Water travels from the soil to the root xylem through the apoplast (i.e., cell wall space) and/or cell-to-cell, but hydraulic barriers in the apoplast (e.g., suberized structures in the endodermis) can force water to traverse cell membranes at some points along this path. Anytime water crosses a cell membrane, its transport can be affected by the activ-ity of membrane-intrinsic water channel proteins (aquaporins). We review how aqua-porins can play an important role in affecting root water transport properties (hydraulic
Hornerâs Syndrome in Cats. Conditions of the body that affect the nerves supplying the face muscles and eyes can lead to a group of symptoms known as Hornerâs syndrome. This condition is characterized by a drooping eye, an eyelid that is protruding from the eye, or a severely constricted eye pupil.
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) is an upper respiratory infection of the nose and throat in cats. It is caused by, and also know as feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1). Cats of all ages are susceptible, but kittens are at a higher risk and may be infected at about five weeks of age. Pregnant cats or those suffering from a lowered immunity due to a pre-existing disease are also at higher risk.