In older adults, mild thickening, calcification, or both of a trileaflet aortic valve without restricted leaflet motion (i.e., aortic sclerosis) affects about 25% of the population older than 65 years. Calcific aortic stenosis (Fig. 1) , however, affects approximately 2% to 3% of those older than 75 years.alcific aortic stenosis, formerly referred to as degenerative, affects trileaflet aortic valves, often in patients with other risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. The aortic valve leaflets undergo an active disease process, with lipid deposition, inflammation, and osteo-calcific changes.
The three most common toxic weeds to horses that may be contained in hay are: Hoary alyssum, wild parsnip and poison hemlock. 1  Hoary alyssum - Hoary alyssum is a perennial weed. 2  Wild parsnip - Wild parsnip is mainly found in ditches and fields and is a biennial and is poisonous to horses. 3  Poison hemlock - Poison hemlock is poisonous to horses.
Yes. The most common carriers and transmitters of rabies are the carnivorous animals, however, horses like people, can be bitten by a dog, raccoon, fox or other animal with rabies and develop this viral disease. A preventive vaccine for horses is available, one initial vaccination must be followed by yearly boosts.orses generally require vaccines of some type at least yearly.   Horse owners should consult their veterinarian and discuss the specifics of their horse's care and use to determine what vaccinations are appropriate and how often they should be given.