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Like all good sunshades, the umbrellas in our skin are darkly colored. The dark pigment in our skin, called melanin, is typically black or brown. This protein is produced by special cells, called melanocytes, which are located in the lowest level of our epidermis (the surface layer of our skin, Figure 1). 1  MANUFACTURING MELANIN (Figure 1): Melanin is the pigment primarily responsible for our skin color. Melanin is produced in special cells, called melanocytes, located in the lower layer of our epidermis (the surface layer of our skin). Melanocytes themselves are not the umbrellas of our skin. They merely produce the melanin for our skin, in the form of tiny granules called melanosomes.
Variation in genes and skin color. One gene responsible for the production of melanin pigment is SLC24A5. It is found that there are two variations of SLC24A5: 1) One variation is with the amino acid called threonine, which is responsible for the light color of the skin.he pigment that gives color to your skin is melanin. It is also responsible for the color of your eyes. Melanin protects our skin from harmful ultraviolet radiation of the sun by absorbing the rays. More melanin pigment is produced by people with dark skin as compared to light skinned persons.