C. difficile is a toxin-producing bacteria that causes antibiotic-associated colitis, which can occur after the antibiotic therapy upsets the balance of good and bad bacteria in your intestinal tract. Besides loose stools, C. difficile infection can cause: 1  Lower abdominal pain and cramping.  Low-grade fever.
The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells. Discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans, the pancreatic islets constitute approximately 1-2% of the pancreas's mass and receive 10-15% of its blood flow.here are about one million islets distributed throughout the pancreas of a healthy adult human, :914 each of which measures about 0.2 mm in diameter.
The Islets of Langerhans. The Islets of Langerhans are commonly referred to as islets (pronounced EYE-lets). Islets actually are clusters of cells, with each islet containing 3,000 to 4,000 cells. Scientists estimate there are 1 million islets in a healthy, adult pancreas. They make up only 1 to 2 percent of the entire organ. Within each islet are several types of cells, which work together to regulate blood sugar. One cell type is the beta cell. Beta cells sense sugar in the blood and release the necessary amount of insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. The immune system mistakenly sees beta cells as potential danger and destroys them, causing type 1 diabetes.