Prevention of kidney stones may include a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes. You may reduce your risk of kidney stones if you: Drink water throughout the day. For people with a history of kidney stones, doctors usually recommend passing about 2.6 quarts (2.5 liters) of urine a day.
Melanin is the pigment that gives your skin its color, and it is produced in specialized skin cells called melanocytes. The darker your skin is, the more melanin these cells produce. They can be found deep in the epidermis, close to the basement membrane.
Cell differentiation refers to the normal process by which a less specialized cell goes through development and maturation in order to become more distinct in terms of form and function. It is the process in which a cell changes into another cell type. During cell differentiation, the changes may include cell shape, cell size, membrane potential, metabolic activities, and responsiveness. These changes are brought about by modifications in gene expressions. An example of cell differentiation is the development of a single-celled zygote into a multicellular embryo that further develops into a more complex multisystem of distinct cell types of a fetus. The cell size, shape, polarity, metabolism and responsiveness to signals change dramatically such that a less specialized cell becomes more specialized and acquires a more specific role.