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In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain.
Reaction 5 is an oxidation where NAD + removes 2 hydrogens and 2 electrons to produce NADH and H + . Since this reaction occurs twice, 2 NAD + coenzymes are used. If the cell is operating under aerobic conditions (presence of oxygen), then NADH must be reoxidized to NAD + by the electron transport chain. This presents a problem since glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm while the respiratory chain is in the mitochondria which has membrane that is not permeable to NADH.