1 Examples are lateral flexion of the head at the neck and trunk. 2  Abduction and Adduction â frontal plane movements around a sagittal axis occur at multiaxial joints like the bal and socket joint of the shoulder or ellipsoid joints.3  Abduction is movement away from the midline of the trunk of the body. Abduction and Adduction â frontal plane movements around a sagittal axis occur at multiaxial joints like the bal and socket joint of the shoulder or ellipsoid joints. 2  Abduction is movement away from the midline of the trunk of the body. 3  Adduction is movement medically toward the midline of the body.
Load and Torque Cells. Small, low profile sensors to measure force, load or weight in compression in many instances not much larger than a button. Load is introduced on small center bump. A diaphragm between the center bump and sensor outer wall is used to seal the strain gage cavity. Miniature In Line Tension/Compression Load Cells. Small sensor to measure force, load or weight in both directions (i.e. tension and compression) sometimes referred to as universal.
Preload is the tension created in a fastener when it is tightened. This tensile force in the bolt creates a compressive force in the bolted joint known as clamp force. For practical purposes, the clamp force in an unloaded bolted joint is assumed to be equal and opposite of the preload.ither is acceptable, however a torque value defined for tightening the head does not necessarily apply to tightening the nut. Tightening the head vs. the nut can result in different nut factors and therefore change the torque required to achieve proper preload.