As in other autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, the bodyâs natural ability to attack invading viruses and bacteria goes haywire and mistakenly sees healthy body proteins as enemies. Redness, pain, heat and swelling signal that the immune system is on the warpath.
Formal Charge = [# valence electrons on neutral atom] â [(# lone electron pairs) + (Â½ # bonding electrons)] 1  Valence electrons = corresponds to the group number of the periodic table (for representative elements).  Lone Pairs = lone electrons sitting on the atom. Each electron counts as one and so a pair counts as two.
Formal charges are charges we assign to each atom in a Lewis structure. This is not to be confused. with the net charge of an ion. For example, the nitrate ion, NO3. â has a net charge of â1. The N atom. has a formal charge of +1 and each oxygen atom that is singly-bonded to N has a formal charge of â1.