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Another cause of encephalitis under study is encephalitis believed to be caused by an autoantibody attack on subunits of brain N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors. The autoantibodies are termed anti-NMDA receptor antibodies, and the disease is termed NMDA receptor encephalitis, first identified in 2007.
Encephalitis can also occur following a bacterial infection, such as Lyme disease (carried by ticks), tuberculosis and syphilis, and by parasites, such as toxoplasmosis (carried by cats). Another cause of encephalitis is an autoimmune reaction, when the body's own immune system attacks the brain tissues.ncephalitis often is preceded by a viral illness, such as an upper respiratory infection, or a gastrointestinal problem, such as diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting. The following are the most common symptoms of encephalitis. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: