1 Religious exemption. 2  ACA-compliant plan to be too expensive. 3  This exemption is valid automatically exempt from the penalty. 4  But if youâre in a state that has expanded Medicaid, youâre probably eligible for free coverage).
Oropharyngeal dysphagia can result from abnormal functioning of the nerves and muscles of the mouth, pharynx (back of the throat) and upper esophageal sphincter (muscle at the top end of the swallowing tube). Diseases that involve the swallowing tube (esophagus) can cause esophageal dysphagia.
Within 3 days of stroke, 42â67% of patients present with oropharyngeal dysphagiaâmaking stroke the leading cause of dysphagia. Among these patients, 50% aspirate and one-third develop pneumonia that requires treatment [4]. The severity of the dysphagia tends to be associated with the severity of the stroke. Dysphagia screening in stroke patients is critical in order to prevent adverse outcomes related to aspiration and inadequate hydration/nutrition [5]. Up to 50% of Parkinson patients show some symptoms consistent with oropharyngeal dysphagia, and up to 95% are found to have abnormalities on video esophagography [6,7].