Human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily HPV 16 & 18, are strongly implicated in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Three carcinoma in situ are associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: 1) Bowen's disease which presents as leukoplakia on the shaft. Around 1/3 progress to squamous cell carcinoma
The innate immune system is the bodyâs first line of defense against infection by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
Immunity Humans have three types of immunity â innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate Immunity Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection.Many of the germs that affect other species don't harm us.nnate immunity also includes the external barriers of the body, like the skin and mucous. membranes (like those that line the nose, throat, and gastrointestinal tract), which are the. first line of defense in preventing diseases from entering the body.