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The anterior thoracic nerve from the C5 to C8 roots innervates the pectoralis major and minor, and the thoracodorsal nerve from C6 to C8 roots innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle. The axillary nerve is formed by fibers of the C5 to C6 roots which go through the posterior cord of the plexus and innervate the deltoid and teres minor muscles, as well as part of the skin of the lateral shoulder.
Five nerves innervate the muscles of the arm: 1  Musculocutaneous innervates the biceps brachii and some overlying skin. 2  Median innervates anterior forearm muscles, some intrinsic hand muscles, and skin of lateral (anatomical position/toward thumb) palm. 3  Ulnar innervates intrinsic hand muscles and skin of the medial hand.