In baking, for example, flour and sugar are frequently measured in cups. A measuring cup is a physical container meant to hold 8 ounces. It is usually clear, and smaller units of measurement are marked on the outside using markers, including 1/2 cup, 1/3 cup and 1/4 cup.
Combinations of these atoms form the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA -- the sides of the ladder, in other words. Other combinations of the atoms form the four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).These bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder.(It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.). A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the cell's nucleus.Nucleotides are the units which, when linked sugar to phosphate, make up one side of a DNA ladder.hese bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder. (It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.). A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the cell's nucleus.
A DNA molecule is made up of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate group and complementary nitrogenous base pairs. The double strand of the helix consists of the sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous base pairs, which are linked by hydrogen bonds that also hold the strands together, are between this backbone.