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A bunion (hallux valgus) is an enlargement of the bone or tissue around a joint at the base of the big toe or at the base of the little toe (in which case it is called a bunionette or tailor's bunion). Bunions often occur when the joint is stressed over a prolonged period.
Bunion surgery may involve: 1  A simple bone shaving if the bunion is small, with minimal pain. 2  Cutting the foot bone and then shaving the bump. This kind of bunion surgery is more common, especially for severe bunions that cause you a lot of pain. The surgeon will cut your foot bone, adjust it back to the correct position, and secure it with screws, pins, or wires. Then the surgeon will shave the bump.