The problem of photorespiration is overcome in C4 plants by a two-stage strategy that keeps CO 2 high and oxygen low in the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle operates. The class of plants called C3-C4 intermediates and the CAM plants also have better strategies than C3 plants for the avoidance of photorespiration.his loss to the system is why C3 plants will outperform C4 plants if there is a lot of water and sun. The C4 plants make some of that energy back in the fact that the rubisco is optimally used and the plant has to spend less energy synthesizing rubisco.
1 There are around 200 billion stars in the Milky Way alone.  VY Canis Majoris is the largest known star in our galaxy, if this star was in the center of our solar system its outer atmosphere would reach the orbit of Saturn.
As of 2006, the star with the highest known absolute magnitude is LBV 1806-20, with a magnitude of â14.2. This star is at least 5,000,000 times more luminous than the Sun. The least luminous stars that are currently known are located in the NGC 6397 cluster.