When the average kinetic energy of the molecules goes up (a rise in temperature), the average speed of the molecules increases. And lower average kinetic energy of the molecules means they have lower speed. However, a change in average kinetic energy is not directly proportional to a change in average speed. 1.
An appreciation means an increase in the value of a currency. It means a currency is worth more in terms of foreign currency.
If you accept the $1,000 and invest it at a 4% return, it will only grow to $1,040 in one year, compared to receiving $1,050 after one year from your friend. Using time value of money. The underlying principles of time value of money are used in finance to value investments like stocks and bonds.