Physicians and surgeons have demanding education and training requirements. Almost all physicians complete at least 4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and, depending on their specialty, 3 to 8 years in internship and residency programs.ertification is not required for physicians and surgeons; however, it may increase their employment opportunities. M.D.s and D.O.s seeking board certification in a specialty may spend up to 7 years in residency training; the length of time varies with the specialty.
From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. Muscles in the ureter walls constantly tighten and relax to force urine downward away from the kidneys. If urine is allowed to stand still, or back up, a kidney infection can develop.
URETERS: Function: It is the tube that carries urine from kidney to the bladder. Structure: It orignates from the base of the kidney and terminates in the base of the bladder â¦ . Each kidney has one ureter measuriing from 28 to 34 cm long, the right one is slightly shorter than the left.he ureter is the tube that connects each kidney to the bladder. The kidneys clean the blood and filter waste from it. This process produces a liquid waste, urine. Urine flows â¦ from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The urine is stored in the bladder until a person urinates.