While the t-test is used to compare the means between two groups, ANOVA is used to compare means between 3 or more groups. There are several varieties of ANOVA, such as one-factor (or one-way) ANOVA, two-factor (or two-way) ANOVA, and so on, and also repeated measures ANOVA.
If you recall, CN VII is responsible for taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Well, it's the glossopharyngeal nerve, also known as cranial nerve IX, that is the nerve responsible for the sensation of taste in the posterior one-third of the tongue. In addition, cranial nerve IX is a nerve that innervates one of the three major salivary glands, called the parotid gland.
Both the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves (CN IX and X) have taste and somatic sensory functions that are not routinely examined. However, the taste function in the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) can be examined if there is suspicion of damage to the nerve (vagus nerve taste function cannot be tested).