By Dr Ananya Mandal, MD. Elephantiasis is a syndrome caused by infection with a nematode parasite called the filarial worm.The parasite is transmitted form human to human via the female mosquito and grows into an adult worm that lives in the lymphatic system of a human. Lymphatic filariasis is caused by the parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori, which live in the lymphatic system. 2  Another group of filarial worms including Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans occupy the serous cavity of the abdomen (serous cavity filariasis).
Most people with bipolar I or bipolar II will need mood stabilizers to control their manic or hypomanic episodes. If you have one of these forms of the condition, your doctor may prescribe one of the following mood stabilizers: 1  Tegretol (carbamazepine)  Depakote (divalproex sodium)
Mood stabilizers are the first-line treatment of choice for bipolar affective disorder. Currently, the approved mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder are lithium, divalproex, and lamotrigine. They are commonly used either as monotherapy or in combination with an atypical antipsychotic.Lithium was the first mood stabilizer utilized for bipolar disorder, and side effects of this medication are well known.Lithium has a very narrow therapeutic window and must be dosed and followed carefully in order to maintain patients in the effective, nontoxic range.ood stabilizers are the first-line treatment of choice for bipolar affective disorder. Currently, the approved mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder are lithium, divalproex, and lamotrigine. They are commonly used either as monotherapy or in combination with an atypical antipsychotic.