10 demographic trends that are shaping the U.S. and the world. By DâVera Cohn and Andrea Caumont25 comments. At its core, demography is the act of counting people. But itâs also important to study the forces that are driving population change, and measure how these changes have an impact on peopleâs lives. For example, how does immigration affect U.S. population growth?
Type of Incisions. TYPE OF INCISIONS Upper Midline The upper midline incision provides access to the esophagus, hiatus, stomach and. duodenum, pancreas, and hepatobiliary system. If extended, it allows major hepatic resection, adrenalectomy, and splenectomy.
Vertical abdominal incisions may be made at the midline, through the linea alba, as well as within about 2.5 cm on either side of the midline (paramedian). If a paramedian incision is chosen, the rectus abdominis muscle can be retracted laterally after incision of the anterior rectus sheath.