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Cleft lip and palate is due to tissues of the face not properly joining together during development. They are a type of birth defect. The cause in most cases is unknown. Risk factors include smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, an older mother, obesity, and certain medications such as some used to treat seizures.
Cleft lip and/or palate. Cleft lip and cleft palate are birth defects that occur when the lip or mouth do not form properly during pregnancy. This type of birth defect also is called a facial anomaly. A child can have only a cleft lip, only a cleft palate, or both together. A cleft lip involves an opening from the upper lip to one or both nostrils.