Reference Groups: A reference group is any group of people that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior (Schaefer). The term reference group was coined by Herbert Hymen in 1942 in a study of social class.
Fill in the orbitals according to the number of electrons in your atom. For instance, if we want to write an electron configuration for an uncharged calcium atom, we'll begin by finding its atomic number on the periodic table.
The atoms in a Lewis structure tend to share electrons so that each atom has eight electrons (the octet rule). The octet rule states that an atom in a molecule will be stable when there are eight electrons in its outer shell (with the exception of hydrogen, in which the outer shell is satisfied with two electrons).here the symbol represents the element (in this case, hydrogen, helium, and carbon) and the dots represent the electrons in the outer shell (in this case, one, two, and four). These diagrams are based on the electron structures learned in the Atomic Structure and Periodic Table chapters.