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By Mayo Clinic Staff. Hyponatremia is a condition that occurs when the level of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps regulate the amount of water that's in and around your cells. In hyponatremia, one or more factors â ranging from an underlying medical condition to drinking too much water during endurance sports â causes the sodium in your body to become diluted. When this happens, your body's water levels rise, and your cells begin to swell. This swelling can cause many health problems, from mild to life-threatening. Hyponatremia treatment is aimed at resolving the underlying condition.
The body maintains a specific concentration of sodium in the body. The causes of low sodium in the body could be dietary, due to medications, or serious diseases. A very low level of sodium in the body is known as hyponatremia and it is can cause serious health problems. Low sodium levels can result due to fluid loss from the body or due to excessive water intake, thereby diluting the concentration of sodium.