As a model of the new system a prototype allows for several forms of communication. First, it allows the developers to communicate to the users their understanding of the requirements. (Obviously before a prototype can be built there must be some initial requirements discussions between developers and users).
(Arrhenius) a substance that yeilds hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution; metallic oxides in water. Buffers. substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits both acids and bases, and thereby maintaining the original or constant pH of the solution; substances that prevent changes in pH. Ex. borax, sodium phosphates, and citrates. Crystallization. the process by which a substance is given definite form.
The goal of a buffer solution is to help maintain a stable pH when a small amount of acid or base is introduced into a solution. A phosphate buffer solution is a handy buffer to have around, especially for biological applications. Because phosphoric acid has multiple dissociation constants, you can prepare phosphate buffers near any of the three pHs, which are at 2.15, 6.86 and 12.32.