The speech standard of the Ming and Qing empires was called Mandarin language by European missionaries, translating the Chinese name Guanhua (the language of the officials) for this speech standard, which was current already in the Ming Dynasty.
Producer gas is made by blowing air through an incandescent fuel bed (commonly coke or coal) in a gas producer. The reaction of fuel with insufficient air for total combustion produces carbon monoxide (CO); this reaction is exothermic and self-sustaining.
How a Central Gas Heating System Works Simply put, a central gas heating system creates a cycle of increasing the temperature of cooler air. Here is the simple version: 1.Burning propane or natural gas generates heat in the furnace's burner. 2.The heat produced passes through a heat exchanger, making it hot. 3.Air from the home's ductwork is blown over the heat exchanger, warming the air.