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Main article: Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located above the kidneys in humans and in front of the kidneys in other animals. The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
The hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the pituitary gland. In turn, the pituitary gland produces hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands to produce hormones. In general, diseases of the adrenal glands cause the glands to become overactive or underactive - producing too much or not enough hormone. About 3 percent of people have one or more nodules of the adrenal glands.