The following are the most common symptoms of a Chiari malformation. 1  However, each child may experience symptoms differently. In infants and older children born with this condition, symptoms may include: 2  Headaches. 3  Stiffness or pain in the neck or back of the head area. 4  Poor feeding and swallowing. 5  Decreased strength in the arms.
A buffer solution (more precisely, pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer) is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa.
a substance or group of substances that tends to control the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution by reacting with hydrogen ions of an acid added to the system and releasing hydrogen ions to a base added to the system. Buffers minimize significant changes of pH in a chemical system.