In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Clinical Scenario. Bubble baths are common products used by parents. Medical professionals, from students to consultants, can be heard across clinics throughout the country, advising parents to avoid the use of bubble bath to help prevent another urinary tract infection in their child.
Pneumaturia should not be confused with frothy or foamy urine, which arises due to proteinuria. It also has to be differentiated from surface bubbles in the toilet bowl water that form when urinating as this can be due to detergents in the water. With pneumaturia, the bubbles in the urine may rise to the surface of the toilet bowl water in a manner similar to a carbonated beverage.