There are two ways of finding the root of a phylogenetic tree. The first is to include one or more sequences in the data set that are known to lie outside the diversity of the sequences of interest. These sequences are usually referred to as the 'outgroup'.For example, in the trees above, the pair of tips labelled 'virus9' and 'virus10' could be the outgroup allowing us to root the tree at the red circle.hese sequences are usually referred to as the 'outgroup'. For example, in the trees above, the pair of tips labelled 'virus9' and 'virus10' could be the outgroup allowing us to root the tree at the red circle.
The origin of the prefix anti- and its variant ant- is an ancient Greek word which meant âagainstâ or âopposite.â These prefixes appear in numerous English vocabulary words, such as antifreeze, antidote, antonym, and antacid.
Mitigate, whose central meaning is âto lessenâ or âto make less severe,â is sometimes confused with militate, which means âto have effect or influence; weigh on.â This mix-up often occurs in the use of the phrase mitigate against, as follows: This criticism in no way mitigates (read militates) against your going ahead with your research. Although this use of mitigate occasionally occurs in edited writing, it is rare and is widely regarded as an error.