Muscle cramps result from an involuntary contraction of a skeletal muscle. Overuse, prolonged exercise without proper conditioning, and fatigue are common causes of muscle cramps. In addition, dehydration and depletion of electrolytes, including magnesium, calcium and potassium, can lead to muscle cramps.
The relationship between intelligent design and science has been a contentious one. Intelligent design (ID) is presented by its proponents as science and claims to offer an alternative to evolution.
Design for the conduct of scientific research in education. The committeeâs discussion of research design is developed around three themes: 1. A variety of legitimate scientiï¬c approaches exist. Research designs. evolve, as do the questions they address, the theories they inform, and. the overall state of science.