Or, for a medical example, suppose smoking multiplies the risk of lung cancer by some number R: then the Wald test can be used to test whether R = 1 (i.e. there is no effect of smoking) or is greater (or less) than 1 (i.e. smoking alters risk).
There are more than 900 species of Tardigrade or Water Bear, pictured. They're found everywhere in the world, from the highest mountains to the deepest oceans. Boil the 1mm creatures, freeze them, dry them, expose them to radiation and they're so resilient they'll still be alive 200 years later.
In this video, Coma Niddy (Mike Wilson) shows us how he found water bears near the New York Hall of Science in Corona, New York. To start, youâll need an envelope, a small knife, and a 10-60X microscope. Next: Go outside and collect some moss where you liveâ¦. So hereâs the crazy thing about tardigrades: Theyâre tough.