Although an MSI-H result is the hallmark of Lynch syndrome, it is also found in 10% to 15% of sporadic CRC cases. Since MSI results do not rule out Lynch syndrome, MMR gene mutation testing should be considered regardless of MSI status in families with a strong suspicion of Lynch syndrome.
Many of the symptoms of prolactinoma are caused by an excessive amount of prolactin in the blood (hyperprolactinemia) which decreases the ovarian and testicular function. In women, prolactinoma is characterized by irregular menstrual periods, infertility and production of breast milk in women who are not pregnant (galactorrhea).
These lactotroph adenomas are called prolactinomas and account for approximately 40% of all pituitary tumors. However, hyperprolactinemia can also be from a pharmacologic cause or some other pathologic problem of the hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic pathways. Idiopathic hyperprolactinemia is possible though a diagnosis of exclusion.