Main articles: Growth hormone 1 and Growth hormone 2. Genes for human growth hormone, known as growth hormone 1 (somatotropin) and growth hormone 2, are localized in the q22-24 region of chromosome 17 and are closely related to human chorionic somatomammotropin (also known as placental lactogen) genes.
Average costs are U-shaped, and the marginal cost curve intersects the average cost curves at their respective minimum points. In the competitive model of the firm, the minimum average variable cost is termed the shutdown point because a firm will not produce in the short run if price is below average variable cost.
The average variable cost (AVC) = 53Q/Q=53. c. The marginal cost = change in total cost / change in quantity of output. The total cost increases by 53 if the firm increases output by one unit. Thus the marginal cost is 53. d. C=45Q+240: The new fixed cost is 190+50=240, and the marginal cost is 45.