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Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle (also known as Calvin-Benson cycle) is a series of biochemical reactions taking place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. It was discovered by Melvin Calvin and Andy Benson at the University of California, Berkeley. It is one of the light-independent reactions and occurs in the stroma.
The process of photosynthesis is broken up into two main groups of reactions: the light reactions which require light energy to operate, and the Calvin cycle which specifically takes carbon dioxide and turns it into organic molecules.