adjective, sourer, sourest. 1. having an acid taste, resembling that of vinegar, lemon juice, etc.; tart. 2. rendered acid or affected by fermentation; fermented. 3. producing the one of the four basic taste sensations that is not bitter, salt, or sweet. 4. characteristic of something fermented: a sour smell.
General anesthetics normally are used to produce loss of consciousness before and during surgery. However, for obstetrics (labor and delivery) or certain minor procedures, an anesthetic may be given in small amounts to relieve anxiety or pain without causing unconsciousness.
Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery Go to Academy Store Learn more and Purchase. Historically, cataract surgery was performed without anesthesia. Karl Koller used topical cocaine anesthesia of the limbus in the late 1800s. Retrobulbar anesthesia was first described in 1884 by Herman Knapp, who injected 4% cocaine for ocular anesthesia prior to enucleation surgery. The modern technique of retrobulbar anesthesia, described in 1945 by Walter Atkinson, allowed the evolutionary advances of peribulbar and sub-Tenon anesthesia.