Excessive sodium: High urinary levels of sodium result in increased levels of calcium. Certain defects in the kidney tubules transport system, which cause imbalances in sodium and phosphate, can lead to high calcium levels in the urine. A diet high in salt can also produce this effect.
Some of the common causes of Decreased cardiac output may include: 1  Mitral regurgitation. 2  Azotemia. 3  Hypotension. Cardiac tamponade.  Restrictive 1  cardiomyopathy. more causes...Â».
Cardiac output is the amount of blood your heart is able to pump in 1 minute. The problem in heart failure is that the heart isn't pumping out enough blood each time it beats (low stroke volume). 1  Beat faster (increase your heart rate).  Pump more blood with each beat (increase your stroke volume).