White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells.
Nicotine dependence is now recognized as a psychoactive substance dependence disorder (DSM-IV, ICD-10). Under the DSM-IV criteria smokers are classified as dependent if they exhibit impaired control and continue to smoke despite awareness that it exacerbates a medical condition, and if they experience withdrawal symptoms when abstaining from smoking, or if they have a history of unsuccessful attempts at quitting.
Page 1 of 3. Brief explanation of a 5 Axis Diagnosis. from Mental-Health-Matters website. For further information on mental health disorders, refer to the DSM-IV or find many. good resources available free from the National Institute of Mental Health website at. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/. The diagnosis that is made is standardized according the Diagnostic and Statistical. Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). With this manual, there is a 5 Axis. system of diagnosis that is used.