How Addiction Hijacks the Brain. Addiction involves craving for something intensely, loss of control over its use, and continuing involvement with it despite adverse consequences. Addiction changes the brain, first by subverting the way it registers pleasure and then by corrupting other normal drives such as learning and motivation.
About the appendix. The appendix is a pouch-like tube that is attached to the cecum, which is the first section of the large intestine or colon. The appendix averages 10 centimeters (about 4 inches) in length. It is considered part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Generally thought to have no significant function in the body, the appendix may be a part of the lymphatic, exocrine, or endocrine systems. Appendix cancer occurs when healthy cells in the appendix change and grow out of control. These cells form a growth of tissue, called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body.
The colon, or large bowel, has three sides: the ascending colon (right side), the transverse colon, and the descending colon (left side). Patients with colon cancer and colorectal cancer may have hemicolectomy. Surgery to remove part of the colon or large intestine is called hemicolectomy or sigmoid colectomy. Depending on where the cancer is located will determine which side of the colon is removed. Colectomy. The primary treatment for colon cancer is surgery. The part of the large bowel with cancer is removed, along with surrounding lymph nodes. Removal of the colon is called a colectomy. The remaining bowel is then joined together. Joining the bowel is called an anastomosis. When cancer is found in the ascending colon, the right side is removed. The colon is then joined to the small intestine.