A form of apparatus often used for testing specimens of steel consists of a small electric furnace in which to heat the specimen, and a special thermo-couple pyrometer (see  Pyrometers ) for indicating the range of temperatures through which the steel passes.
Where the American Civil War Began. Decades of growing strife between North and South erupted in civil war on April 12, 1861, when Confederate artillery opened fire on this Federal fort in Charleston Harbor. Fort Sumter surrendered 34 hours later. Union forces would try for nearly four years to take it back.
It was 78 years between the Treaty of Paris (1783) and the declaration of war by the Union (1861). Not all of the years were spent on US domestic policies, as the War of 1812 â¦ began 31 years after Yorktown and ended 47 years before Fort Sumter.3 people found this useful.fficially (according to most history textbooks) at Fort Sumter  located in Charleston harbor, South Carolina. This is where the  first shots of the Civil War were fired.  â¦  Another way to look at this question is to acknowledge that there  are two different dates regarding the beginning of the US Civil  War.