision provides access to the esophagus, hiatus, stomach and. duodenum, pancreas, and hepatobiliary system. If extended, it allows major hepatic resection, adrenalectomy, and splenectomy.
Historically, large kidney and ureteral stones were removed through open surgery, requiring a large flank incision. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is performed through a 1-cm skin incision and thus minimizes incision size, pain, blood loss, blood transfusions and shortens hospitalization. This technique also has a higher success rate for clearing all stones in one setting than other techniques such as ESWL, which often require several procedures.