Antrochoanal polyps arise from the maxillary sinuses and are the much less common; ethmoidal polyps arise from the ethmoidal sinuses. Symptoms of polyps include nasal congestion, sinusitis, anosmia (loss of smell), and secondary infection leading to headache.
Relationship of internal jugular vein to the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). Spinal accessory nerve (SAN) posterior to the internal jugular vein. As the nerve approaches the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), it may perforate the cleidomastoid portion of the SCM (80%) or run posterior to it (20%).
meninges; spinal cord; medulla (dorsal motor nucleus of cranial nerve X, nucleus ambiguus, spinal accessory nucleus and hypoglossal nucleus) the anterior spinal a. anastomoses with the anterior radicular brs. of the spinal rami of the vertebral, posterior intercostal, subcostal, lumbar and lateral sacral aa.