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Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms when rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air react with one another. When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone or calcium carbonate, it can cause it to dissolve over a long period of time. In nature, this reaction leads to the formation of caves.
Water that is slightly acid will chemically dissolve limestone. Over millions of years, the water carved tunnels, passages, and caverns the size of ballrooms out of the limestone. Hence Mammoth Cave was formedâan immense labyrinth in a sea of limestone.