Aortic insufficiency causes both volume overload (elevated preload) and pressure overload (elevated afterload due to increased stroke volume) of the heart. The volume overload (due to elevated pulse pressure and the systemic effects of neuroendocrine hormones) causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
Echo Dot is a hands-free, voice-controlled device that uses the same far-field voice recognition as Amazon Echo. Dot has a small built-in speakerâit can also connect to your speakers over Bluetooth or with the included audio cable.
The Echo Dot costs $89ânot cheap, but it is half the price of the company's $179 Echo. Anyone who has been intrigued by Alexa's features but already has a music system in place in their home may want to take advantage of the more flexible and compact Dot.