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Elephantiasis is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system, which results in the accumulation of a fluid called lymph in the affected areas. Functioning as part of the immune system, the lymphatic system helps to protect the body against infection and disease.
Other cardiovascular causes of leg swelling include thrombophlebitis, venous insufficiency and a large blood clot in the leg, often in the calf. This is called a deep vein thrombosis. Other serious causes of leg swelling include kidney disease, preeclampsia and liver disease, such as cirrhosis of the liver. Orthopedic conditions that can cause leg swelling include dislocations, bone fractures, a cast that is too tight, contusion, ankle sprain, and ligament injuries and tendon injuries.