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Ribosomes consist of two major subunitsâthe small ribosomal subunit reads the mRNA, while the large subunit joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. Each subunit is composed of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of proteins.
Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, cleverly referred to as the small subunit and the large subunit. You may also hear them called the 30S and 50S in bacteria or the 40S and 60S in eukaryotes. The small and large subunits join together to make 70S or 80S, respectively. Ribosomes really have two tasks: decode messenger RNA (mRNA) and synthesize proteins. The decoding function is performed by the small subunit and the protein synthesis part is performed by the large subunit. Talking to my scientist friends, I would call the ribosome a ribonucleoprotein complex, or RNP.