Bickerstaff's encephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, first described by Edwin Bickerstaff in 1951. It may also affect the peripheral nervous system, and has features in common with both Miller Fisher syndrome and GuillainâBarrÃ© syndrome. 1  1 Signs and symptoms.  2 Pathophysiology.
Pathophysiology. Tears are produced in the lacrimal gland and drain through the upper and lower puncta into the canaliculi and then into the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct (see Figure: Anatomy of the lacrimal system. ). Obstruction of tear drainage can lead to stasis and infection.
Shaped like an almond the main lacrimal gland is situated above and lateral to the eye in the orbit in a shallow depression of the frontal bone. (The lacrimal gland does not lie in the lacrimal fossa or lacrimal bone where the nasolacrimal duct is!). The lacrimal gland secretes tears into ducts in the upper fornix. The lobules of the orbital portion of the lacrimal gland (#1 in photo above) are near the orbital septum but lie under the levator muscle (#4 photo above). Accessory Lacrimal Glands of Krause.