Biology of bacterial inclusion bodies. Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein aggregates that have been commonly observed in recombinant Escherichia coli since the implementation of recombinant DNA technologies.
How is the lower atmosphere warmed from the surface upward? The lower atmosphere is warmed from the surface upward by ground temperature. As the ground warms up, the heat rises and causes warmer temperatures.
Some of this incoming radiation is reflected off clouds, some is absorbed by the atmosphere, and some passes through to the Earth's surface. Larger aerosol particles in the atmosphere interact with and absorb some of the radiation, causing the atmosphere to warm.REENHOUSE EFFECT. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (such as water vapor and carbon dioxide) absorb most of the Earth's emitted longwave infrared radiation, which heats the lower atmosphere.