The 2016 Academy Awards Could Change Everything â UPDATE. BEVERLY HILLS, CA - JANUARY 10: Actor Leonardo DiCaprio, winner of Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama for 'The Revenant,' poses in the press room during the 73rd Annual Golden Globe Awards held at the Beverly Hilton Hotel on January 10, 2016 in Beverly Hills, California.
The VigenÃ¨re Cipher. The VigenÃ¨re cipher, was invented by a Frenchman, Blaise de VigenÃ¨re in the 16th century. It is a polyalphabetic cipher because it uses two or more cipher alphabets to encrypt the data. In other words, the letters in the VigenÃ¨re cipher are shifted by different amounts, normally done using a word or phrase as the encryption key .
Ehrsam, Meyer, Smith and Tuchman invented the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode of operation in 1976. In CBC mode, each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted.This way, each ciphertext block depends on all plaintext blocks processed up to that point.To make each message unique, an initialization vector must be used in the first block.FB shares two advantages over CBC mode with the stream cipher modes OFB and CTR: the block cipher is only ever used in the encrypting direction, and the message does not need to be padded to a multiple of the cipher block size (though ciphertext stealing can also be used to make padding unnecessary).