Several popes attempted to improve navigation on the Tiber in the 17th and 18th century, with extensive dredging continuing into the 19th century. Trade was boosted for a while but by the 20th century silting had resulted in the river only being navigable as far as Rome itself. The Tiber was once known for its floods â the Campus Martius is a flood plain and would regularly flood to a depth of 2 metres (6 ft 7 in).
Franz Anton Mesmer. The modern era of hypnosis and hypnotherapy really begins with Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the Viennese physician who left the word âmesmerismâ to posterity. For various reasons, he also gave hypnosis the rather unsalubrious reputation that still persists in some quarters today.
Best Answer: The stethoscope was invented by the French physician R.T.H. LaÃ«nnec. RenÃ© ThÃ©ophile Hyacinthe LaÃ«nnec is generally considered to be the father of chest medicine. One day in 1816, Laennec is invited by urchins to hear to the scratching of a pin transmitted through the length of a wooden beam.