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1 E layer: The next layer beyond the D layer is called the E layer. 2  This exists at an altitude of between 100 and 125 km. 3  Instead of acting chiefly as an attenuator, this layer reflects radio signals although they still undergo some attenuation.
When a radio wave reaches the ionosphere, the electric field in the wave forces the electrons in the ionosphere into oscillation at the same frequency as the radio wave. Some of the radio-frequency energy is given up to this resonant oscillation.