What are five ways in which the president as legislative leader can influence congressional legislation? The president can enforce the laws, sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, create diplomacy with other nations, extend pardons and clemencies for fede â¦ ral crimes, and give to the Congress information of the State of the Union.
Hiccups are a sudden, involuntary contraction of the diaphragm muscle. In general hiccups are just a temporary condition. Some of the causes of hiccups include. certain medications, surgery, eating or drinking too much, spicy foods, diseases or conditions that irritate the nerves controlling the diaphragm,
Patient Comments Read 18 Comments Share Your Story. Hiccups are sudden, involuntary contractions of the diaphragm muscle. As the muscle contracts repeatedly, the opening between the vocal cords snaps shut to check the inflow of air and makes the hiccup sound. Irritation of the nerves that extend from the neck to the chest can cause hiccups. Although associated with a variety of ailments (some can be serious such as pneumonia or when harmful substances build up in the blood for example from kidney failure), hiccups are not serious and have no clear reason for occurring.