Though Italy's climate is generally mild and comfortable, its reputation for balmy Mediterranean temperatures year-round is slightly exaggerated. Weather is still warm in late September, but rainfall can be common, so pack rain-resistant boots and a light weatherproof jacket. This is especially important if you'll be touring Venice -- though the city's canals typically rise and flood in winter, this has been known to occur in autumn as well. In October, temperatures are not extreme, but the averages tend to drop from September.
Crushed red pepper. Crushed red pepper or red pepper flakes (RPF) is a condiment consisting of dried and crushed (as opposed to ground) red chili peppers. This condiment is most often produced from cayenne-type peppers, although commercial producers may use a variety of different cultivars, all within the 30,000-50,000 Scoville Unit range.
Crushed Red Pepper Flake. Dried chile flakes (crushed red pepper flakes) are most commonly recognized as a condiment to be sprinkled onto pizzas. However, they are also used for many other applications such as stir-fries, pastas, salads, and infusing cooking oils. Their heat can vary depending on the variety of chile pepper used, but cayenne is the most common choice.