Excessive sodium: High urinary levels of sodium result in increased levels of calcium. Certain defects in the kidney tubules transport system, which cause imbalances in sodium and phosphate, can lead to high calcium levels in the urine. A diet high in salt can also produce this effect.
Some of the common causes of Decreased cardiac output may include: 1  Mitral regurgitation. 2  Azotemia. 3  Hypotension. Cardiac tamponade.  Restrictive 1  cardiomyopathy. more causes...Â».
Heart rate is the number of beats per minute. So, cardiac output can be increased by increasing either the stroke volume or the heart rate, or both. --- During exercise, the initial increase in cardiac output is due to an increase in both heart rate and stroke volume.ardiac output is the volume of blood that your heart pumps per minute. With it being increased, it means that there is an increase in volume of blood that your heart pum â¦ ps around the body.