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Calf muscles may have gradually tightened up over a period of months through not stretching enough before and after training. Tiny micro tears in the muscles cause them to go into spasm. When they are in spasm or contracted then blood cannot easily get into them. The muscles have squeezed the blood out like a sponge.
Swelling or bruising in the calf muscle will be apparent in severe calf muscle tears. What Causes a Calf Muscle Tear? Calf muscle tears usually occur during acceleration or changes in direction eg a change of running speed. However, there is a small percentage of the populations who can tear their calf muscle by simply walking. The most common calf muscle that is torn is your medial gastrocnemius. Shields et al (1985).