Pyelonephritis may start with similar symptoms. However, once the infection has spread to the kidney, signs of more severe illness usually result. They include: 1  Back pain or flank pain. 2  Fever (usually present) or chills. 3  Feeling sick (malaise). 4  Nausea and vomiting. 5  Confusion (especially in the elderly).
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding either of the androgenic hormones, testosterone, or dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.n some cell types, testosterone interacts directly with androgen receptors, whereas, in others, testosterone is converted by 5-alpha-reductase to dihydrotestosterone, an even more potent agonist for androgen receptor activation.
Conversion to estrogen. It is this process and the production of male sperm, of course, that causes these hormones to be referred to as the sex hormones. However, testosterone is one of a number of androgens. Both androgens and estrogens are involved in a great many other processes. Estrogens and androgens are not uniquely male or female. What differs is the ratio between the two sexes.