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Each type of taste is located within taste buds on different sections of the tongue. As you chew your food, it mixes with saliva and as it comes in contact with the taste buds, messages are sent to the brain regarding your sense of taste. The brain processes the messages and helps you identify different tastes.
They are stimulated by a variety of chemical substances, most of which are organic compounds, although some inorganic salts of magnesium and calcium produce bitter sensations too. Babies have many more of these taste buds than an adult, and they have these almost everywhere in the mouth, including the cheeks. Perhaps it is for this reason that adults enjoy more flavors than babies, who dislike bitter tastes and prefer bland food. The average adult has about 9,000 taste buds on each surface of the tongue, roof of the mouth, and throat.