Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disease. GERD occurs when stomach acid or, occasionally, stomach content, flows back into your food pipe (esophagus). The backwash (reflux) irritates the lining of your esophagus and causes GERD. Both acid reflux and heartburn are common digestive conditions that many people experience from time to time. When these signs and symptoms occur at least twice each week or interfere with your daily life, or when your doctor can see damage to your esophagus, you may be diagnosed with GERD.
In Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia Center for Transgender Surgery posts cost estimates for different procedures. Its price list mentions estimates of $140,450 to transition from male to female, and $124,400 to transition from female to male.
Total per person per year outpatient expenditures in the prevalent dialysis population do not vary widely by race. In 2010, for example, costs were $30,106 for white patients, $31,651 for blacks/African Americans, and $29,834 for patients of other races.igure 11.2 Costs of the Medicare &ESRD programs. Total Medicare costs rose 6.5 percent in 2010, to $523 billion; costs for ESRD increased 8.0 percent, to $33 billion, accounting for 6.3 percent of the Medicare budget.