A large proportion of healthy African Americans have been observed to have a white blood cell count (WBC) that is persistently lower than the normal range defined for individuals of European ancestry [1]â[5].
Energy is only released when chemical bonds are formed. In general, a chemical reaction involves two steps: 1) the original chemical bonds between the atoms are broken, and 2) new bonds are formed. These two steps are sometimes lumped into one event for simplicity, but they are really two separate events.
Despite common misconception, energy is NOT released when you break the phosphate bond for ATP. Energy must be put in to break the bond. However, the bonds that are formed in the products release more energy overall, thus gives rise to the idea that ATP releases energy when it turns to ADP.