There's been an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency over the last few decades because we've been avoiding the sun, Volgman says. Other reasons include having a milk allergy, following a strict vegetarian meal plan, and having darker skin (the pigment melanin reduces the skin's ability to make vitamin D from sunlight).
Sacral fractures - Denis classification. Zone 1: Region of the ala. Zone 2: Region of the sacral foramina. Zone 3: Region of central sacral canal. Provide an explanation for key principles and pertinent aspects of the classification. Provide the citation for the landmark article and recent review articles describing the classification.
Closed Fracture. Most types of patella fractures are closed fractures, in which the patella does not break through the skin. Some types of closed fractures may be treated without surgery. Open Fracture. An open fracture occurs when the broken bone breaks through the skin, exposing the injured patella.