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Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms when rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air react with one another. When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone or calcium carbonate, it can cause it to dissolve over a long period of time. In nature, this reaction leads to the formation of caves.
Then as it enters through the soil, the rainwater will absorb more carbon dioxide that is produced by the decomposers. The carbon dioxide with water reacts to form carbonic acid. The carbonic acid will react to limestone and dissolves it slowly. As the space become larger, water can enter into it.