Vertebrate striated muscle contraction is controlled (regulated) by the action of the proteins troponin and tropomyosin on the actin filaments. Nervous stimulation causes a depolarisation of the muscle membrane (sarcolemma) which triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
n. 1  Abnormally fast or deep respiration, which results in the loss of carbon dioxide from the blood, thereby causing a fall in blood pressure, tingling of the extremities, and sometimes fainting.
The medical term for hyperventilation is tachypnea (tack-IP-nee-ah) or hyperapnea. The normal respiratory rate in a healthy adult man is 12-20 breaths per minute. There may be slight individual variations, but a respiratory rate more than 50 is generally hyperapnea. Tachypnea is rapid, shallow breaths, and generally >30 if tachypneic. Hyperapnea is rapid breathing but is deeper breathing than in tachynpnea. Tachy is the medical prefix for fast, eg tachycardia is a fast heart rate. Hyperventilating. Rapid breathing is known as hyperventilation.