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Par value. Par value is the face value, or named value, of a stock or bond. With stocks, the par value, which is frequently set at $1, is used as an accounting device but has no relationship to the actual market value of the stock.
4. Thus. The Adjusted Present Value (APV) Approach 23A-3 horizon value of the levered firm. Calculate the present value of the free cash flows and their horizon value. subtract the value of the debt before the merger from the total value of the firm. This is the value of operations for the unlevered firm.