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This unzipping takes place in both directions from the replication origins, creating a replication bubble. The replication is therefore said to be bi-directional. Once the two strands are separated a small piece of RNA, called an RNA primer, is attached to the DNA by an enzyme called DNA primase. These primers are the beginnings of all new DNA chains since the enzyme responsible for the copying of the DNA, DNA polymerase, can not start from scratch.
The only difference is that RNA pairs a nucleotide called uracil (U), instead of a T, with an A on the DNA. A protein machine called RNA polymerase reads the DNA and makes the RNA copy. This copy is called messenger RNA, or mRNA, because it delivers the gene's message to the protein-producing machinery.e now have the ability to attach a piece of every gene in a genome (all of an organism's genes) to a postage stamp-sized glass microscope slide. This ordered series of DNA spots is called a DNA microarray, a gene chip or a DNA chip.