Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses; and advocacy in health care for individuals, families, communities, and populations. â American Nurses Association.
Behaviorism as a movement in psychology appeared in 1913 when John Broadus Watson published the classic article psychology as the behaviorist views it. John Watson proposed that the process of classical conditioning (based on Pavlovâs observations) was able to explain all aspects of human psychology. Everything from speech to emotional responses were simply patterns of stimulus and response. Watson denied completely the existence of the mind or consciousness.
Whereas classical conditioning depends on developing associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of our behavior. Skinner wasnât the first psychologist to study learning by consequences.Indeed, Skinner's theory of operant conditioning is built on the ideas of Edward Thorndike. Thorndike (1898) studied learning in animals (usually cats).He devised a classic experiment in which he used a puzzle box (see fig. 1) to empirically test the laws of learning.hereas classical conditioning depends on developing associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from the consequences of our behavior. Skinner wasnât the first psychologist to study learning by consequences.