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Respiratory System. The oxygen exchange in the lungs takes place across the membranes of small balloon-like structures called alveoli attached to the branches of the bronchial passages.These alveoli inflate and deflate with inhalation and exhalation. The behavior of the alveoli is largely dictated by LaPlace's law and surface tension.It takes some effort to breathe in because these tiny balloons must be inflated, but the elastic recoil of the tiny balloons assists us in the process of exhalation.his fluid, called a surfactant, lowers the surface tension of the balloon-like alveoli by about a factor of 15 compared to the normal mucous tissue fluid in which they are immersed.
The alveolar sacs consist of many alveoli and are composed of a single layer of epithelial tissue. There are about 700 million alveoli in the adult lung. The average, healthy adult lungs hold about 13 to 13.5 pints of air (about six liters). The alveoli are considered the functional unit of the lung. In the spaces between the alveoli of the lungs is elastic connective tissue which is important for exhalation. The alveoli are surrounded by a network of pulmonary capillaries.