Likewise, if the population consists of equal numbers of males and females, and if the females give birth to 3 children each (and the males 0), then the average birth rate of the population will be 1.5. With these basics we can now consider two simple models of population growth:
For most purposes scrolls have long been superseded by the codex book format, but they are still produced for some ceremonial or religious purposes, notably for the Jewish Torah scroll for use in synagogues.
Scrolls were the first form of editable record keeping texts, used in Eastern Mediterranean ancient Egyptian civilizations. Parchment scrolls were used by several early civilizations before the codex or bound book with pages and was invented by the Latins in the 1st century AD.