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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
These are the basic parts of the neuron 1. the Dendrites (the nerve endings) 2. the axon (the body) 3. the Soma (the cell body) the axon is covered by the myelin sheath and li â¦ ke any other cell it has the nucleus. 2 people found this useful.nswer by Egalluc2. Confidence votes 103. The three main parts of a neuron are the axon, the dendrites, and the soma (cell body). The axon carries information away from the soma and transmits it to other neurons.