Price Variance. Definition: Price variance is the actual unit cost of a purchased item, minus its standard cost, multiplied by the quantity of actual units purchased. The price variance formula is: (Actual cost incurred-standard cost) x Actual quantity of units purchased. = Price variance. If the actual cost incurred is lower than the standard cost, this is considered a favorable price variance.
Calcium carbonate is a common, naturally occurring calcium salt that is often used as a source of calcium in supplements. Its abundance in nature makes calcium carbonate the least expensive supplemental calcium salt. It is also a major component of some types of stone that are used in architecture and sculpture.
People who develop calcium stones (both oxalate and phosphate) not only have excess calcium in their urine and kidneys, they also have low levels of citrate (a form of citric acid that inhibits calcium stone formation). You can increase citrate levels by simply adding lemon juice to your water.