Hepatitis can be caused by: 1  Immune cells in the body attacking the liver. 2  Infections from viruses (such as hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C), bacteria, or parasites.  Liver damage from alcohol or poison.
Mitral valve annuloplasty is a surgical technique for the repair of leaking mitral valves. Due to various factors, the two leaflets normally involved in sealing the mitral valve to retrograde flow may not coapt properly.he goal of mitral valve annuloplasty is to regain mitral valve competence by restoring the physiological form and function of the normal mitral valve apparatus.
Annular Tear in a Spinal Disc. An annular tear describes a hole in the outer intervertebral tissue wall, possibly facilitating the expulsion of nucleus pulposus material from the disc into the greater surrounding spinal anatomy. Annular tears are relatively common in the intervertebral discs and are not inherently painful or pathological in any way.