The radius of the disk is R, and the mass of the disk is M. Using the parallel axis theorem and theequation for the moment of inertia of a disk about its central axis developed in the previous example, Eq. (8), the moment of inertia of the disk about the specified axis is Fig.
Short Circuits. Short circuits are the second most common reason for breaker tripping and are a more serious concern. Short circuits occur when the black hot wires inside your electrical service panel come in contact with either other hot wires or neutral wires.
The latch-up does not have to happen between the power rails-it can happen at any place where the required parasitic structure exists. A common cause of latch-up is a positive or negative voltage spike on an input or output pin of a digital chip that exceeds the rail voltage by more than a diode drop. Another cause is the supply voltage exceeding the absolute maximum rating, often from a transient spike in the power supply.