In the past, people were accustomed to writing in vertical lines from right to left. The traditional couplets followed this rule, but things have changed. Sometimes people don't follow the rules, and they even make mistakes. Here is the way to read Spring Festival Couplets: First, look at the horizontal scroll. If the four characters are written from left to right, the upper scroll will be on the left and the lower scroll on the right.
The input of water cannot estimate photosynthetic rate, since it is also used in transpiration. The parameter that you chose to measure depends on your resources and the accuracy required of your estimates. There are instruments that measure the input of CO2 and output of H2O, called Photosynthesis Measurement Systems.
That is, rate is a change in a variable over time. The time required for 50% of the leaf disks to float is represented as Effective Time = ET 50. Figure 2 is a sample graph of a photosynthesis light response curve utilizing the ET 50 concept. Photosynthesis vs. Light Intensity 50201510500 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Light Intensity (FT-C)Rate of Photosynthesis ET 50 Figure 2.