Several popes attempted to improve navigation on the Tiber in the 17th and 18th century, with extensive dredging continuing into the 19th century. Trade was boosted for a while but by the 20th century silting had resulted in the river only being navigable as far as Rome itself. The Tiber was once known for its floods â the Campus Martius is a flood plain and would regularly flood to a depth of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in).
Franz Mesmer started the idea that there is a state similar to sleep that people can experience in more controlled settings. Mesmerism was named after him, and psychologists like James Braid and Freud expanded on his ideas with some more closer to legitimate scientific evidence to develop his ideas into hypnosis.
Famous Psychologists: Albert Ellis. Albert Ellis is considered by many to be the grandfather of cognitive-behavioral therapies. He is recognized as being one of the most influential psychotherapists in history. Ellis founded the Albert Ellis Institute. Albert Ellis: Albert Ellis (September 27, 1913 - July 2007) is an American cognitive behavioral therapist who in 1955 developed Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT). The following has been adapted from the Wikipedia website. Ellis was born to a Jewish family in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.