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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain tissue. It's most often caused by viral infections. In some cases, bacterial infections can also cause encephalitis.
Patient Comments Read 8 Comments Share Your Story. The signs and symptoms of encephalitis are the same for adults and children. Infants may have poor feeding, irritability, vomiting, bulging fontanel, and body stiffness; such symptoms in an infant always constitute a medical emergency.