States with the highest per student expenditures were: 1  Vermont ($19,752), 2  New York ($19,523), 3  New Jersey ($19,291), 4  Alaska ($18,192),and. 5  Rhode Island ($17,666).
1 Glucagon binds its receptor in the plasma membrane of target cells (e.g. hepatocytes). 2  Bound receptor interacts with and, through a set of G proteins, turns on adenylate cyclase, which is also an integral membrane protein.
Working with human insulin. 1  1 The insulin gene is a protein consisting of two separate chains of amino acids, an A above a B chain, that are held together with bonds. 2  2 Before becoming an active insulin protein, insulin is first produced as preproinsulin.