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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a fistula between the pleural space and the lung. It can develop following pneumonectomy, post traumatically, or with certain types of infection. It may also develop when large airways are in communication with the pleural space following a large pneumothorax or other loss of pleural negative pressure, especially during positive pressure mechanical ventilation. On imaging, the diagnosis is suspected indirectly on radiograph.
Dialysis Fistulas - Overview. 1  Hemodialysis fistulas are surgically created communications between the native artery and vein in an extremity. 2  Many patients who are not candidates for renal transplantation or those for whom a compatible donor cannot be secured are dependent on hemodialysis for their lifetime.