Twenty years ago, âinfrastructureâ was defined primarily with respect to the. adequacy of the nationâs public works. In the mid-1990's, however, the growing. threat of international terrorism led policy makers to reconsider the definition of. âinfrastructureâ in the context of homela nd security.
Risk factors for leukoplakia of the vocal cords include: ï· Alcohol use ï· Tobacco use ï· Laryngopharyngeal reflux ï· Diabetes ï· Use of inhaled steroids ï· Use of corticosteroids ï· Use of immunosuppressive drugs including chemotherapy and anti-rejection medicines ï· Radiation therapy.
Misuse of the voice. The vocal cords can be stressed by using too much tension when speaking. This can cause problems in the muscles in the throat, and affect the voice. Vocal abuse can also cause a voice disorder. Vocal abuse is anything that strains or harms the vocal cords. Examples of vocal abuse include too much talking, shouting, or coughing. Smoking and constant clearing of the throat is also vocal abuse.