Twenty years ago, âinfrastructureâ was defined primarily with respect to the. adequacy of the nationâs public works. In the mid-1990's, however, the growing. threat of international terrorism led policy makers to reconsider the definition of. âinfrastructureâ in the context of homela nd security.
Risk factors for leukoplakia of the vocal cords include: ï· Alcohol use ï· Tobacco use ï· Laryngopharyngeal reflux ï· Diabetes ï· Use of inhaled steroids ï· Use of corticosteroids ï· Use of immunosuppressive drugs including chemotherapy and anti-rejection medicines ï· Radiation therapy.
Laryngitis can be caused by: 1  Vocal abuse. 2  Allergies. 3  Viral infection.  Reflux of stomach 1  acids. Exposure to irritating substances, such as cigarette smoke or too much alcohol.  Vocal cord tumors. Tumors can be cancerous or 1  noncancerous. Vocal cord paresis and vocal cord paralysis. Vocal cord paresis occurs when one or both vocal cords don't open and close properly, changing voice quality. When one or both vocal cords don't move at all, this is called vocal cord paralysis.