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The thyristor is a four-layered, three terminal semiconductor device, with each layer consisting of alternately N-type or P-type material, for example P-N-P-N.n earlier gas filled tube device called a thyratron provided a similar electronic switching capability, where a small control voltage could switch a large current. It is from a combination of thyratron and  transistor  that the term thyristor is derived.
The control terminal of the SCR is named the gate and it is connected to the p-type layer that adjoins the cathode layer. Structure of a thyristor or silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). Thyristors are usually manufactured from silicon, although, in theory other types of semiconductor could be used.The first reason for using silicon for thyistors is that silicon is the ideal choice because of its overall properties.t can be seen that current will only flow in one direction through the thyristor. If a reverse voltage is applied, then no current will flow, even if some gate current is applied. In this way for thyristor circuits used for AC, operation only occurs over one half of the AC waveform.