The epistropheus apparently bore two hypapophyses, as in Varanus; the posterior one lay relatively far forward. The eighth, ninth and tenth vertebrae differ somewhat from the preceding ones by their breadth. Instead of rectangular outlines they show a more square shape. Also these three vertebrae are provided with needle-shaped cervical ribs.
In chemistry, neutralization (US spelling) or neutralisation (UK spelling), is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other.In a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in solution.n a titration of an acid with a base, the point of neutralization can also be called the equivalence point. The quantitative nature of the neutralization reaction is most conveniently expressed in terms of the concentrations of acid and alkali.
Redox reactions, or oxidation-reduction reactions, have a number of similarities to acid-base reactions. Fundamentally, redox reactions are a family of reactions that are concerned with the transfer of electrons between species. Like acid-base reactions, redox reactions are a matched set -- you don't have an oxidation reaction without a reduction reaction happening at the same time. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction refers to the gain of electrons.