In baking, for example, flour and sugar are frequently measured in cups. A measuring cup is a physical container meant to hold 8 ounces. It is usually clear, and smaller units of measurement are marked on the outside using markers, including 1/2 cup, 1/3 cup and 1/4 cup.
Combinations of these atoms form the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA -- the sides of the ladder, in other words. Other combinations of the atoms form the four bases: thymine (T), adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).These bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder.(It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.). A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the cell's nucleus.Nucleotides are the units which, when linked sugar to phosphate, make up one side of a DNA ladder.hese bases are the rungs of the DNA ladder. (It takes two bases to form a rung -- one for each side of the ladder.). A sugar molecule, a base, and a phosphate molecule group together to make up a nucleotide. Nucleotides are abundant in the cell's nucleus.
  The twisted ladder metaphorA DNA molecule is often likened to a spiral (or twisted) ladder. In this analogy, the rungs of the ladder are the base pairs (A-T and G-C). The sides of the ladder are the sugar-phosphate backbones of the two strands. This refers to B form DNA.wo hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine; three hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine. There are three forms of DNA that differ significantly. The most common, B form, is the structure most people have heard of.