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Respiratory System. The oxygen exchange in the lungs takes place across the membranes of small balloon-like structures called alveoli attached to the branches of the bronchial passages.These alveoli inflate and deflate with inhalation and exhalation. The behavior of the alveoli is largely dictated by LaPlace's law and surface tension.It takes some effort to breathe in because these tiny balloons must be inflated, but the elastic recoil of the tiny balloons assists us in the process of exhalation.his fluid, called a surfactant, lowers the surface tension of the balloon-like alveoli by about a factor of 15 compared to the normal mucous tissue fluid in which they are immersed.
1 Describe the changes in the type of epithelium throughout the respiratory system. 2  Explain how the structure of different segments of the respiratory airways reflect the functional roles that these airways play in air movement and gas exchange.espiratory bronchioles also have cuboidal epithelia, but contain some alveoli. Alveolar Sac and Alveolus: An alveolar sac contains many alveoli. Type I and Type II Pneumocyte: Type I pneumocytes are squamous cells that support gas exchange; type II pneumocytes are cuboidal and create pulmonary surfactant.