States with the highest per student expenditures were: 1  Vermont ($19,752), 2  New York ($19,523), 3  New Jersey ($19,291), 4  Alaska ($18,192),and. 5  Rhode Island ($17,666).
1 Glucagon binds its receptor in the plasma membrane of target cells (e.g. hepatocytes). 2  Bound receptor interacts with and, through a set of G proteins, turns on adenylate cyclase, which is also an integral membrane protein.
Insulin Functions & Traits: Insulin is produced by the pancreas and is officially classified as a peptide hormone. On its functional basis, insulin is responsible for the utilization and regulation of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids. It is also responsible for preventing the metabolic breakdown of glycogen, fat and protein.