Aortic insufficiency causes both volume overload (elevated preload) and pressure overload (elevated afterload due to increased stroke volume) of the heart. The volume overload (due to elevated pulse pressure and the systemic effects of neuroendocrine hormones) causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
Echo Dot is a hands-free, voice-controlled device that uses the same far-field voice recognition as Amazon Echo. Dot has a small built-in speakerâit can also connect to your speakers over Bluetooth or with the included audio cable.
Amazon Echo has just been updated with voice control support for Spotify, Pandora, and iTunes. Unveiled by Amazon in November last year, Echo is a cylindrical cloud-connected smart speaker whose main selling point is its Siri-like voice assistant called Alexa.