AIDS is the advanced form of infection with HIV virus. This virus may not cause recognizable symptoms for a long period after the initial exposure (latent period). As of early 2009, no vaccine was available to prevent HIV infection.
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Thus, relative risk can be calculated for cohort studies and clinical trials, but not for case-control studies. Odds ratios can be used to estimate relative risk for a case-control study. Relative risk is: (Cumulative incidence in the exposed)/(Cumulative incidence in the unexposed). Calculating Relative Risk. Relative risk can be calculated from a 2x2 table using the following formula: Relative Risk = (A / (A+B)) / (C / (C+D)) .