On the European mainland, after 50 years of fighting, the Concordat of Worms provided a similar, but longer lasting, compromise when signed on September 23, 1122. It eliminated lay investiture, while leaving secular leaders some room for unofficial but significant influence in the appointment process.
The Freemasons is a fraternal organization formed in the late 16th or early 17th century, which permits men of any religion to join.
Along with the presidents listed below, Lyndon Johnson had been initiated into the 1st Degree of Freemasonry (an Entered Apprentice) but did not advance any further and did not become a full member of his lodge, Ronald Reagan was made an honorary Freemason, and Bill Clinton as a youth was a member of the Order of DeMolay.