GFOA recommends creating a qualified trust fund to prefund OPEB obligations. The legal authority of the employer to establish an OPEB trust and the forms of trust allowed. The employers legal obligations to provide benefits and the legal consequences of establishing a trust.
Gene mutations have varying effects on health, depending on where they occur and whether they alter the function of essential proteins. Missense mutation (illustration) This type of mutation is a change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene.
Knowing a few basic types of mutations can help you understand why some mutations have major effects and some may have no effect at all. Substitution. A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single chemical letter such as switching an A to a G).Such a substitution could: 1  change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced.2  For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a substitution in the beta-hemoglobin gene, which alters a single amino acid in the protein produced.nowing a few basic types of mutations can help you understand why some mutations have major effects and some may have no effect at all. Substitution. A substitution is a mutation that exchanges one base for another (i.e., a change in a single chemical letter such as switching an A to a G).