History. Poland had existed for centuries as a very large commonwealth. In the late 1700s, as the result of a weak monarchy, it was partitioned between Russia, Prussia, and Austria and ceased to exist as a nation.
Summary The government consisted of a God-chosen power which was the emperor. Then to maintain and vote on high-importance decisions, there were many government officials and military officers to occupy those jobs. The type of government that the Byzantine Empire used was a mix of aristocratic bureaucratic mix.
The Byzantine Empire was another name for the surviving eastern half of the Roman Empire. As you read in a previous chapter, the weaker western half of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome, fell to barbarian invaders. What was left of the Roman Empire was ruled by the emperor in Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire survived for another 1,000 years, finally falling to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. The city of Constantinople, built on a peninsula surrounded by three bodies of water: the Bosphorus, Sea of Marmara, and the Golden Horn.