There are severe constraints on the supply side of the provision of infrastructure in Asia. The infrastructure financing gap between what is invested in Asia-Pacific (around US$48 billion) and what is needed (US$228 billion) is around US$180 billion every year.
Placed in the centre of a garden bed, they can be underplanted with low growing shrubs and bulbous plants for an harmonious effect; or underplanted with grass for a contrasting statement. Alternatively, the tree can be situated at the end of a long garden to draw visitors out into the garden.
Old-growth forest may also be dominated by species such as red pine, white pine, or red oak that do not reproduce as well under shade and that require disturbance to open the canopy. These old-growth forests will eventually be replaced by the more shade-tolerant tree species in the absence of disturbance.