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Within eukaryotes, DNA replication is controlled within the context of the cell cycle. As the cell grows and divides, it progresses through stages in the cell cycle; DNA replication takes place during the S phase (synthesis phase).
These two chromosomes are independent but very similar, and are termed homologues of each other. DNA replication occurs in the same fashion as it does during mitosis. After replication, the homologues are doubled, and each chromosome now has a homologous pair. Figure %: DNA replication.