DEFINITION of 'Substitution Effect'. The idea that as prices rise (or incomes decrease) consumers will replace more expensive items with less costly alternatives.
Dysmenorrhea, also known as dysmenorrhoea, painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. It usually begins around the time that menstruation begins. Symptoms typically last less than three days. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen.Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea, or nausea. In young women painful periods often occur without an underlying problem.t usually begins around the time that menstruation begins. Symptoms typically last less than three days. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea, or nausea. In young women painful periods often occur without an underlying problem.
Seborrhea involves the inflammation of the skin in localized parts of the body. Seborrhea typically occurs in areas of high oil production like the scalp, the face â especially alongside the nose and on the eyebrows â the chest, the underarms and within folds of loose, hanging skin.lthough seborrhea is most commonly manifested as dandruff on the scalp, itâs not unusual for people to experience it in their abdominal folds or even on their ears. Seborrhea is one of the most common skin conditions, affecting up to five percent of the population.