Get your starter. The starter's job is to provide acetic acid bacteria, which converts ethanol into acetic acid (the primary ingredient in vinegar). Unpasteurized, unfiltered vinegar. It's important to use vinegar that hasn't been processed in a way that interferes with the acetic acid bacteria. Mother of vinegar.
Pupillary distance. Pupillary distance (PD) or interpupillary distance (IPD) is the distance (the industry standard is to measure in millimeters) between the centers of the pupils in each eye. This measurement is used when preparing to make prescription eyeglasses.
A confidence interval calculated for a measure of treatment effect shows the range within which the true treatment effect is likely to lie. A p-value is calculated to assess whether differences between treatments are likely to have occurred simply through chance, or whether they are likely to represent a genuine effect.