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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
1 The axon passes information to the next neuron or other cell in the body. 2  A myelin sheath. 3  The axons have a protective covering called myelin. 4  Without myelin, the brain and spinal cord can't communicate with each other or with the nerves in the rest of the body. neuron is a nerve cell. Neurons send information to and from your brain to the rest of your body. A neuron is made up of: 1  A cell body. 2  This is where the nucleus is. 3  Dendrites. 4  The dendrites receive signals from other neurons. 5  A long, thin axon. 6  The axon is covered by a myelin sheath.