Muscle cramps result from an involuntary contraction of a skeletal muscle. Overuse, prolonged exercise without proper conditioning, and fatigue are common causes of muscle cramps. In addition, dehydration and depletion of electrolytes, including magnesium, calcium and potassium, can lead to muscle cramps.
The relationship between intelligent design and science has been a contentious one. Intelligent design (ID) is presented by its proponents as science and claims to offer an alternative to evolution.
Additionally, the research design must make clear the procedures used to ensure the protection of research subjects, whether human or animal, and to maintain the integrity of the information collected in the study. There are many ways to design a study to test a hypothesis. The research design that is chosen depends on the type of hypothesis (e.g. Does X cause Y? or How can I describe X and Y? or What is the relationship between X and Y?), how much time and money the study will cost, and whether or not it is possible to find participants.