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Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle (also known as Calvin-Benson cycle) is a series of biochemical reactions taking place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. It was discovered by Melvin Calvin and Andy Benson at the University of California, Berkeley. It is one of the light-independent reactions and occurs in the stroma.
ATP is further converted into ADP + Pi, which is reverted back to ATP during the light-independent reactions. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Three main processes take place: carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction and ribulose biphosphate regeneration.