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It is differentiated from acute kidney disease in that the reduction in kidney function must be present for over 3 months. Chronic kidney disease is identified by a blood test for creatinine, which is a breakdown product of muscle metabolism. Higher levels of creatinine indicate a lower glomerular filtration rate and as a result a decreased capability of the kidneys to excrete waste products.
Diabetes and high blood pressure are the 2 most common causes and account for most cases. Many other diseases and conditions can damage the kidneys, including: 1  Autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma)  Birth defects of the kidneys (such as polycystic kidney disease)