Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Office of Preventive Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7105, USA. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract. Causation is an essential concept in epidemiology, yet there is no single, clearly articulated definition for the discipline. From a systematic review of the literature, five categories can be delineated: production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic.
Broad Valley. Broad Valley (63Â°22â²S 57Â°55â²W / 63.367Â°S 57.917Â°W / -63.367; -57.917Coordinates: 63Â°22â²S 57Â°55â²W / 63.367Â°S 57.917Â°W / -63.367; -57.917) is a descriptive name for the broad glacier-filled valley on the south side of Laclavere Plateau, Trinity Peninsula. The name was suggested by V.I.
The Upper Rogue River Valley is a picturesque region in Southern Oregon known for its recreation, peaceful living, and historic heritage. Communities located around the river include Sams Valley, Eagle Point, Shady Cove, Trail, Butte Falls, Prospect and Union Creek.ams Valley lies near the California border, just northeast of Gold Hill, on Oregon Route 234. Large, expansive estates with multiple acres are the norm in this area, and many houses for sale in Sams Valley offer land perfect for establishing a vineyard or horse ranch.