Hepatitis can be caused by: 1  Immune cells in the body attacking the liver. 2  Infections from viruses (such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C), bacteria, or parasites.  Liver damage from alcohol or poison.
Mitral valve annuloplasty is a surgical technique for the repair of leaking mitral valves. Due to various factors, the two leaflets normally involved in sealing the mitral valve to retrograde flow may not coapt properly.he goal of mitral valve annuloplasty is to regain mitral valve competence by restoring the physiological form and function of the normal mitral valve apparatus.
Annular Tear Overview. An annular tear â also known as an annular fissure â is a rupture or opening in the annulus fibrosus, the tough outer layer of the cushioning discs that sit between the bones in the spine.When the gel-like substance inside the disc leaks out, it can come in contact with spinal nerves and trigger pain.An annular tear can occur in the cervical spine, creating neck pain, and in the lumbar spine, creating pain or other sensations that may radiate down a single leg or both legs.The pain is often grows worse during lifting or bending motions, sneezing, coughing, sitting and standing.hen the gel-like substance inside the disc leaks out, it can come in contact with spinal nerves and trigger pain. An annular tear can occur in the cervical spine, creating neck pain, and in the lumbar spine, creating pain or other sensations that may radiate down a single leg or both legs.