In Africa, for example, tourismâs effects on indigenous peoples have been profound, with the eviction of communities from their lands, in addition to economic dislocation, breakdown of traditional values, and environmental degradation. Pastoralism has been attacked as primitive and destructive.
The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the church, and prepared the way for the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism and neo-classicism, trace their intellectual heritage back to the Enlightenment.
Commerce of Thought. The Age of American Enlightenment can be roughly dated as the half-century from 1765 to 1815.(Cassara, 25) Many key events happened and many key individuals existed before these years but the central events of the American Enlightenment occurred within these dates.