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Ribosomes consist of two major subunitsâthe small ribosomal subunit reads the mRNA, while the large subunit joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. Each subunit is composed of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of proteins.
1 Ribosomes are composed of both RNA and proteins. 2  About 37 - 62% of RNA are made up of RNA and the rest is proteins. 3  Ribosome is made up of two subunits. 4  The subunits of ribosomes are named according to their ability of sedimentation on a special gel which the Sevdberg Unit. The ribosomes found in the chloroplasts of mitochondria of eukaryotes consists of large and small subunits bound together with proteins into one 70S particle. 2  The ribosomes share a core structure which is similar to all ribosomes despite differences in its size.