1 flank pain, 2  nausea and/or vomiting. 3  Kidney pain can be on the left, right, or both sides. 4  Causes of kidney pain are diagnosed with the patient's history and physical examination, and lab tests including blood, pregnancy, and urine tests.
The fern life cycle and moss life cycle are similar in that they have alternation between sporophyte and gametophyte stages and that both rely on layers of water so that their sperm can swim from one...
Even though both gametophytes and sporophytes contain the genetic material of the plant species in question, these different life phases often look different. Most complex vascular plants spend more time as sporophytes, but mosses are different: the visible part of the plant is actually the gametophyte stage for these species. Haploid gametophytes only have one copy of each chromosome in each of their cells, which is why this life phase must reproduce asexually. Eventually gametophytes produce gametes which combine to form a diploid zygote. This zygote grows into the sporophyte form. Diploid sporophytes have two copies of each chromosome and are therefore able to undergo meiosis to form haploid spores that grow into gametophytes, bringing the alternation of generations full circle.