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The typical grain mixture for bourbon, known as the mash bill, is a minimum of 51% corn, with the remainder being rye, wheat, malted barley, or some combination of these. A mash bill that contains wheat instead of rye produces what is known as a wheated bourbon. The grain is ground and mixed with water.
Bourbon whiskey must be made from a grain mixture which is at least 51% corn. The fermentation process for this mixture is often started by mixing in some mash from an older already fermenting batch, a process known as sour mash.