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Rainfall also affects soil pH. Water passing through the soil leaches basic nutrients such as calcium and magnesium from the soil. They are replaced by acidic elements such as aluminum and iron. For this reason, soils formed under high rainfall conditions are more acidic than those formed under arid (dry) conditions.
Iron is found in soil in either its ferrous form (Fe++) or ferric form (Fe+++). When iron is ferric, the solubility of the compound decreases iron's availability to plants in the soil. The ferrous form is active and easily absorbed. Soil pH and aeration influence the availability of the iron.