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A carboxyl group consists of a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to a-OH group. Compounds with carboxyl groups are called carboxylic acids or organic acids. The carboxyl group can act as an acid when by donating a proton (H +) to a solution and becoming ionized.
Functional groups are specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules. They are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Functional groups are attached to the carbon backbone of organic molecules. They determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of molecules. The same functional group undergoes the same chemical reactions regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. Functional groups are less stable than the carbon backbone. They are more likely to take part in chemical reactions.