1 The LLC must pay a fee if the California total income is equal to or greater than $250,000. 2  The LLC must estimate the fee it will owe for the year and make an estimated fee payment. 3  See Estimated Payments below.
Ligand Definition. A ligand is an atom, ion, or molecule that donates or shares one or more of its electrons through a covalent bond with a central atom or ion. It is a complexing group in coordination chemistry that stabilizes the central atom and determines it reactivity.
Whether a hormone binds to a receptor inside or outside a cell depends on the chemical nature of the hormone and its compatibility with the cellâs fatty outer membrane. The membraneâs fat layers impede water-friendly hormones from passing through but allow fat-derived hormones to readily enter the cell. A ligand is any molecule that binds to a specific site on a protein or other molecule. 2  In this case, the estrogen hormone 17-beta-estradiol is the ligand, and the estrogen receptor is the protein.