Physicians and surgeons have demanding education and training requirements. Almost all physicians complete at least 4 years of undergraduate school, 4 years of medical school, and, depending on their specialty, 3 to 8 years in internship and residency programs.ertification is not required for physicians and surgeons; however, it may increase their employment opportunities. M.D.s and D.O.s seeking board certification in a specialty may spend up to 7 years in residency training; the length of time varies with the specialty.
From the kidneys, urine travels down two thin tubes called ureters to the bladder. The ureters are about 8 to 10 inches long. Muscles in the ureter walls constantly tighten and relax to force urine downward away from the kidneys. If urine is allowed to stand still, or back up, a kidney infection can develop.
The structures that transport urine are the ureters between the kidneys and the urinary bladder; and finally the urethra from the urinary bladder to outside of the body. It is called the urethra. The <b>ureters</b> (or <i>urinary ducts</i>) transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. <br /> The <b>urethra</b> transports urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body.The <b>organ</b>s which produces urine are the kidneys.