Noble gases are frequently used in tubes for many purposes, from lighting to switching. Pure noble gases are employed in switching tubes. Noble-gas-filled thyratrons have better electrical parameters than mercury-based ones.
The first electric motor able to turn machinery was built by William Sturgeon in 1832. In 1821, Michael Faraday built a machine that made a piece of metal move due to the flow of electricity. Although the amount of motion was small, this was the first published design of an electric motor. All subsequent developments in the use of electricity to make motors work came out of this invention. The first electric motor able to turn machinery was built by William Sturgeon in 1832.
Michael Faraday is credited with the discovery of electromagnetic induction on August 29, 1831. While Faraday receives credit for the discovery, electromagnetic induction may have been anticipated by the work of Italian priest and physicist Francesco Zantedeschi in 1829 or that of Joseph Henry, who around 1830 made a similar discovery, but did not publish his findings until later. Faraday formulated that electromotive force produced around a closed path is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through any surface bounded by that path.