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Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle (also known as Calvin-Benson cycle) is a series of biochemical reactions taking place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms. It was discovered by Melvin Calvin and Andy Benson at the University of California, Berkeley. It is one of the light-independent reactions and occurs in the stroma.
This mechanism is generally known as the Calvin cycle after Melvin Calvin in whose laboratory this portion of photosynthesis was dissected. The Calvin cycle has sometimes been referred to as the dark reactions, but these reactions cannot occur in darkness as we shall see. The Calvin cycle has also been called carbon fixation reactions, but only one step of many involves fixing carbon.