Time Required for Exams. Doctoral students periodically take a series of exams until they complete their Ph.D. program. During the first year of Ph.D. studies, candidates typically take a comprehensive exam to gauge their knowledge in a chosen field of study.
Leg cramps are common. The cause is not known in most cases. However, some medications and diseases sometimes cause leg cramps. Regular calf stretching exercises may prevent leg cramps. Quinine tablets may be advised as a last resort if you have cramps regularly. A leg cramp is a pain that comes from a leg muscle. It is due to a muscle spasm, which is when a muscle contracts too hard. It usually occurs in a calf muscle, below and behind a knee. The small muscles of the feet are sometimes affected.
Painful experience. A few days after the race I did some research on leg cramps. My notes from then are the basis of this article. So why did I get those calf cramps? There is no clear cause for leg cramps. Surprising answer? But yes, the running experts are still uncertain. Eventhough a number of factors possibly causing calf cramps have been identified.