In older adults, mild thickening, calcification, or both of a trileaflet aortic valve without restricted leaflet motion (i.e., aortic sclerosis) affects about 25% of the population older than 65 years. Calcific aortic stenosis (Fig. 1) , however, affects approximately 2% to 3% of those older than 75 years.alcific aortic stenosis, formerly referred to as degenerative, affects trileaflet aortic valves, often in patients with other risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. The aortic valve leaflets undergo an active disease process, with lipid deposition, inflammation, and osteo-calcific changes.
The three most common toxic weeds to horses that may be contained in hay are: Hoary alyssum, wild parsnip and poison hemlock. 1  Hoary alyssum - Hoary alyssum is a perennial weed. 2  Wild parsnip - Wild parsnip is mainly found in ditches and fields and is a biennial and is poisonous to horses. 3  Poison hemlock - Poison hemlock is poisonous to horses.
Elephants in the wild may succumb to more naturally occurring diseases. For example, anthrax, which is transmitted by rats, can lead to paralysis of the trunk. Heart disease, twisted gut, and parasite infections are other major illnesses contracted by wild elephants.Interestingly, elephants in the wild have been known to seek out their own remedies to deal with illness.For example, digestive dilemmas can be treated by fasting or consuming bitter herbs or bark.lephant herpes virus affects both wild and captive elephants. Interestingly, it greatly affects young Asian elephants, whereas African elephants generally experience benign versions of the virus. It causes fatal hemorrhagic disease and is believed to be transmitted between elephants through trunk secretions.