Paleopathology (palaeopathology, traditional British spelling) is the study of ancient health and disease. The field is interdisciplinary, stretching from art history to paleontology and from parasitology to genomics.
In addition, low estrogen levels can adversely affect the vagina, causing thinning of the walls and dryness, which can lead to painful sex. The lining of the urethra also thins, leaving the body susceptible to infections like UTIs. Symptoms of low estrogen may include: 1  Fatigue. 2  Hot flashes. 3  Night sweats. 4  Memory lapses. 5  Difficult concentrating. 6  Joint pain. 7  Vaginal dryness. 8  Dry skin (which can lead to premature aging, wrinkles, and brown age spots).
The hormone estrogen helps maintain that fluid and keeps the lining of the vagina healthy, thick, and elastic. During menopause, the drop in estrogen levels reduces the amount of moisture available. It also makes the vagina thinner and less elastic. This is called vaginal atrophy. In addition to menopause, estrogen levels can drop from: