Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
About 29 percent of the solar energy that arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles, or bright ground surfaces like sea ice and snow. This energy plays no role in Earthâs climate system. About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface.