Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). In people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed.Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs).n people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed. Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs).
Tonsil stones, which are known scientifically as âtonsillolithsâ, are discrete accumulations of hardened calcium, food debris, mucus and bacteria. Other various anaerobic sulfur compounds are also found in the stones.
If so, you may have tonsil stones. Also called tonsilloliths, tonsil stones are debris lodged in the crevices of your tonsils. These little nuggets, which contribute to bad breath, have calcified or hardened. For some people, they cause sore throats and earaches.ost tonsil stones are found in adults, but children can also get them. Common symptoms include sore throat, earache, or the sensation of having something caught in your throat. You can also have tonsil stones without symptoms. Tonsil stones rarely interfere with breathing.