Say is the average increase in shoe size for upper-class people compared to middle-class people: then the Wald test can be used to test whether is 0 (in which case social class has no association with shoe size) or non-zero (shoe size varies between social classes).
There are many different species of vultures and each has a different type of habitat. Turkey vultures are the most prominent of the New World vultures and can be found in Southern Canada, the Continental United States, Mexico, Central America and South America. These vultures live in small caves, beneath bushes, in hollowed out logs, and sometimes in abandoned structures.
There are three kinds of answers: ones that are mostly right, ones that are mostly wrong, and those that once were right but now are wrong. Vulture are known as scavengers, because flocks typically circle overhead until a dying animal is dead, or until carnivores have left a carcass. But vultures have very sharp beaks and talons. Killing prey or fighting over food is not uncommon.