Many of the problems the company experienced are typical of an organisation adopting a production orientation in its marketing strategy. In particular, low-cost mass production is very easy to replicate by new market entrants and Ford was almost put out of business by intense competition from General Motors.
A painting of a hag. A hag is a wizened old woman, or a kind of fairy or goddess having the appearance of such a woman, often found in folklore and children's tales such as Hansel and Gretel.
Hapag-Lloyd is a German transportation company comprising a cargo container shipping line, Hapag-Lloyd AG, which in turn owned other subsidiaries such as Hapag-Lloyd Cruises. Hapag-Lloyd AG is the world's fifth largest container carrier in terms of vessel capacity. The company was formed in 1970 as a merger of two 19th-century companies, Hapag, which dated from 1847, and Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) or North German Lloyd (NGL), which was formed in 1856.