The speech standard of the Ming and Qing empires was called Mandarin language by European missionaries, translating the Chinese name Guanhua (the language of the officials) for this speech standard, which was current already in the Ming Dynasty.
Producer gas is made by blowing air through an incandescent fuel bed (commonly coke or coal) in a gas producer. The reaction of fuel with insufficient air for total combustion produces carbon monoxide (CO); this reaction is exothermic and self-sustaining.
natural gas is methane CH4, and what you call burning is a combustion, it means: a reaction with the dioxygen O2 in the air when the mixture of air and methane is heated (with an electrical spark typically or with the flame of a match). The equation of this reaction is the following :