T. aquaticus is a bacterium that lives in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, and Taq polymerase was identified as an enzyme able to withstand the protein-denaturing conditions (high temperature) required during PCR. Therefore, it replaced the DNA polymerase from E. coli originally used in PCR. Taq's optimum temperature for activity is 75â80 Â°C, with a half-life of greater than 2 hours at 92.5 Â°C, 40 minutes at 95 Â°C and 9 minutes at 97.5 Â°C, and can replicate a 1000 base pair strand of DNA in less than 10 seconds at 72 Â°C.
Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides and are the building blocks of sucrose, a disaccharide. Thus, disaccharides are just a pair of linked sugar molecules. They are formed when two monosaccharides are joined together and a molecule of water is removed -- a dehydration reaction.
A common disaccharide is lactose, which is found only in milk. Lactose is formed from monosaccharides Î² -D-galactose and Î² -D-glucose. The anomeric carbon of the Î² -D-galactose molecule reacts with the C-4 hydroxyl group of the Î² -D-glucose molecule to form the glycosidic bond (see Figure 1).ucrose, or table sugar, is the most common disaccharide. Although the term sugar is commonly used to refer to sucrose, sucrose is only one of a large group of sugars. Disaccharides are carbohydrates containing two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond.