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Cleft lip and palate is due to tissues of the face not properly joining together during development. They are a type of birth defect. The cause in most cases is unknown. Risk factors include smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, an older mother, obesity, and certain medications such as some used to treat seizures.
Most people with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are missing about 30 to 40 genes. The exact function of many of these genes remains a mystery. But one gene, TBX1, probably accounts for the syndrome's most common physical symptoms. These include heart problems and cleft palate.