Nile Valley) a. The Sahara is the greatest physical and cultural barrier b. North settled early by Berbers, Hamites (Caucasian groups) c. Sub-Saharan Africa has larger regions with many micro regions d. West Africa Forest, Sahel called Sudan, Central Africa, East Africa, and South Africa 2.Each region defined by physical geography and vegetation; many micro cultures a.orth settled early by Berbers, Hamites (Caucasian groups) c. Sub-Saharan Africa has larger regions with many micro regions d. West Africa Forest, Sahel called Sudan, Central Africa, East Africa, and South Africa 2. Each region defined by physical geography and vegetation; many micro cultures a.
Fallacies are defects in an argument - other than false premises - which cause an argument to be invalid, unsound or weak. Fallacies can be separated into two general groups: formal and informal. A formal fallacy is a defect which can be identified merely by looking at the logical structure of an argument rather than any specific statements.
From a psychological point of view, a fallacy is often defined as a mistake in reasoning used for deceptive purposes; however, many fallacies are, in fact, not deceptive to most persons. Even so, many of the informal fallacies are often used in the manipulation of opinion. Many of these mistakes in reasoning occur so often they deserve special study. This section investigates informal fallaciesâthose dependent upon language. An informal fallacy is one that arises from the content of an argument (the meaning what is said, not the grammar in terms of how the argument is expressed).