Ion irradiation is routinely used to implant impurities atoms into materials, especially semiconductors, to modify their properties. This process, usually known as ion implantation, is an important step in the manufacture of silicon integrated circuits.
Pulse oximetry is a procedure used to measure the oxygen level (or oxygen saturation) in the blood. It is considered to be a noninvasive, painless, general indicator of oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues (such as the finger, earlobe, or nose).
Hypoxemia is defined as insufficient oxygenation of the blood. Pulse oximetry is a simple, transcutaneous non-invasive method of measuring and monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin (Hb) which is saturated with oxygen, that is, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the arterial blood. The pulse.