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Abstract. A nonsense mutation occurs when a sense codon, one that codes for an amino acid, is changed to one of the chainâtermination codons, UAG, UAA or UGA. A nonsense suppressor can result from a second mutation affecting the translational apparatus. This mutation enables the cell to insert an amino acid in response to the nonsense codon, resulting in a wildâtype or near wildâtype phenotype. Some suppressor mutations change the anticodon of a transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) such that it can pair with the nonsense codon.
The nonsense mutation converts a codon (a triplet of bases) that encodes an amino acid into a stop codon, one that specifies the termination of translation. There are three nonsense codons (UAG, UAA, and UGA) in mRNA. One of them comes normally at the end of each polypeptide. A nonsense codon is a stop codon which is out of place. Catching such a defective messenger RNA (mRNA) before a truncated and potentially harmful protein is synthesized is the job of what is called the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway.