The cytoplasm of a bacterial cell contains the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules that make up the bacterial genome (or nucleoid), the transcriptional machinery that copies DNA into ribonucleic acid (RNA), and the ribosomes that translate the messenger RNA information into protein sequence.
Influenza vaccine is recommended for all people over 6 months of age, it is an inexpensive way of protecting yourself, your family and your community from the spread of influenza. How long does protection from the vaccine last? The vaccine takes about 2 weeks to work and will last for about 12 months.
1 Understand that hepatitis B vaccination-induced protective antibodies can last for up to 15 years, but appear to fall off over time.2  Patients who were vaccinated 10 to 15 years ago, especially those who were vaccinated as children, may not be adequately protected.he authors concluded that hepatitis B vaccination protects strongly against infection for at least 15 years. One limitation of the study was that only slightly more than half of the original cohort had the 15-year follow-up testing.