Notes.  1 Fort Laramie Treaty, 1868.. 2  Suzan Shown Harjo (2014). 3  448 U.S. 371 (1980) 4  Jim Underwood ; producers, Mike Feduk, Darrell Wheaton (Director) (1986).
Prevalence of Kidney Stones The lifetime incidence of kidney stones is nearly 13 percent in men and 7 percent in women. Once an individual has formed a stone, the likelihood of recurrence is 50 percent or greater at five years and up to 80 percent at 10 years.
each year more than half a million people go to emergency rooms for kidney stone problems it is estimated that one in ten people will have a kidney stone at some time in their lives the prevalence of kidney stones in the united states increased from 3 8 % in the late 1970s to 8 8 % in the late 2000s this increase was seen in both men and women and both whites and blacks the lifetime risk of kidney stones is about 19 % in men and 9 % in women