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Determining Taxable Amount. If your base income exceeds the limit for your filing group, you'll have to pay taxes on some of your Social Security benefits. If you're a single filer and your base income is between $25,000 and $34,000, you'll have to pay tax on up to 50 percent of your Social Security benefits.
FICA withholding is calculated based upon an established taxation rate. For 2012, the rate of Social Security withholding was 4.2 percent up to a limit of $4,624.20. Medicare withholding was 1.45 percent. The base amount of income taxable for FICA is referred to as the Social Security wage base. For 2012, the base was $110,100, as stated by the Social Security Administration. The increase of average national wages results in an increase of the Social Security wage base.