In older adults, mild thickening, calcification, or both of a trileaflet aortic valve without restricted leaflet motion (i.e., aortic sclerosis) affects about 25% of the population older than 65 years. Calcific aortic stenosis (Fig. 1) , however, affects approximately 2% to 3% of those older than 75 years.alcific aortic stenosis, formerly referred to as degenerative, affects trileaflet aortic valves, often in patients with other risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. The aortic valve leaflets undergo an active disease process, with lipid deposition, inflammation, and osteo-calcific changes.
The three most common toxic weeds to horses that may be contained in hay are: Hoary alyssum, wild parsnip and poison hemlock. 1  Hoary alyssum - Hoary alyssum is a perennial weed. 2  Wild parsnip - Wild parsnip is mainly found in ditches and fields and is a biennial and is poisonous to horses. 3  Poison hemlock - Poison hemlock is poisonous to horses.
Blisters appear a day or two after sun exposure. Soon after blisters rupture and the skin begins to heal. One of wild parsnip's signature effects is a dark red or brownish discoloration of the skin in the area where the burn occurred. This hyper-pigmentation can persist in the skin for as long as two years. Unlike poison ivy, you don't need to be sensitized by a prior exposure. 2  Wild parsnip causes a non-allergic dermatitis that can occur with the right combination of plant juice and sunlight. 3  You can touch and brush against the plant â carefully â without harm.