Most ankle ligament injuries are caused when the foot twists inwards. All of the body's weight is then placed on the lateral ankle ligaments. The anterior and middle fibres of the ankle stretch or tear a in sprain or strain of the ankle. Occasionally small pieces of bone may be torn off with the ligaments.
The term conditioned emotional response (CER) can refer to a specific learned behavior or a procedure commonly used in classical or Pavlovian conditioning research. It may also be called conditioned suppression or conditioned fear response (CFR). It is an emotional response that results from classical conditioning, usually from the association of a relatively neutral stimulus with a painful or fear-inducing unconditional stimulus.
As per the S-R theory (Classical Conditioning) a particular stimulus triggers a particular response. This is the basis of the Pavlovâs dog experiment where he uses an unconditional stimulus of food to trigger an unconditional response of salivating from dog.erms used in Classical Conditioning. Unconditioned Stimulus (US): A stimulus that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a unlearnt response. Unconditioned Response (UR): A natural, usually unvarying response evoked by a stimulus in the absence of learning or conditioning.