Bottled water is water which has been packaged in sealed containers for human consumption. The water can come from a variety of sources including springs, aquifers, or municipal supplies and may be treated to make it fit for human consumption.
An epigastric hernia is treated with surgery to repair the opening in the abdomen wall that runs between the breastbone and naval. Most epigastric hernia surgery can be scheduled; emergency surgery is rare. There are two types of hernia surgery-herniorrhaphy (one long incision) and laparoscopy (several small incisions).
What causes epigastric pain? Epigastric pain has many possible causes. Most commonly, epigastric pain is the result of overeating, drinking alcohol while eating, or consuming greasy or spicy foods. Epigastric pain can be caused by digestive conditions such as acid reflux or lactose intolerance. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is another possible cause of epigastric pain. Inflammatory diseases or cancers affecting the gallbladder, pancreas or stomach may result in epigastric pain.