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It is differentiated from acute kidney disease in that the reduction in kidney function must be present for over 3 months. Chronic kidney disease is identified by a blood test for creatinine, which is a breakdown product of muscle metabolism. Higher levels of creatinine indicate a lower glomerular filtration rate and as a result a decreased capability of the kidneys to excrete waste products.
The final stage of CKD is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At this stage, the kidneys are no longer able to remove enough wastes and excess fluids from the body. At this point, you would need dialysis or a kidney transplant. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the 2 most common causes and account for most cases. Many other diseases and conditions can damage the kidneys, including: 1  Autoimmune disorders (such as systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma)  Birth defects of the kidneys (such as polycystic kidney disease)