Skins come from calves, foals, sheep, goats, and other small animals (young camels and seals). Hides are the skins of cattle, horses, donkeys, camels, deer, elk, walruses, and whales. Pigskin raw materials are the skins of domestic and wild swine. In addition to these most important types of leather raw materials, the skins of reptiles (crocodiles, lizards, and snakes) and fish (wolf-fish, cod, burbot, sheatfish, dog salmon, giant sturgeon, and shark) are also used.
If x-rays are normal, an MRI or bone scan is a more accurate way of diagnosing a stress fracture. The area where stress fractures of the hip occur is called the femoral neck. This is where the hip joint connects to the femur (the thigh bone).
STRESS: The force applied to a plane divided by the area of the plane. COMPRESSIVE STRESS: The stress generated by forces directed toward one another on opposite sides of a real or imaginary plane. TENSILE STRESS: The stress generated by forces directed away from one another on opposite sides of a real or imaginary plane. SHEAR STRESS: Stress (force per unit area) that acts parallel to a (fault) plane and tends to cause the rocks on either side of the plane to slide by one another. STRAIN: The result of stress applied to a body, causing the deformation of its shape and/or a change of volume. ELASTIC RESPONSE: The deformation of a body in proportion to the applied stress and its recovery once the stress is removed. ELASTIC LIMIT: The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before it deforms permanently. DUCTILE RESPONSE: The permanent deformation, without fracture in the shape of a solid.