The first practical windmills had sails that rotated in a horizontal plane, around a vertical axis. According to Ahmad Y. al-Hassan, these panemone windmills were invented in eastern Persia as recorded by the Persian geographer Estakhri in the ninth century.
Genetic testing is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a personâs chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder.More than 1,000 genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed. Several methods can be used for genetic testing:Molecular genetic tests (or gene tests) study single genes or short lengths of DNA to identify variations or mutations that lead to a genetic disorder.he results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a personâs chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder. More than 1,000 genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed.
The University of Florida Cancer and Genetics Research Complex is one of the largest medical research facilities in the United States. Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) is in general simply known as medical research. It is the basic research (also called bench science or bench research), applied research, or translational research conducted to aid and support the development of knowledge in the field of medicine. An important kind of medical research is clinical research, which is distinguished by the involvement of patients. Other kinds of medical research include pre-clinical research, for example on animals, and basic medical research, for example in genetics.