Say is the average increase in shoe size for upper-class people compared to middle-class people: then the Wald test can be used to test whether is 0 (in which case social class has no association with shoe size) or non-zero (shoe size varies between social classes).
There are many different species of vultures and each has a different type of habitat. Turkey vultures are the most prominent of the New World vultures and can be found in Southern Canada, the Continental United States, Mexico, Central America and South America. These vultures live in small caves, beneath bushes, in hollowed out logs, and sometimes in abandoned structures.
Geographic Distribution and Habitat: Sakis are New World monkeys[1] who live in the rainforests of northern and central South America; their range extends from southern Colombia, west to the foothills of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador and Peru, to northern Bolivia, and throughout the Amazon Basin of Brazil.