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I believe that with the new salt and pepper shakers, the salt shaker is the one with 3 holes, while the pepper goes in the one with 2 holes. Salt is used more than pepper anyway. Pepper should only ever be fresh ground at the table, meaning salt shakers win out.
Saltpeter is the common name used for several different chemical compounds, specifically for potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate. Potassium nitrate is commonly used in gunpowder, and sodium nitrate is found in fertilizers and explosives.