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The existence of external benefit and external cost leads to misallocation of resources. External cost For example, when drivers are not liable for the health damage of car exhaust, drivers will equate only marginal private cost with marginal benefit. But if drivers are forced to pay for the health damage of car exhaust, their marginal cost will go up by the amount of the external cost.
Indirect Cost: Definition and Example. To facilitate preparation of an indirect cost proposal, shown below are (1) some definitions of the term indirect costs, (2) a brief discussion of indirect cost rate structures and (3) a simple example of an indirect cost rate computation. Indirect Costs (definition extracted from FAR Part 31.2) An indirect cost is any cost not directly identified with a single, final cost objective, but identified with two or more final cost objectives or an intermediate cost objective. It is not subject to treatment as a direct cost.