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Calculating real vs nominal GDP. Nominal GDP = â ptqt. where p refers to price, q is quantity, and t indicates the year in question (usually the current year). However, it can be misleading to do an apples-to-apples comparison of a GDP of $1 trillion in 2008 with a GDP of $200 billion in 1990.
But, how do we measure them? There are four major scales (or types) of measurement of variables: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. The scale of measurement depends on the variable itself. Let's look closer at each of the four scales and what types of variables fall into each category. Nominal. You might have noticed a difference in our two variables.