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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
Figure 2.2: Neurons transmit information to other neurons. Information passes from the axon of the presynaptic neuron to the dendrites of the postsynaptic neuron. Figure 2.3: The synapse is the site where chemical signals pass between neurons.he neuron has processes called dendrites that receive signals and an axon that transmits signals to another neuron. The cell body, also called the soma, is the metabolic center of the neuron. The nucleus is located in the cell body, and most of the cellâs protein synthesis occurs in the cell body.