âFrance was the most active of the European colonial powers in attempting to maintain a sphere of influence amongst its former territories.â âThis province was a German sphere of influence and Germany dominated the rail lines, factories and coal mines that existed in Shantung.â
Malaria is an infection caused by single-celled parasites that enter the blood through the bite of an Anopheles mosquito. These parasites, called plasmodia, belong to at least five species. Most human infections are caused by either Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax.
Malaria is a major world health problem. It results from infection of parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cause the major human malarias, with P falciparum being the more virulent. During their blood stages of infection, both P falciparum and P vivax induce anemia.Severe malarial anemia caused by P falciparum is responsible for approximately a third of the deaths associated with disease. strength of the model is that it mimics human malaria anemia where low parasitemias are seen concomitant with severe anemia through the duration of infection. The disadvantage is that the time needed to generate semi-immune mice requires 5 or more months with constant injections of parasites and drug combinations.