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In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain.
1 Oxidation of the beta carbon to a carbonyl group. 2  Cleavage of two-carbon segments resulting in acetyl-CoA. 3  Oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle.4  Electron transfer from electron carriers to the electron transfer chain in oxidative phosphorylation.ree fatty acids must cross the cell membrane through specific transport proteins, such as the SLC27 family fatty acid transport protein. Once in the cytosol, the following processes bring fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix so that beta-oxidation can take place.