C. difficile is a toxin-producing bacteria that causes antibiotic-associated colitis, which can occur after the antibiotic therapy upsets the balance of good and bad bacteria in your intestinal tract. Besides loose stools, C. difficile infection can cause: 1  Lower abdominal pain and cramping.  Low-grade fever.
The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells. Discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans, the pancreatic islets constitute approximately 1-2% of the pancreas's mass and receive 10-15% of its blood flow.here are about one million islets distributed throughout the pancreas of a healthy adult human, :914 each of which measures about 0.2 mm in diameter.
In the pancreas, part of the organ is an exocrine gland (the acini) secreting and part is endocrine , i.e., the islets of Langerhans which secrete various hormones such as insulin and glucagon. In the digestive system, some cells are endocrine cells, i.e., the enteroendocrine cells. Other endocrine organs include the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pituitary gland. The thyroid gland is located dorsolateral to the trachea, close to the larynx. It has two lobes that are connected by a narrow isthmus.