Excessive sodium: High urinary levels of sodium result in increased levels of calcium. Certain defects in the kidney tubules transport system, which cause imbalances in sodium and phosphate, can lead to high calcium levels in the urine. A diet high in salt can also produce this effect.
Some of the common causes of Decreased cardiac output may include: 1  Mitral regurgitation. 2  Azotemia. 3  Hypotension. Cardiac tamponade.  Restrictive 1  cardiomyopathy. more causes...Â».
Output. Cardiac output is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart in a minute. It is equal to the heart rate multiplied by the stroke volume. So if there are 70 beats per minute, and 70 ml blood is ejected with each beat of the heart, the cardiac output is 4900 ml/ minute.This value is typical for an average adult at rest, although cardiac output may reach up to 30 liters/ minute during extreme exercise.Factors Affecting Cardiac Output.o if there are 70 beats per minute, and 70 ml blood is ejected with each beat of the heart, the cardiac output is 4900 ml/ minute. This value is typical for an average adult at rest, although cardiac output may reach up to 30 liters/ minute during extreme exercise. Factors Affecting Cardiac Output.