In peripatric speciation, a subform of allopatric speciation, new species are formed in isolated, smaller peripheral populations that are prevented from exchanging genes with the main population. It is related to the concept of a founder effect, since small populations often undergo bottlenecks.
The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing cruel and unusual punishment for federal crimes. The amendment states, Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted.
The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery, plus (with limited exceptions, such as those convicted of a â¦ crime) prohibits involuntary servitude.-- The thirteenth amendment to the US Constitution abolished slavery and all other forms of involuntary servitude, excluding involuntary labor as punishment for a crime. Section 1.