Time Required for Exams. Doctoral students periodically take a series of exams until they complete their Ph.D. program. During the first year of Ph.D. studies, candidates typically take a comprehensive exam to gauge their knowledge in a chosen field of study.
Leg cramps are common. The cause is not known in most cases. However, some medications and diseases sometimes cause leg cramps. Regular calf stretching exercises may prevent leg cramps. Quinine tablets may be advised as a last resort if you have cramps regularly. A leg cramp is a pain that comes from a leg muscle. It is due to a muscle spasm, which is when a muscle contracts too hard. It usually occurs in a calf muscle, below and behind a knee. The small muscles of the feet are sometimes affected.
Leg cramps Leg cramps, when a muscle in the leg tightens and doesn't loosen up, causes pain and bulging in the leg. Low potassium (hypokalemia) If the level of potassium in your blood drops below normal, it may cause low energy, leg cramps, and more. Muscle strain Muscle strain occurs when muscles are stressed, overworked, or injured due to physical activity or labor.