Dangling Participles. Dangling participles (also known as dangling modifiers) sound more painful than they actually are. Consider the following sentences all of which contain dangling participles or dangling modifiers. In the sentence below, the modifying clause (Rushing to catch the bus) contains a participle (rushing).
S/N and (S+N)/N When measuring signal to noise ratio there are two basic elements to the measurement. One is the noise level and the other is the signal. As a result of the way measurements are made, often the signal measurement also includes noise as well, i.e. it is a signal plus noise measurement.
One reason that the received message may not be identical to the transmitted one is that all communication channels contribute some degree of noise (i.e., an undesired signal) to the message: The more signal there is relative to the amount of noise (the Signal-to-Noise ratio), the closer the transmitted message will be to the received message; and, hence, the more similar the received proposition will be to the original one.