For example, the cost of a CT scanner can be as low as $65,000 for a refurbished one that produces only small images quickly. A larger and brand new CT scanner can run as high as $2.5 million.Prices are slightly higher for MRI machines, running up to about $3 million for a new machine.Ultrasound machines are much cheaper at $10,000-$200,000, depending on brand and type. larger and brand new CT scanner can run as high as $2.5 million. Prices are slightly higher for MRI machines, running up to about $3 million for a new machine. Ultrasound machines are much cheaper at $10,000-$200,000, depending on brand and type.
1 This law helps define the notion of temperature. 2  First law of thermodynamics: When energy passes, as work, as heat, or with matter, into or out from a system, its internal energy changes in accord with the law of conservation of energy. 3  Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics The content and the pictures are from the text book: Ãengel, Y. A. and Boles, M. A., âThermodynamics: An Engineering Approach,â McGraw-Hill, New York, 6th Ed., 2008 Objectives â¢ Introduce the second law of thermodynamics. â¢ Identify valid processes as those that satisfy both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. â¢ Discuss thermal energy reservoirs, reversible and irreversible processes, heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps. â¢ Describe the KelvinâPlanck and Clausius statements of the second law of thermodynamics. â¢ Discuss the concepts of perpetual-motion machines. â¢ Apply the second law of thermodynamics to cycles and cyclic devices. â¢ Apply the second law to develop the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. â¢ Describe the Carnot cycle.