Excessive sodium: High urinary levels of sodium result in increased levels of calcium. Certain defects in the kidney tubules transport system, which cause imbalances in sodium and phosphate, can lead to high calcium levels in the urine. A diet high in salt can also produce this effect.
Some of the common causes of Decreased cardiac output may include: 1  Mitral regurgitation. 2  Azotemia. 3  Hypotension. Cardiac tamponade.  Restrictive 1  cardiomyopathy. more causes...Â».
2. Assume that for one beat, the stroke volume of the left ventricle is greater than that of the right ventricle. Explain why in a normal heart this would be corrected on the next beat. 3. Explain why elite athletes have a lower than normal heart rate, yet have a higher than normal ability to increase cardiac output. Title PowerPhys Experiment 4: Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output