The second guna is rajas, that is the stage when man starts the active process of self-development, transcends dumb primitiveness, grows as a warrior, and then as a leader, organizer of other people. The third guna is sattva, that is purity, harmony, bliss, happiness.
Villi also help the food to move along the digestive tract. Food takes three to six hours to move through the small intestine. The small intestine has three parts, the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
Villi have cells that produce intestinal enzymes which complete the digestion of peptides and sugars. The absorption process also occurs in the small intestine. Food has been broken down into particles small enough to pass into the small intestine.