They often occur in the muscles of the calf or foot but can also affect the front and back of the thigh, hands, arms, abdomen and muscles along the ribcage. Muscle cramps can be described as idiopathic, which means there is no apparent reason for them. However, they can also be down to:
Good procurement planning is essential to optimize the contribution of the procurement function towards achieving the overall goals of the organization. 1  It supports: 2  Transparency. 3  Development of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) according to milestones and accountabilities set in the procurement plan, and use of the same to monitor performance.
Management: Planning Function. Planning is a major function of management. Planning may be the most important of all management functions. Planning involves a six-step process that assists an organization in setting goals and determining how to accomplish them best (Allen, 1998).