The shortcuts for Windows 7. If you have not made the leap to Windows 8, this little cheat sheet will help you work more efficiently with Windows 7. Note: This list is part of Greg Shultz's comprehensive collection of Windows keyboard shortcuts, available as a PDF download. Also read: Free cheat sheet of 100 Windows 8 keyboard shortcuts.
i just ran across a problem asking me to identify the valence electrons on a sulfur atom in a sulfate ion. my understanding is that sulfate ion = 4 oxygen + 1 sulfur atom and has a 2- charge. now, in the answer to this question, it reads: sulfur in a sulfate ion has 12 valence electrons, its original six... *which i was able to find; 1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p4 plus 6 more from the oxygens to which it is bonded.
Example: Let's determine the number of valence electrons in the chlorate (ClO 3 -) ion. A chlorine atom (Group VIIA) has seven valence electrons and each oxygen atom (Group VIA) has six valence electrons. Because the chlorate ion has a charge of -1, this ion contains one more electron than a neutral ClO 3 molecule.Thus, the ClO 3 - ion has a total of 26 valence electrons. ClO 3 - : 7 + 3(6) + 1 = 26. The second step in this process involves deciding which atoms in the molecule are connected by covalent bonds.ecause the chlorate ion has a charge of -1, this ion contains one more electron than a neutral ClO 3 molecule. Thus, the ClO 3 - ion has a total of 26 valence electrons. ClO 3 - : 7 + 3(6) + 1 = 26. The second step in this process involves deciding which atoms in the molecule are connected by covalent bonds.