By averaging all 6 values, we can estimate that an average European Swallow flies at cruising speed with a frequency of roughly 15 beats per. second, and an amplitude of roughly 22 cm. Last monthâs article on The Strouhal Number in Cruising Flight showed how simplified flight waveforms that graph amplitude versus.
In the anteroposterior direction, the curvature is referred to as kyphosis (increased posterior convexity of the spine) or lordosis (increased posterior concavity of the spine). Most scoliosis also has a rotational component. Conventional radiographs (x-rays) are an excellent means for assessing scoliosis.ospital for Special Surgery. Spinal malalignment-Scoliosis and Listhesis. Scoliosis refers to abnormal curvature of the spine. Scoliosis may result from various structural causes, although the most common form of scoliosis is called idiopathic scoliosis, which has no known cause.
A normal healthy cervical spine has a slight lordotic curve and it is anatomically important to bear the weight of head. Loss of cervical lordosis can result in straightening of cervical spine or in severe cases it can reverse the curve. The condition is also called cervical kyphosis.Loss of cervical lordosis can result in pain and stiffness in neck. Injury to cervical spine may also lead to loss of cervical lordosis. 2  A whiplash while driving motor vehicle, direct trauma on the neck can all contribute to muscle spasm and loss of curvature of cervical spine. 3  Osteoporosis is another important factor that may cause abnormality in cervical spine curvature.