A large proportion of healthy African Americans have been observed to have a white blood cell count (WBC) that is persistently lower than the normal range defined for individuals of European ancestry [1]â[5].
Energy is only released when chemical bonds are formed. In general, a chemical reaction involves two steps: 1) the original chemical bonds between the atoms are broken, and 2) new bonds are formed. These two steps are sometimes lumped into one event for simplicity, but they are really two separate events.
When this bond is broken,energy is released.The energy of ATP becomes avail-able to a cell when the molecule is broken down. In other words, whenthe chemical bond between the sec-ond and third phosphate groups inATP is broken, energy is released andthe resulting molecule is ADP.