Paleopathology (palaeopathology, traditional British spelling) is the study of ancient health and disease. The field is interdisciplinary, stretching from art history to paleontology and from parasitology to genomics.
In addition, low estrogen levels can adversely affect the vagina, causing thinning of the walls and dryness, which can lead to painful sex. The lining of the urethra also thins, leaving the body susceptible to infections like UTIs. Symptoms of low estrogen may include: 1  Fatigue. 2  Hot flashes. 3  Night sweats. 4  Memory lapses. 5  Difficult concentrating. 6  Joint pain. 7  Vaginal dryness. 8  Dry skin (which can lead to premature aging, wrinkles, and brown age spots).
This is why women naturally go through menopause and stop having their periods after their normal reproductive years. For many women who are of reproductive age, low estrogen can cause missed or irregular periods. In fact, amenorrhea in young women is one of the best clinical indicators for estrogen deficiency.