Just to correct a typo in the first answer: the total number of nodes for a tree of depth L is (N^(L+1)-1) / (N-1)... (that is, to the power L+1 rather than just L). This can be shown as follows. First, take our theorem: 1 + N^1 + N^2 + ... + N^L = (N^(L+1)-1)/(N-1) Multiply both sides by (N-1): (N-1)(1 + N^1 + N^2 + ... + N^L) = N^(L+1)-1.
Malignancy is the most common cause of large bowel obstruction in older patients. Colon carcinoma without obstruction does not usually cause acute abdominal pain. Diverticulitis and colonic volvulus (i.e., narrowed, twisted lumen with a birdâs beak appearance) are less common causes of large bowel obstruction.4,5,14,35.
The first indication of a bowel obstruction is often pain, nausea or vomiting accompanied by difficulty or inability to pass gas or stool. Blocked from its normal clear passage, food becomes backed up. The intestines stop functioning, preventing the patient from eating or eliminating waste.