Tumor markers are not always reliable for the following reasons: 1  Most tumor markers can be made by normal cells, as well as cancer cells. 2  Tumor markers can be associated with noncancerous conditions. 3  Tumor markers are not always present in early stage cancers. 4  People with cancer may never have elevated tumor markers.
The Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) degree program requires at least two years of specific undergraduate college study followed by four academic years (or three calendar years) of professional pharmacy study. Most students enter a pharmacy degree program after completion of three or more years of college.
PharmD/MS in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences offers collaborative programs that involve advanced coursework and intense graduate level research training in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. The doctor of pharmacy/master of pharmaceutical sciences is typically five years.