An account of the structure of plants naturally begins with the cell which is the proximate unit of organic structure. The elementary unit of plant structure, as of animal structure, is the cell. Faunistically, although not geographically, the Nearctic and Palaearctic areas must form the two subdivisions of one great unit, for which the  Holarctic region  is now the generally accepted term.
Definition: a subclass considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista in some classifications; includes holozoic or saprozoic flagellates.
The flagella of a unique group of bacteria, the spirochaetes, are found between two membranes in the periplasmic space. They have a distinctive helical body that twists about as it moves.