Excessive sodium: High urinary levels of sodium result in increased levels of calcium. Certain defects in the kidney tubules transport system, which cause imbalances in sodium and phosphate, can lead to high calcium levels in the urine. A diet high in salt can also produce this effect.
Some of the common causes of Decreased cardiac output may include: 1  Mitral regurgitation. 2  Azotemia. 3  Hypotension. Cardiac tamponade.  Restrictive 1  cardiomyopathy. more causes...Â».
The cardiac output is simply the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. Necessarily, the cardiac output is the product of the heart rate, which is the number of beats per minute, and the stroke volume, which is amount pumped per beat.CO = HR X SV. The cardiac output is usually expressed in liters/minute.For someone weighing about 70 kg (154 lbs), the cardiac output at rest is about 5 liters/minute. In this case, if the heart rate is 70 beats/min, the stroke volume would be a little more than 70 ml/beat.But of course this changes dramatically as a person begins to exercise. For a typical, fit young person, the cardiac output might go up to about 20 liters/min at the peak of exercise.he cardiac output is usually expressed in liters/minute. For someone weighing about 70 kg (154 lbs), the cardiac output at rest is about 5 liters/minute. In this case, if the heart rate is 70 beats/min, the stroke volume would be a little more than 70 ml/beat.