Even carbon dioxide can dissolve in the groundwater, causing the water to be naturally carbonated. This water is sometimes sold as mineral water. Groundwater can be heated by magma below the Earth's surface. The heated water can create hot springs, springs with water that is naturally hot (Figure 13.23). Some hot springs are used as natural hot tubs and are considered therapeutic and spiritual by some people. However, hot springs can be dangerous, too.
We used a level tablespoon of salt in a cup of water. The batteries we have shown here are more correctly called cells. An actual battery is made up of two or more cells. The zinc-air cell produces about three quarters of a volt.
Batteries are typically made of six galvanic cells in a series circuit. Each cell provides 2.1 volts for a total of 12.6 volts at full charge. Each cell of a lead storage battery consists of alternate plates of lead (cathode) and lead coated with lead dioxide (anode) immersed in an electrolyte of sulfuric acid solution.