Negotiation and U.S. ratification. Back row, left to right: Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, at the initialing of the draft North American Free Trade Agreement in October 1992.
Direct memory access. Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of computer systems that allows certain hardware subsystems to access main system memory (RAM), independent of the central processing unit (CPU).
A duma (Ð´ÑÐ¼Ð°) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term comes from the Russian verb Ð´ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÑ (dumatâ) meaning to think or to consider. The first formally constituted duma was the State Duma introduced into the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas II in 1906.