In Africa, for example, tourismâs effects on indigenous peoples have been profound, with the eviction of communities from their lands, in addition to economic dislocation, breakdown of traditional values, and environmental degradation. Pastoralism has been attacked as primitive and destructive.
The ideas of the Enlightenment undermined the authority of the monarchy and the church, and prepared the way for the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. A variety of 19th-century movements, including liberalism and neo-classicism, trace their intellectual heritage back to the Enlightenment.
Age of Reason redirects here. For other uses, see Age of Reason (disambiguation) . The Enlightenment, known in French as the ââSiecle siÃ¨cle Desââ (Lumieres lumiÃ¨res Century), of enlightenment And in german ââAsââ, the aufklaerung aufklÃ¤rung was a philosophical movement which dominated the world Of ideas in europe in. the 18th century