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excited state: state in which an atom or molecule picks up outside energy, causing an electron to move into a higher-energy orbital.
Thus, in a hydrogen atom (composed of an orbiting electron bound to a nucleus of one proton), an excitation energy of 10.2 electron volts is required to promote the electron from its ground state to the first excited state. A different excitation energy (12.1 electron volts) is needed to raise the electron from its ground state to the second excited state. Similarly, the protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei constitute a system that can be raised to discrete higher