Just to correct a typo in the first answer: the total number of nodes for a tree of depth L is (N^(L+1)-1) / (N-1)... (that is, to the power L+1 rather than just L). This can be shown as follows. First, take our theorem: 1 + N^1 + N^2 + ... + N^L = (N^(L+1)-1)/(N-1) Multiply both sides by (N-1): (N-1)(1 + N^1 + N^2 + ... + N^L) = N^(L+1)-1.
Malignancy is the most common cause of large bowel obstruction in older patients. Colon carcinoma without obstruction does not usually cause acute abdominal pain. Diverticulitis and colonic volvulus (i.e., narrowed, twisted lumen with a birdâs beak appearance) are less common causes of large bowel obstruction.4,5,14,35.
âThere is a lot of capacity of the bowel to expand and adapt. Eventually the contents start backing up.â. Here are the most common bowel obstruction symptoms: 1  Distended (swollen or bloated) abdomen. 2  Nausea. 3  Vomiting â color and texture of vomit may help diagnose the obstruction. 4  Change in bowel habits. 5  Constipation. 6  Very thin stools. 7  Blood in the stool, especially likely if cancer is a cause.