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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a fistula between the pleural space and the lung. It can develop following pneumonectomy, post traumatically, or with certain types of infection. It may also develop when large airways are in communication with the pleural space following a large pneumothorax or other loss of pleural negative pressure, especially during positive pressure mechanical ventilation. On imaging, the diagnosis is suspected indirectly on radiograph.
Ideally, when permanent dialysis access is required, an arteriovenous hemodialysis fistula is created or a prosthetic arteriovenous graft is placed. Once the fistula or graft can be used reliably, the catheter is removed. (See Maturation and evaluation of the newly created hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula.) The basic aspects of dialysis access catheters and their complications will be reviewed here.