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Calf muscles may have gradually tightened up over a period of months through not stretching enough before and after training. Tiny micro tears in the muscles cause them to go into spasm. When they are in spasm or contracted then blood cannot easily get into them. The muscles have squeezed the blood out like a sponge.
When the work of the muscle outstrips the flow of blood and supply of oxygen, the muscles cramp up. Also, when the blood supply to the leg muscles is compromised, specifically from a build-up of cholesterol plaques in the arteries, the muscles will cramp. The cramping of the calves during exertion is something called claudication, which heralds the presence of peripheral artery disease, or PAD.