4.2a Serotonin. Even though increased dopamine in the brain reward system is generally thought to be the final common pathway for the reinforcing properties of drugs, other neurotransmitters such as serotonin are involved in the modulation of both drug self-administration and dopamine levels.ike other drugs of abuse, stimulants increase dopamine concentrations in the brain reward pathway (1,2,3,4,7). Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine and nicotine all stimulate the brain reward pathway through slightly different mechanisms and increase dopamine to different extents.
1 Gout is a form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream. 2  The symptoms of gout are due to the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints. 3  Gout most commonly affects the joint in the base of the big toe.4  Gout attacks often occur without warning in the middle of the night.ore detail and supporting information is in the main article. 1  Gout is a form of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the bloodstream. 2  The symptoms of gout are due to the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints.
What are causes of gout?   Gout is the direct result of excess uric acid in the blood. when the liver is unable to remove enough of it, uric acid forms sharp pointy crystals that settle usually i â¦ n the joints of the extremity's Usually starting with the big toe and cause severe inflammation and pain in the joints.aking the world better, one answer at a time. I was diagnosed with gout last week with my first horribly painful attack on a toe on my left foot. It has been about 7 days since the attack first came about. The itching on that one toe has been intense for the last day.