Sample Statistics. 1  x refers to a sample mean. 2  s refers to the standard deviation of a sample. 3  s2 refers to the variance of a sample. 4  p refers to the proportion of sample elements that have a particular attribute. 5  q refers to the proportion of sample elements that do not have a particular attribute, so q = 1 - p.
Ecology/Environmental Response. The most basic interest of ecologists is how organisms interact with their environment. Inanimate objects do not normally interactâthey are simply acted upon by forces in the environment. Organisms, however, cannot be totally passive within a chain of events and still sustain life.
To do so, you need to look at the external environment. Definition of an External Environment. An external environment is composed of all the outside factors or influences that impact the operation of business. The business must act or react to keep up its flow of operations. The external environment can be broken down into two types: the micro environment and the macro environment. Types of External Environments