Virtue ethics is based on the consequences of actions, whereas principle-based ethics is based on character traits. c. Virtue ethics is based on set of rules, whereas principle-based ethics is based on consequences of actions.
The atomic radius of a chemical element is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. Since the boundary is not a well-defined physical entity, there are various non-equivalent definitions of atomic radius.
The Size of Atoms. The size of atoms can be estimated with the use of Avogadro's number along with the atomic mass and bulk density of a solid material. From these, the volume per atom can be determined. The cube root of the volume is an estimate of the diameter of the atom. For carbon, the molar mass is exactly 12, and the density is about 2 gm/cm^3. The estimated volume is then. and the estimate of the carbon atomic diameter is the cube root of that. This estimate is a bit small. It can be refined somewhat by considering the atoms to be spheres and packing them in different ways.