In baking, for example, flour and sugar are frequently measured in cups. A measuring cup is a physical container meant to hold 8 ounces. It is usually clear, and smaller units of measurement are marked on the outside using markers, including 1/2 cup, 1/3 cup and 1/4 cup.
Combinations of these atoms form the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA -- the sides of the ladder, in other words. Other combinations of the atoms form the four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).These bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder.(It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.). A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the cell's nucleus.Nucleotides are the units which, when linked sugar to phosphate, make up one side of a DNA ladder.hese bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder. (It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.). A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the cell's nucleus.
The nucleotides of DNA line up so that the sugar and phosphate molecules make two long backbones like the handrails of a ladder. To make the rungs of the ladder, two bases join together, between the sugar molecules on the two handrails. The phosphate molecules do not have any rungs between them. THERE IS ONLY ONE WAY THE BASES CAN PAIR UP ON THE RUNGS OF THE DNA LADDER. An adenine molecule only pairs with a thymine.