Pupil dilation and constriction can determine the valence of surprise from the action to the reaction of the individual. Positive valence to surprise is shown through a dilation or expansion of the pupil, where as negative valence in surprise is associated with pupil constriction.
Microbiological culture. A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture media under controlled laboratory conditions. Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used extensively as a research tool in molecular biology. Microbial cultures are used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested, or both. It is one of the primary diagnostic methods of microbiology and used a
To distinguish the growth characteristics of microorganisms in various differential, selective and enriched media. Much of the study of microorganisms depends on its ability to grow in the laboratory, and this is possible only if suitable culture media are available for the growth of microorganism. A culture medium is defined as a solid or liquid preparation used for the growth, transport, and storage of microorganisms.