In medicine, the BUN-to-creatinine ratio is the ratio of two serum laboratory values, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (mg/dL) and serum creatinine (mg/dL) (Cr).he normal range of urea nitrogen in blood or serum is 5 to 20 mg/dl, or 1.8 to 7.1 mmol urea per liter. The range is wide because of normal variations due to protein intake, endogenous protein catabolism, state of hydration, hepatic urea synthesis, and renal urea excretion.
The two most common types of asexual reproductive spores produced by molds are conidiospores and sporangiospores. Conidiospores are borne externally in chains on an aerial hypha called a conidiophore (see Fig.he two most common types of asexual reproductive spores produced by molds are conidiospores and sporangiospores. Conidiospores are borne externally in chains on an aerial hypha called a conidiophore (see Fig.
1. Morphologically fungi are unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (hyphae). Some fungi can alternate between the two forms (dimorphic fungi). 2. Hyphae are branching, threadlike, tubular filaments that either lack cross walls (coenocytic) or have cross walls (septate). 3. Hyphae reproduce asexually via the formation of spores termed microconidia or macroconidia. 4. Fungi produce toxins such as ergot alkaloids, psychotropic agents and aflatoxins. 5. Visualization of fungi in human tissue is accomplished by treatment with 10% KOH and staining with lactophenol cotton blue,