The free energy change (Î´G 0) for the adsorption process was found to be â12.60 kJ/mol. The results indicated that the biomass of Ulothrix zonata is a suitable biosorbent for both the removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater.hen, a given amount of inactivated dried U. zonata was suspended in double distilled water by homogenizing for 45 min in a Waring blender. An algal suspension was prepared in solidâliquid ratio of 10 g alg/l solution and used by diluting. The surface area of the biosorbent was determined to be 1.1 m 2 /g (BET-N 2).
A glass electrode is a type of ion-selective electrode made of a doped glass membrane that is sensitive to a specific ion. The most common application of ion-selective glass electrodes is for the measurement of pH. The pH electrode is an example of a glass electrode that is sensitive to hydrogen ions. Glass electrodes play an important part in the instrumentation for chemical analysis and physico-chemical studies.
Fluoride ions exist predominantly as hydrofluoric acid in acidic environments with a pH below 5.2. Fluoride ions corrode the glass. Therefore, the pH measurement with the glass electrode for a solution which includes fluoride ions is basically impossible. Although the useful life of the electrode may be shortened, however, the measurement with immersing the electrode in the sample for a given short time is possible.