But because of the molecular tructure of hydrogen, a hydrogens. infrastructure is much more energy -intensive than a natural gas economy. In this study, the energy consumed by each stage is related to the energy content. (higher heating value HHV) of the delivered hydrogen itself.
Residual risk. The residual risk is the risk or danger of an action or an event, a method or a process that, although being abreast with science, still conceives these dangers, even if all theoretically possible safety measures would be applied.The formula to calculate residual risk is x where inherent risk is.In the economic context, residual means âthe quantity left over at the end of a process; a remainderâ. In the property rights model it is the shareholder that holds the residual risk and therefore the residual profit.he residual risk is the risk or danger of an action or an event, a method or a process that, although being abreast with science, still conceives these dangers, even if all theoretically possible safety measures would be applied.
Market risk is the risk of loss due to the factors that affect an entire market or asset class. Market risk is also known as undiversifiable risk because it affects all asset classes and is unpredictable. An investor can only mitigate this type of risk by hedging a portfolio. There are four primary sources of risk that affect the overall market: interest rate risk, equity price risk, foreign exchange risk and commodity risk. Interest rate risk is the risk of increased volatility due to a change of interest rates.