1 When the gallstones travel out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts, they block the opening that drains bile and enzymes. The bile and enzymes back up into the pancreas and cause swelling.  Genetics may be a factor in some cases. Sometimes, the cause is not known.
An increased level of the cardiac protein isoform of troponin circulating in the blood has been shown to be a biomarker of heart disorders, the most important of which is myocardial infarction. Raised troponin levels indicate cardiac muscle cell death as the molecule is released into the blood upon injury to the heart.
1 The erythropoietin hormone level can be detected and measured in the blood (the EPO test). 2  Measurement of the blood erythropoietin level can be used to detect certain medical conditions. 3  Erythropoietin can be synthesized and used as a treatment of some forms of anemia.