If the virus becomes active after being latent, it causes the disorder known as shingles, or herpes zoster. The virus spreads in the ganglion and to the nerves connecting to it. Nerves most often affected are those in the face or the trunk. The virus can also spread to the spinal cord and into the bloodstream.
About this Procedure. The sniff test is a fluoroscopic exam used to check how the diaphragm (the muscle that controls breathing) moves during activities such as breathing normally and inhaling rapidly. Your diaphragm normally moves down when you inhale, and up when you exhale.
Alternate methods of direct arthrography examinations may also use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) following contrast material injection into the joint. An x-ray (radiograph) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. Direct arthrography is particularly effective for detecting disease of the structures within the joints such as ligaments, tendons and cartilage. 2  This is particularly true for the shoulder in the setting of shoulder dislocation and in the hip, wrist and elbow.