Gases are constantly consumed and produced by cellular and metabolic reactions in most living things, so an efficient system for gas exchange between, ultimately, the interior of the cell(s) and the external environment is required. Small, particularly unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, have a high surface-area to volume ratio.
Polyploid. (genetics) an organism or cell having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes.Of a cell or organism having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes; a polyploid cell; a polyploid species .Organisms that possess two sets of each chromosome.
autopolyploid organisms are organisms in which the number of chromosomes doubles, triples etc. An allopolyploid organism is an organism formed from the adding of genomes from different organisms - a common example is wheat, which formed from the uniting of 3 different species there you have it short and sweet. Autopolyploidy.