How the Measure Developed in Music Notation. Music bars and barlines didn't always exist in music notation. Some of the earliest uses of barlines, which create measures, were in keyboard music in the 15th and 16th centuries. Although barlines create metered measures today, that wasn't the case back then.
The Emancipation Proclamation 1863. On Jan. 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared free all slaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federal government. This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few people. It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the Union side; nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under Union control. Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act on Lincoln's order.
Emancipation After the War. So Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation didn't technically free anybody. Lincoln knew this, and he worked toward getting constitutional amendments passed to abolish slavery and guarantee citizenship for blacks. The amendments he pushed for were passed after his death, but were mostly hollow attempts at black citizenship.