Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
Like daytime heating, cooling occurs at different rates over water and land. The rapidly cooling land soon has a higher air pressure over it relative to that over the sea, and the air begins to flow down the pressure gradient seaward. This is the land breeze.