Example: input will match any <input> element. Class selectors. This basic selector chooses elements based on the value of their class attribute. Example: .index will match any element that has the class index (likely defined by a class=index attribute or similar). ID selectors.
What is the Patriot Act? Interesting thing about The Patriot act is that it the actual word USA Patriot Act is an acronym. USA Patriot Act Stands for Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. It has a long extensive definition. But The Patriot Act summary version sounds like this, it extends the power of the authorities in hopes to make it easier for the authorities to detect and act on that information when there is a potential threat on security. There is more elegant Patriot Act Summary out there of course.
Yes, the Patriot Act violates our civil liberties in America. Of course, with terrorism as a possibility, the Patriot Act was passed in order to see if it could be headed off.