Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
The atmosphere is heated chiefly by radiation from Earth's surface  rather than by direct solar radiation because about 50 percent of  the solar energy is absorbed at Earth' â¦ s surface. 30 percent is  reflected back to space.