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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
Neuron is the main cell of the Nervous System. It is an electrical excitable cell that is responsible for the transmision of the nerve impulse. With it, they process (in the brain, ganglia and spinal cord) and transmit information. A human brain has 100.000 millions of neurons.The other type of cell is glia, which protects the former.eurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. 2  It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate. 3  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.