Organic acids are of two types. One has the COOH group (the carboxyl group). An example is acetic acid (CH3COOH), the acid in vinegar. It is made by oxidizing grain alcohol or by the fermentation of the fruit sugar in cider. The other type has a phenol group, as in phenol (C6H5OH).
Calculate the total braking distance. This formula is 1/2 the initial velocity in feet per second multiplied by the time required to stop, which is 0.5 x 102.7 x 5.135 = 263.68. The calculated thinking distance is 2 x 102.7 = 205.4. Add the two numbers together. 469.08 feet is the total braking distance.
(The discussion continues about various studies that have been conducted to determine a reasonable brake reaction time for a below average driver.) . . . In the determination of sight distance for design, the reaction time should be larger than the average for all drivers under normal conditions. It should be large enough to include the reaction time required for nearly all drivers under most highway conditions. For approximately 90 percent of the drivers in the first study mentioned, a reaction time of 2.5 s was found to be adequate. A reaction time of 2.5 s has thus been assumed. . . A reaction time of 2.5 s is considered adequate for more complex conditions than those of the various studies, but it is not adequate for the most complex conditions encountered by the driver.