With the rise of the dynastic or monarchical state of Western Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the first European empires were founded; they coincided rather neatly with the reign of the new monarchs like Queen Elizabeth I or King Louis XIV.
Proteins are found in virtually every living system. They are the enzymes that are the driving force for our biological processes. They are the main components found in hair, skin, tissue and bone, and they provide the active basis for our immune response.Proteins are macromolecules (or polymers) composed of amino acids linked together by covalent peptide bonds.There are 20 different common amino acids, and they can be found in many different combinations (known as sequences) in protein molecules.roteins are found in virtually every living system. They are the enzymes that are the driving force for our biological processes. They are the main components found in hair, skin, tissue and bone, and they provide the active basis for our immune response.
CH 5. Structure & Function of Large Molecules: Macromolecules. Molecules of Life. All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently connected atoms. Molecular structure and function are inseparable. Macromolecules: Polymers built from Monomers A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. These small building-block molecules are called monomers. Three of the four classes of lifeâs organic molecules are polymers: Carbohydrates Proteins Nucleic acids Synthesis & Breakdown of Polymers A dehydration reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule.