There's been an epidemic of vitamin D deficiency over the last few decades because we've been avoiding the sun, Volgman says. Other reasons include having a milk allergy, following a strict vegetarian meal plan, and having darker skin (the pigment melanin reduces the skin's ability to make vitamin D from sunlight).
Sacral fractures - Denis classification. Zone 1: Region of the ala. Zone 2: Region of the sacral foramina. Zone 3: Region of central sacral canal. Provide an explanation for key principles and pertinent aspects of the classification. Provide the citation for the landmark article and recent review articles describing the classification.
The top sacral vertebra (S1) connects to the last lumbar vertebra (L5 or L6), and the lowest sacral vertebra (S5) connects to the coccyx, or tailbone. The first vertebra of the sacral spine, S1, is one of the most common vertebrae susceptible to injuries like a pinched nerve, bulging disc or herniated disc. Whether due to age or injury, the protective discs between our vertebrae can be weakened to the point that they swell (bulge) or break open (rupture).