The trachea connects the larynx and bronchi. It is lined with a mucus membrane with respiratory epithelium and a lamina propria, and a submucosa containing horseshoe shape hyaline cartilages and numerous mucus and mixed glands (Trachea 1).
Arrowroot starch and tapioca flour are two products that are used quite a bit in gluten-free cooking and baking. They are used to replace corn starch and wheat flour in various recipes. Arrowroot starch can sometimes substitute for tapioca flour depending on the application.
Arrowroot thickens at a lower temperature than flour or cornstarch, is not weakened by acidic ingredients, has a more neutral taste, and is not affected by freezing. It does not mix well with dairy, forming a slimy mixture. It is recommended that arrowroot be mixed with a cool liquid before adding to a hot fluid.