Twenty years ago, âinfrastructureâ was defined primarily with respect to the. adequacy of the nationâs public works. In the mid-1990's, however, the growing. threat of international terrorism led policy makers to reconsider the definition of. âinfrastructureâ in the context of homela nd security.
Risk factors for leukoplakia of the vocal cords include: ï· Alcohol use ï· Tobacco use ï· Laryngopharyngeal reflux ï· Diabetes ï· Use of inhaled steroids ï· Use of corticosteroids ï· Use of immunosuppressive drugs including chemotherapy and anti-rejection medicines ï· Radiation therapy.
When you talk or sing, the vocal cords vibrate and create sound. Causes Hoarseness is most frequently caused by laryngitis from a cold, upper respiratory infection, smoking, or overuse from screaming, shouting, talking loud, or talking improperly for long periods. Any condition that affects the vocal cords can change the quality of sound that is produced.