However, the ADA also has accompanying administrative and criminal penalties for violations. Individual penalties are unique in budget law and give real âteethâ to the Antideficiency Act. Indeed, the ADA is the only one of the fiscal statues (Title 31) in U.S. law that have associated penalties.
They can be used in a circuit for several reasons: 1  On a multi-layer board, sometimes the board is too tight to route without crossing back and forth several times, and a simple jumper can really make the routing much easier, since it can hop across several traces. 2  On a single-sided board, they can replace wire jumpers. Zero ohm resistors are used where the designer may want to modify the circuit after it is built. It is easier to add or unsolder a surface-mount resistor than it is to bridge traces or cut a trace. During prototyping, a designer might include two versions of a circuit, and then use jumpers (zero ohm resistors) to enable one or other other.
solving for resistance: So, we need a resistor value of around 500 ohms to keep the current through the LED under the maximum current rating. 500 ohms is not a common value for off-the-shelf resistors, so this device uses a 560 ohm resistor in its place. Hereâs what our device looks like all put together.