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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
the basic cell that makes up the nervous system and which receives and sends messages within that system. Dendrites Part of a neuron: branch-like structures that receive messages from other neurons. Soma Part of a neuron: the cell body of the neuron, responsible for maintaining the life of the cell. Axon Part of a neuron: long tube-like structure that carries the neural message to other cells.