Likewise, if the population consists of equal numbers of males and females, and if the females give birth to 3 children each (and the males 0), then the average birth rate of the population will be 1.5. With these basics we can now consider two simple models of population growth:
For most purposes scrolls have long been superseded by the codex book format, but they are still produced for some ceremonial or religious purposes, notably for the Jewish Torah scroll for use in synagogues.
Applications of single scroll forms can be seen in the volutes at the head of an Ionic column, the carved scroll at the end of the pegbox on instruments in the violin family (resembling fiddleheads in nature), and the heads of many Western crosiers. Scrollwork is a technique used in cake decorating.