1 When the gallstones travel out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts, they block the opening that drains bile and enzymes. The bile and enzymes back up into the pancreas and cause swelling.  Genetics may be a factor in some cases. Sometimes, the cause is not known.
An increased level of the cardiac protein isoform of troponin circulating in the blood has been shown to be a biomarker of heart disorders, the most important of which is myocardial infarction. Raised troponin levels indicate cardiac muscle cell death as the molecule is released into the blood upon injury to the heart.
In these resources, you will be assessed over: 1  Why someone would have elevated troponin levels even if they haven't had a heart attack. 2  The number of hours it takes for there to be troponins in the blood after a heart attack. 3  Type of molecule that a troponin is.  Amount of time it should take a lab to process a troponin test.