There's been an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency over the last few decades because we've been avoiding the sun, Volgman says. Other reasons include having a milk allergy, following a strict vegetarian meal plan, and having darker skin (the pigment melanin reduces the skin's ability to make vitamin D from sunlight).
Sacral fractures - Denis classification. Zone 1: Region of the ala. Zone 2: Region of the sacral foramina. Zone 3: Region of central sacral canal. Provide an explanation for key principles and pertinent aspects of the classification. Provide the citation for the landmark article and recent review articles describing the classification.
Zone 1 fractures are sacral fractures lateral to foramina. These are most common fractures and associated with nerve injury in 5%. Usually, L5 nerve root is affected.acral fractures are missed quite often, as often as 75% in patients without neurological deficit and about half of those with deficit. Neurologic injury associated with sacral fractures can range from an incomplete injury of a single nerve root to involvement of the entire cauda equina.