Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
If the Earth's young atmosphere lost its water vapor, the surface would cool due to a decreased greenhouse effect. The young Sun was cooler and this contributed to a cooler surface. A small amount of CO2 in the atmosphere would enhance the greenhouse effect, warm the planet, and keep the surface mostly free of ice.