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Cleft lip and palate is due to tissues of the face not properly joining together during development. They are a type of birth defect. The cause in most cases is unknown. Risk factors include smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, an older mother, obesity, and certain medications such as some used to treat seizures.
Cleft Chin and Genetics. The genetics of facial characteristics is a fascinating area and a cleft chin is actually caused by a dominant gene. This doesn't necessarily mean that if you happen to have a cleft chin, that all of your children will have this facial trait as well.