A Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Oxford in full academic dress. A Doctor of Philosophy degree (often abbreviated Ph.D. , PhD, D.Phil. , or DPhil) or a Doctorate of Philosophy, from the Latin Doctor Philosophiae, is a type of doctorate awarded by universities in many countries.
However, independent expenditures are often used to work around campaign contribution limitations, so a candidate may appear to have a strong outside support network when the money isn't really independently spent but rather provided by people working in concert with the primary campaign committee. References.
Suppose there is a group policy in which there is a shared limit of $10 million. As policy holders begin to submit claims, the shared limit decreases. So if the first claim of the year is for $1 million, then for the rest of the year there is only $9 million left. Because the limit is shared, everyone starts out sharing a $10 million limit, and after the first claim everyone has to split the $9 million limit.