Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). In people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed.Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs).n people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed. Emphysema is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs).
Tonsil stones, which are known scientifically as âtonsillolithsâ, are discrete accumulations of hardened calcium, food debris, mucus and bacteria. Other various anaerobic sulfur compounds are also found in the stones.
What Causes Tonsil Stones? By Dr. Harold Katz - Bad Breath Expert. If you have bad breath (halitosis) and the uncontrollable urge to clear your throat, you may have tonsil stones (also called tonsilloliths). Tonsil stones are not a sign of poor hygiene or poor oral health practices. Tonsil stones are hardened white or yellow globules that form inside pockets/crevices (crypts) on the surface of the tonsils, located in the back of the mouth directly behind your lower molars or wisdom teeth.