The argument for the equality view is partly historical and partly textual and makes the following contentions. First, the Citizenship Clause of Section 1, which immediately precedes the Privileges or Immunities Clause, defines both national and state citizenship.
2015-03-07T16:39:19-05:00. The primary source of uncertainty over the limits on presidential power is that the constitutional definition of executive powers is broad and unspecific. The founders meant for this to be the case because they knew that in certain times of need, the president will need to take drastic measures to remedy certain issues, like Lincoln during the Civil War.
Nye argues that successful states need both hard and soft power -- the ability to coerce others as well as the ability to shape their long-term attitudes and preferences. Coined by Nye in the late 1980s, the term soft power -- the ability of a country to persuade others to do what it wants without force or coercion -- is now widely invoked in foreign policy debates. This short book reintroduces the idea and argues for its relevance in forming post-September 11 U.S. foreign policy.