Assigning oxygenated hemoglobin's oxidation state is difficult because oxyhemoglobin (Hb-O2), by experimental measurement, is diamagnetic (no net unpaired electrons), yet the lowest-energy (ground-state) electron configurations in both oxygen and iron are paramagnetic (suggesting at least one unpaired electron in the complex).
Assault is a tort, and means, in common law, that someone did wrong to another person. Under tort law, it is a civil action, but is also considered a criminal act. For our purposes, we will focus on the tort of assault. There are two parties to an assault, the plaintiff, who is the injured party, and the defendant, or tortfeasor who committed the assault.
Domestic assault and battery is the same act statutorily as regular assault and battery. Assault and battery are two separate acts, although they are very similar. Assault refers to a threat of violence, as opposed to battery which refers to unlawful physical contact with the intent to cause injury, harm, or pain. Though the acts are distinct, Massachusetts police officers have the right to arrest someone for assault and battery even if there was no physical harm.