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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
Cell Body. Neurons contain the same cellular components as other body cells. The central cell body is the largest part of a neuron and contains the neuron's nucleus, associated cytoplasm, and other cell structures. The cell body produces proteins needed for the construction of other parts of the neuron.