DEFINITION of 'Substitution Effect'. The idea that as prices rise (or incomes decrease) consumers will replace more expensive items with less costly alternatives.
Dysmenorrhea, also known as dysmenorrhoea, painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation. It usually begins around the time that menstruation begins. Symptoms typically last less than three days. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen.Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea, or nausea. In young women painful periods often occur without an underlying problem.t usually begins around the time that menstruation begins. Symptoms typically last less than three days. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Other symptoms may include back pain, diarrhea, or nausea. In young women painful periods often occur without an underlying problem.
Dysmenorrhea is a medical term that means âdifficult or painful periodsâ. There are two types of dysmenorrhea; primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common kind of dysmenorrhea. Cramping pain in the lower abdomen (belly) can start from 1â2 days before your period begins and can last 2â4 days.