Excessive sodium: High urinary levels of sodium result in increased levels of calcium. Certain defects in the kidney tubules transport system, which cause imbalances in sodium and phosphate, can lead to high calcium levels in the urine. A diet high in salt can also produce this effect.
NCP Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac Output. Common causes of reduced cardiac output include myocardial infarction, hypertension, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary disease, arrhythmias, drug effects, fluid overload, decreased fluid volume, and electrolyte imbalance.
Because the mechanisms of cardiac-output-reserve (an increase in heart rate, blood volume, and cardiac contractility) are already a maximal use, there is a direct correlation with reduced exercise capacity.yperdynamic circulation. The cardiac effects of hyperthyroidism commonly cause increased preload with low systemic vascular resistance, a high heart rate, and increased cardiac muscle oxygen consumption. In the short term hyperthyroidism these effects result in an increased heart rate and high cardiac output.