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ï§Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds. ï§â¯By sharing electrons, carbon can ââ¯bond to four other atoms and ââ¯branch in up to four directions. ï§â¯compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. ï§â¯A carbon skeleton is a chain of carbon atoms that can be ââ¯branched or ââ¯unbranched.
The IUPAC system considers molecules in terms of a parent hydrocarbon chain with substituents attached to it. The parent is the longest continuous carbon chain in the compound, and the base name of the compound is the alkane that corresponds to the parent chain. Then, consecutively number the carbons of the parent chain in such a way that the substituents are attached to carbons with lower numbers.