Motor skills for 4-year-olds. 1  jumps up and touches line 3 inches above standing reach. 2  hops forward on one foot. 3  uses an overhand toss to hit a target from 5 feet.  throws small ball underhand 10 1  feet. can use a fork and a spoon.  pedals a 1  tricycle. able to handle going up and down stairs fairly well without  help.
Definition of Indirect Measurement. Indirect measurement is a technique that uses proportions to find a measurement when direct measurement is not possible. The length of a pole in a picture is given as 4 inches. The scale of the picture is given to be 1 inch : 13 inches. By setting up a proportion, the length n of the actual pole can be found.
More light is absorbed when more cells are present-some people like this measure better because absorbance goes up as turbidity (or cell number) goes up. Another indirect way of estimating bacterial numbers is measuring the metabolic activity of the population (for example, acid production or oxygen consumption). For filamentous organisms such as fungi, measuring dry weight is a convenient method of growth measurement.