Peripheral nerve injury of the upper extremity commonly occurs in patients who participate in recreational (e.g., sports) and occupational activities. Nerve injury should be considered when a patient experiences pain, weakness, or paresthesias in the absence of a known bone, soft tissue, or vascular injury.
Brain injury occurs when the tissues of the brain suffer an acute injury that results in temporary, chronic, or permanent damage and/or dysfunction. The brain is a very sensitive organ subject to injury from a variety of insults. Some of the major causes of brain injury include trauma, lack of oxygen (hypoxic/anoxic injury), lack of blood flow (ischemia), infection, and metabolic disorders.
An anoxic brain injury occurs when there is a lack of oxygen going to the brain. When this oxygen deprivation occurs, brain cells can start to die within five minutes. Causes of anoxic brain injury can be blood clots, shock, heart problems, diseases, anemia and even lack of air at high altitudes.