SEARCH BY CITATION. Abstract: The first step in the digestion process is mastication, or chewing, when food is broken down, lubricated with saliva, and formed into a cohesive mass known as the food bolus. Upon swallowing, the bolus moves to the stomach and undergoes further breakdown during gastric digestion. The subject of this review is the formation of the food bolus and its subsequent breakdown in the stomach. Bolus formation has been widely studied, especially in terms of food particle size and lubrication.
Clonidine also has several off-label uses, and has been prescribed to treat psychiatric disorders including stress, sleep disorders, and hyperarousal caused by post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, and other anxiety disorders.
When used in conjunction with other drugs to manage alcohol withdrawal, clonidine can reduce elevated blood pressure, increased heart rate, tremors, sweating, and anxiety. Tourette's syndrome. Clonidine is sometimes used to treat the involuntary, repetitive movements or sounds that characterize this disorder. While dopamine-receptor-blocking drugs such as haloperidol and pimozide are more effective, they don't completely eliminate tics and they may cause unpleasant side effects.