The Role of Probability. Basic Concepts of Probability. A probability is a number that reflects the chance or likelihood that a particular event will occur. Probabilities can be expressed as proportions that range from 0 to 1, and they can also be expressed as percentages ranging from 0% to 100%.
Thus, when people hypoventilate (i.e. causing an increase in CO2) this causes the pH in your blood to decrease, making it more acidic. (and when hyperventilation occurs, O2 is increased, which causes an increase in pH - making blood more basic).
Chondromalacia occurs when the shock absorber (meniscus) between bones within a joint wears down, causing the bones to directly rub together. The rubbing wears down the hyaline cartilage which covers the ends of the bones within the joint resulting in pain. It is an important component of patello-femoral syndrome which happens within the knee joint when the back of the knee cap and lower end of the thigh bone rub together. Although most common within the knee joint, it has also been found present in all joints that have the hyaline cartilage as part of the joint surfaces.