1 When the gallstones travel out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts, they block the opening that drains bile and enzymes. The bile and enzymes back up into the pancreas and cause swelling.  Genetics may be a factor in some cases. Sometimes, the cause is not known.
An increased level of the cardiac protein isoform of troponin circulating in the blood has been shown to be a biomarker of heart disorders, the most important of which is myocardial infarction. Raised troponin levels indicate cardiac muscle cell death as the molecule is released into the blood upon injury to the heart.
Table 1 shows the calculated 99th upper reference limit values for some of the available troponin assays. The cutoff values are different for MI in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).he troponins are specific to cardiac muscle, rise fairly early in cardiac injury, and stay elevated longer than some of the other cardiac biomarkers such as CK-MB and myoglobin. Normal serial troponin values effectively rule out acute myocardial ischemia.