The low values (23 to 30 dynes/cm) result in easy wetting of most materials, which is helpful for. lubricity and other properties. Electrical Properties. The typical volume resistivity of Halocarbon oil is in the range. of 1013 to 1014 ohm-cm. The dielectric constant is quite low.
As you may notice, they can form ions by either losing or gaining electron in 4s orbital. In the chemistry of the transition elements, the 4s orbital behaves as the outermost, highest energy orbital. When these metals form ions, the 4s electrons are always lost first, leading to a positive charge on ion. Gaining any electron in 4s orbital would decrease the stability of anion thus formed. So, they form only cations (positive ions) .
Covalent bonding takes place when the atoms occurs because the atoms in the compound have a similar ability to gain and lose ions. So, ionic bonds may form between metals and nonmetals while, covalent bonds form between two nonmetals. Ionic bonds can also be dissolved in water and other types of polar solvents. Also, ionic compounds are very good conductors of electricity.