1 When the gallstones travel out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts, they block the opening that drains bile and enzymes. The bile and enzymes back up into the pancreas and cause swelling.  Genetics may be a factor in some cases. Sometimes, the cause is not known.
An increased level of the cardiac protein isoform of troponin circulating in the blood has been shown to be a biomarker of heart disorders, the most important of which is myocardial infarction. Raised troponin levels indicate cardiac muscle cell death as the molecule is released into the blood upon injury to the heart.
In addition to its use in the diagnosis of MI, an elevated troponin level can identify patients at high risk for adverse cardiac events. [23, 24] Specifically, data from a meta-analysis indicated that an elevated troponin level in patients without ST-segment elevation is associated with a nearly 4-fold increase in the cardiac mortality rate.