C. difficile is a toxin-producing bacteria that causes antibiotic-associated colitis, which can occur after the antibiotic therapy upsets the balance of good and bad bacteria in your intestinal tract. Besides loose stools, C. difficile infection can cause: 1  Lower abdominal pain and cramping.  Low-grade fever.
The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (i.e., hormone-producing) cells. Discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans, the pancreatic islets constitute approximately 1-2% of the pancreas's mass and receive 10-15% of its blood flow.here are about one million islets distributed throughout the pancreas of a healthy adult human, :914 each of which measures about 0.2 mm in diameter.
The salt gland is an organ for excreting excess salts. It is found in elasmobranchs (sharks, rays, and skates), seabirds, and some reptiles.Sharks ' glands are found in their rectum, birds' and reptiles' in or on the skull in the area of the eyes, nostrils or mouth.These glands are lobed containing many secretory tubules which radiate outward from the excretory canal at the center. Secretory tubules are lined with a single layer of epithelial cells.he evolution of a salt gland in early reptiles and birds allowed them to eat aquatic plants and animals with high salt concentrations. This evolutionary development does not account for the gland in elasmobranchs, suggesting convergent evolution.