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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain tissue. It's most often caused by viral infections. In some cases, bacterial infections can also cause encephalitis.
Cause of Encephalitis. In the United States, encephalitis causes can include enteroviruses, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and arboviruses. Lyme disease can also be a cause of the disease. In the case of primary encephalitis, it is a direct viral infection of the spinal cord and brain.