Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). In people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed.Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs).n people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed. Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs).
Tonsil stones, which are known scientifically as âtonsillolithsâ, are discrete accumulations of hardened calcium, food debris, mucus and bacteria. Other various anaerobic sulfur compounds are also found in the stones.
Salivary duct stones are masses of crystallized minerals that form in the tubes that saliva passes through after itâs made in your salivary glands. This condition is also known as sialolithiasis, and the stone may be referred to as salivary duct calculus. These stones mainly occur in middle-aged adults.