An ingrown toenail can result from a number of things. Poorly fitting shoes and toenails that are not properly trimmed are the most common causes. The skin along the edge of a toenail may become red and infected. The great toe is affected most often, but any toenail can become ingrown.
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) Brief Description. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a set of participatory and largely visual techniques for assessing group and community resources, identifying and prioritizing problems and appraising strategies for solving them.
Introduction. RSA is a powerful research technique that is currently being studied at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) for joint replacement patients. RSA stands for r adio s tereometric a nalysis, which describes a special way of taking two x-rays from different directions at the same time, creating a âstereoâ image.SA has been used for over 30 years in Europe and for 5 years at Hospital for Special Surgery. The only potential risks come from implantation of the marker beads. 1  The insertion of beads takes an additional 5 to 10 minutes of surgery.