A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea /paÉªËsiËÉ/, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal regions of the Earth. Spruces are large trees, from about 20â60 m tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their whorled branches and conical form. The needles, or leaves, of spruces are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion, each needle on a small, peg-like structure. The needles are shed when ...
RESULTS: Cytokines are regulators of host responses to infection, immune responses, inflammation, and trauma. Some cytokines act to make disease worse (proinflammatory), whereas others serve to reduce inflammation and promote healing (anti-inflammatory). Attention also has focused on blocking cytokines, which are harmful to the host, particularly during overwhelming infection. Interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are proinflammatory cytokines, and when they are administered to humans, they produce fever, inflammation, tissue destruction, and, in some cases, shock and death.
Inflammation is the response of living tissue to damage. The acute inflammatory response has 3 main functions: The cause of acute inflammation may be due to physical damage, chemical substances, micro-organisms or other agents.The inflammatory response consist of changes in blood flow, increased permeability of blood vessels and escape of cells from the blood into the tissues.The changes are essentially the same whatever the cause and wherever the site. Acute inflammation should be short-lasting, only a few days.he inflammatory response consist of changes in blood flow, increased permeability of blood vessels and escape of cells from the blood into the tissues. The changes are essentially the same whatever the cause and wherever the site. Acute inflammation should be short-lasting, only a few days.