Human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily HPV 16 & 18, are strongly implicated in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Three carcinoma in situ are associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: 1) Bowen's disease which presents as leukoplakia on the shaft. Around 1/3 progress to squamous cell carcinoma
The innate immune system is the bodyâs first line of defense against infection by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
Innate immune defenses. In response to viral infection, many organisms mount a remarkable defense known as the immune response. This response to viral infection consists of an innate, or nonspecific component, and an adaptive, or specific defense.The innate response is considered the first line of immune defense because it is active even before infection begins.agged as: adaptive immunity, antibody, H1N1, immune cell, influenza, innate immunity, pathogenesis, swine flu, viral, virology, virus. This info is just so awesome. Thanks so much for taking the time to put it up and do it in simple, short bits.