1 Place the insertion point where you want the cross-reference to appear. 2  On the Insert menu, click Cross-reference. 3  In the Reference type list, select Footnote or Endnote. 4  Select the footnote or endnote that you want to refer to, and then click Insert.ow to Create Multiple References to the Same Footnote. 1  Place the insertion point where you want the cross-reference to appear. 2  On the Insert menu, click Cross-reference. 3  In the Reference type list, select Footnote or Endnote.
â¢ Parasitism: a relationship in which one species benefits while the other is harmed. â¢ Commensalism: a relationship in which one species benefits but the other species is neither harmed nor helped. We often represent mutualism with a â+/+â because both species receive a posi - tive benefit. Commensalism is shown as a â+/0â relationship because one species
Symbiosis is an interaction characterized by two or more species living purposefully in direct contact with each other. The term symbiosis includes a broad range of species interactions but typically refers to three major types: mutualism, commensalism and parasitism.Mutualism is a symbiotic interaction where both or all individuals benefit from the relationship.s a result, ecological interactions between individual organisms and entire species are often difficult to define and measure and are frequently dependent on the scale and context of the interactions (Harrison & Cornell 2008; Ricklefs 2008; Brooker et al. 2009).