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Phosphate pre-treatment is the most commonly overlooked step in preparation for coating. The generic term phosphating is a process where an acid attacks the metal of the work piece and re-deposits a material that is a combination of the metal substrate (and other metals-like zinc) along with phosphate.
Phosphating is a chemical conversion coating that transforms the surface of the basis metal into a non-metallic crystalline coating. The reaction occurs in an acidic solution containing phosphate ions. Loss of hydrogen at the metal/solution interface results in a localized rise in pH and subsequent precipitation of the coating.