A company that earns a return on equity in excess of its cost of equity capital has added value. (For more on ROE, read Keep Your Eyes On The ROE .). Calculating the Cost of Equity The cost of equity can be a bit tricky to calculate as share capital carries no explicit cost. Unlike debt, which the company must pay in the form of predetermined interest, equity does not have a concrete price that the company must pay, but that doesn't mean no cost of equity exists.
Boltzmann's constant, also called the Boltzmann constant and symbolized k or k B, defines the relation between absolute temperature and the kinetic energy contained in each molecule of an ideal gas.he value of Boltzmann's constant is approximately 1.3807 x 10 -23 joule s per kelvin (J Â· K -1).
Force constant mainly means spring constant in physics, which ultimately refers to Hooke's law Hooke's law is a principle of physics that states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance X is proportional to that distance. That is: F = kX, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring: its stiffness, and X is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.