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Ozone forms readily in the stratosphere as incoming ultraviolet radiation breaks molecular oxygen (two atoms) into atomic oxygen (a single atom). In that process, oxygen absorbs much of the ultraviolet radiation and prevents it from reaching the Earthâs surface where we live.
Atoms consist of a nucleus of neutrons and protons with a set number of electrons zooming around them. Molecules form when atomsâ electron orbitals overlap and effectively hold the atoms together. What you get when you mix all your atoms, Tuckerman says, will be influenced by whatâs close to what. Oxygen, for example, is very reactive, and if it is closest to hydrogen, it will make hydroxide. If it is nearest to carbon, it will make carbon monoxide. âThat random reactive nature applies to pretty much all elements,â Tuckerman says.