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The number of nucleons in a nucleus is the number of. The emission and absorption spectra of different elements provides evidence for the existence of. The nucleus of an atom contains protons.he number of nucleons in a nucleus is the number of. The emission and absorption spectra of different elements provides evidence for the existence of. The nucleus of an atom contains protons.
The nucleus was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford 's efforts to test Thomson's  plum pudding model  of the atom. The electron had already been discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson himself.Knowing that atoms are neutral, Thomson postulated that there must be a positive charge as well.rotons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force. The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of 6985175000000000000â 1.75 fm (6985175000000000000â 1.75Ã10â15 m) for hydrogen (the diameter of a single proton) to about 6986150000000000000â 15 fm for the heaviest atoms, such as uranium.