A phonetic script for English created in 1847 by Isaac Pitman and Henry Ellis was used as a model for the IPA.
The Stack Data Structure in C and C++. The stack is a common data structure for representing things that need to maintained in a particular order. For instance, when a function calls another function, which in turn calls a third function, it's important that the third function return back to the second function rather than the first.
Some programming languages use the stack to store data that is local to a procedure. Space for local data items is allocated from the stack when the procedure is entered, and is deallocated when the procedure exits. The C programming language is typically implemented in this way.