How do genes direct the production of proteins? Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
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How Nuclear Energy Plants Work. As with coal, oil, or gas-fueled plants, nuclear power plants use heat and steam to generate power. Nuclear energy is created from the splitting of uranium atoms in a process called fission. Fission releases energy that can be used to make steam, and the steam is used to power a turbine to generate electricity.