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The majority of nephrons are cortical. Cortical nephrons have a shorter loop of Henle compared to juxtamedullary nephrons. The longer loop of Henle in juxtamedullary nephrons create a hyperosmolar gradient that allows for the creation of concentrated urine.ortical nephrons have their Loop of Henle in the renal medulla near its junction with the renal cortex, while the Loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons is located deep in the renal medulla; they are called juxtamedullary because their renal corpuscle is located near the medulla (but still in the cortex).
Nephrocalcinosis in Type I (distal) RTA. There is impaired H+ secretion because of H+/K+ pump dysnfunction in the intercalated cell. So there is acidemia (metabolic acidosis) with highly alkaline urine. The bone buffers the acid and releases calcium phosphate in blood. Tubular reabsoprtion of Calcium phosphate is therefore reduced. For this reason and the alkaline urine, stone formation is favorable.