The atmosphere is divided vertically into four layers based on temperature: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Throughout the Cycles unit, we'll focus primarily on the layer in which we live-the troposphere. Troposphere. The word troposphere comes from tropein, meaning to turn or change.
For example, the conventional date 1644 marks the year in which the Qing dynasty armies replaced the preceding Ming dynasty according to the dynastic cycle. However, the Qing dynasty was established in 1636 (or even 1616, albeit under a different name), while the last Ming dynasty pretender was not deposed until 1663. This change of ruling houses was a messy and prolonged affair, and the Qing took almost twenty years to extend their control over the whole of China.
The Qing dynasty was the last of Chinaâs royal dynasties. The Qing ruled from 1644 until the abdication of their last emperor, the infant Puyi, in February 1912. The Qing period was one of rapid and profound change in China.. The Qing dynasty was the last of Chinaâs imperial dynasties. It was initiated in 1644 by the Manchu, an ethnic group from the north who invaded Beijing and ousted the incumbent Ming Dynasty.