Human papillomavirus (HPV), primarily HPV 16 & 18, are strongly implicated in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Three carcinoma in situ are associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: 1) Bowen's disease which presents as leukoplakia on the shaft. Around 1/3 progress to squamous cell carcinoma
The innate immune system is the bodyâs first line of defense against infection by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
A HealthyWomen answered. Innate immunity is the body's immediate immune system response to a perceived threat. Invaders such as bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms display signs on their surface called antigens that signal immune system cells to action.nnate immunity is the next line of defense after the barriers of the skin and the mucosa. The role of the innate immune system is to attack invading pathogens, triggering an immediate inflammatory response and firing up the next line of defense, the adaptive immune system.