Gases are constantly consumed and produced by cellular and metabolic reactions in most living things, so an efficient system for gas exchange between, ultimately, the interior of the cell(s) and the external environment is required. Small, particularly unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, have a high surface-area to volume ratio.
Polyploid. (genetics) an organism or cell having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes.Of a cell or organism having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes; a polyploid cell; a polyploid species .Organisms that possess two sets of each chromosome.
here i used example as, plolygenic genes to explain polygenic. one of a group of nonallelic genes that together control a quantitative characteristic in an organism. in other words mean: a group of genes, that determines a number of characeristics of an organism= its phenotype. (phenotype= appearance i.e blue eyes, blond hair)