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By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Gunpowder or black powder is of great historical importance in chemistry. Although it can explode, its principal use is as a propellant. Gunpowder was invented by Chinese alchemists in the 9th century.Originally, it was made by mixing elemental sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate).y Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Gunpowder or black powder is of great historical importance in chemistry. Although it can explode, its principal use is as a propellant. Gunpowder was invented by Chinese alchemists in the 9th century.
The firearm was originally invented in China during the 13th century AD, after the Chinese invented gunpowder during the 9th century AD. These inventions were later transmitted to the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. The world's first firearm in history was the fire lance, the prototype of the gun.The fire lance was invented in China during the 10th century and it is the predecessor of all firearms.The phalanx-charging fire-gourd, one of many fire lance types discharging lead pellets in the gunpowder blast, an illustration from the Huolongjing, 1260.he fire lance was invented in China during the 10th century and it is the predecessor of all firearms. The phalanx-charging fire-gourd, one of many fire lance types discharging lead pellets in the gunpowder blast, an illustration from the Huolongjing, 1260.