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A carboxyl group consists of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to a-OH group. Compounds with carboxyl groups are called carboxylic acids or organic acids. The carboxyl group can act as an acid when by donating a proton (H +) to a solution and becoming ionized.
Ketones and Aldehydes. The carbonyl group is of central importance in organic chemistry because of its ubiquity. Without studying the carbonyl group in depth we have already encountered numerous examples of this functional. group (ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acid chlorides, etc). The simplest carbonyl compounds are aldehydes and ketones. A ketone has two alkyl (or aryl) groups bonded to the carbonyl carbon.