T. aquaticus is a bacterium that lives in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, and Taq polymerase was identified as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR. Therefore, it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. coli originally used in PCR. Taq's optimum temperature for activity is 75â80 Â°C, with a half-life of greater than 2 hours at 92.5 Â°C, 40 minutes at 95 Â°C and 9 minutes at 97.5 Â°C, and can replicate a 1000 base pair strand of DNA in less than 10 seconds at 72 Â°C.
Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides and are the building blocks of sucrose, a disaccharide. Thus, disaccharides are just a pair of linked sugar molecules. They are formed when two monosaccharides are joined together and a molecule of water is removed -- a dehydration reaction.
Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. Sucrose contains no free anomeric carbon atom; the anomeric carbon atoms of the two hexoses are linked to each other. Therefore sucrose is not a reducing sugar. Maltose is a disaccharide of two glucose. The first glucose residue cannot undergo oxidation, but the second one can, because it has a free anomeric carbon atom (A free anomeric carbon atom is reactive). Maltose is a reducing sugar.