Sperm penetration tests check to see whether a man's sperm can move through cervical mucus and the fallopian tubes to join with (fertilize) an egg. This test is usually done when a couple is having trouble becoming pregnant (infertility). There are different sperm penetration tests.
The idea that a boundary is shifting can be applied to different areas. A shifting frontier of science would be referring to the fact that science is always changing and growing, and always with new areas. In wartime, a shifting frontier would be an international border which is constantly being renegotiated.
Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture or a cultivation system, in which, at any particular point in time, a minority of 'fields' are in cultivation and a majority are in various stages of natural re-growth.