Several popes attempted to improve navigation on the Tiber in the 17th and 18th century, with extensive dredging continuing into the 19th century. Trade was boosted for a while but by the 20th century silting had resulted in the river only being navigable as far as Rome itself. The Tiber was once known for its floods â the Campus Martius is a flood plain and would regularly flood to a depth of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in).
Franz Anton Mesmer. The modern era of hypnosis and hypnotherapy really begins with Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the Viennese physician who left the word âmesmerismâ to posterity. For various reasons, he also gave hypnosis the rather unsalubrious reputation that still persists in some quarters today.
zoom_in. Martin E.P. Seligman, the psychologist who conceptualized and developed the theory of learned â¦Dutch HeightâKlaas Fopma/Redux. The theory of learned helplessness was conceptualized and developed by American psychologist Martin E.P. Seligman at the University of Pennsylvania in the late 1960s and â70s.