A plasmid that is attached to the cell membrane or integrated into the bacterial chromosome is called an episome (q.v.). Plasmids are extremely valuable tools in the fields of molecular biology and genetics, specifically in the area of genetic engineering (q.v.).
Gerund and Infinitive: Whatâs the Difference? Knowing the difference between gerund and infinitive can save you from making costly grammar mistakes when writing. In a nutshell, a word formed from a verb acting as a noun and ending in ing is a gerund. Infinitive phrases â normally referred to as infinitives â are formed with the word to in front of a verb.
The gerund is distinct from the present participle in that it (or rather the verb phrase it forms) acts as a noun rather than an adjective or adverb: I like sleeping; Sleeping is not allowed.. There is also a pure verbal noun with the same form (the breaking of one's vows is not to be taken lightly).