Points to ponder: 1  Palm oil has been used safely for over 5000 years. 2  Palm oil has is consumed all over the world. 3  Palm oil is an excellent dietary energy source.  Palm oil does not require hydrogenation to extend its shelf 1  life. Palm oil is rich in carotenoids.  Palm oil is a good source for 1  vitamin E. Palm oils fatty acids are well balanced.
In this case, seasonal vitamin D supplementation would be beneficial. The most common vitamin and mineral deficiencies, especially for vegetarians and vegans, are in iron, calcium, vitamin D and B12. Vegan sources of calcium include leafy green vegetables (like spinach and kale), almonds and sesame seeds. Many milk and yogurt alternatives are also calcium-fortified.
: Appendix B: Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies in the U.S. Some American adults get too little vitamin D, vitamin E, magnesium, calcium, vitamin A and vitamin C (Table B1). More than 40 percent of adults have dietary intakes of vitamin A, C, D and E, calcium and magnesium below the average requirement for their age and gender. Inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals is most common among 14-to-18-year-old teenagers. Adolescent girls have lower nutrient intake than boys (Berner 2014; Fulgoni 2011). But nutrient deficiencies are rare among younger American children; the exceptions are dietary vitamin D and E, for which intake is low for all Americans, and calcium.