Assigning oxygenated hemoglobin's oxidation state is difficult because oxyhemoglobin (Hb-O2), by experimental measurement, is diamagnetic (no net unpaired electrons), yet the lowest-energy (ground-state) electron configurations in both oxygen and iron are paramagnetic (suggesting at least one unpaired electron in the complex).
Assault is a tort, and means, in common law, that someone did wrong to another person. Under tort law, it is a civil action, but is also considered a criminal act. For our purposes, we will focus on the tort of assault. There are two parties to an assault, the plaintiff, who is the injured party, and the defendant, or tortfeasor who committed the assault.
Download article as a PDF. Aggravated assault is an assault which criminal laws punish more severely due to its seriousness. Factors which raise an assault to an aggravated assault typically include the use of a weapon, the status of the victim, the intent of the perpetrator, and the degree of injury caused. Assaults that happen in the victim's home can also qualify as an aggravated assault.