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This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the eastern Mediterranean empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided.
Answer Wiki. It is interesting the the Byzantine Empire was never called that while it existed. The name was given by historians only in 16th century. It was known as Roman Empire or simply Romania to its inhabitants. The major contribution of the Byzantine empire is the preservation of the Greek language and culture. Greek philosophy, ethics and science became a foundation of the Western civilization.