A virus particle, also known as a virion, is essentially a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell or coat. Viruses are extremely small, approximately 20 - 400 nanometers in diameter. The largest virus, known as the Mimivirus, can measure up to 500 nanometers in diameter.By comparison, a human red blood cell is around 6,000 to 8,000 nanometers in diameter. In addition to varying sizes, viruses also have a variety of shapes. Similar to bacteria, some viruses have spherical or rod shapes.iruses are not capable of replicating their genes by themselves. They must rely on a host cell for reproduction. In order for viral replication to occur, the virus must first infect a host cell. The virus injects its genetic material into the cell and uses the cell's organelles to replicate.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is a research technique that exploits the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei.It determines the physical and chemical properties of atoms or the molecules in which they are contained.owever a frequency scale is commonly used to designate the NMR signals, even though the spectrometer may operate by sweeping the magnetic field, and thus the 42 ppm is 4200 Hz for a 100 MHz reference frequency (rf).
Definition of Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Search the Dictionary. NIR spectroscopy is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of the absorption of near-infrared light by a sample.Near-infrared light spans the 800 nm - 2.5 Âµm (12,500 - 4000 cm-1) range and is energetic enough to excite overtones and combinations of molecular vibrations to higher energy levels.IR spectroscopy is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of the absorption of near-infrared light by a sample.