Melasma Causes. Melasma is usually caused by the sun, hormones in birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, medications and pregnancy. When Melasma is caused by pregnancy it is called chloasma. In some women, when the skin is exposed to sunlight, brown blotches of excess pigment form due to the interaction with hormones or chemicals. Melasma is believed to be hereditary and woman with darker skin tones tend to be more at risk for this disorder.
Some research suggests that the hippocampus may participate only in consolidation processes lasting a few years. The entorhinal cortex, on the other hand, gives evidence of temporally graded changes extending up to 20 years, suggesting that it is this region that participates in memory consolidation over decades. The entorhinal cortex is damaged in the early stages of Alzheimerâs disease.
Prefrontal Cortex. The prefrontal cortex, which is part of the brain's frontal lobe, is the region responsible for short-term memory. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research states that the human prefrontal cortex is highly developed, resulting in the complex functions and manipulation of memory.arts of the Brain Involved in Memory. Parts of the Brain Involved in Memory Photo Credit Michael Blann/Digital Vision/Getty Images. Memory is a complex function that involves multiple steps, starting with the input of the stimulus to the brain and ending with independent memory retrieval.