Sine wave inverters with more than three steps in the wave output are more complex and have significantly higher cost than a modified sine wave, with only three steps, or square wave (one step) types of the same power handling.
A healthy cell has a pH of 7.35 while a cancer cell is more acidic. Cesium when taken orally will raise the pH of cancer cells, but not that of normal cells. When the pH of a cancer cell goes above 7.5 it dies and if it goes above 8.0 it will die in a matter of hours.
For the cell study, the tumour cells were cultured in the tocotrienols, and they found that the delta-version inhibited cell growth more than the gamma-type. This was related to an induction of apoptosis (programmed cell death). For the animal studies, the researchers used C3H/HeN mice and implanted the tumour cells.