Give an example of a beneficial effect of mutation. Mutation often produce proteins with new or altered function that can be useful to organisms in different or changing environments. For example, mutations have helped many insects resist chemical pesticides.
Generally, HOAs are exempt from state and federal income taxes if: 1  Most of its HOA units are used by individuals as residences. 2  It's organized and operated to buy, build, manage, maintain, and care for HOA property. 3  At least 60% of its gross income for the taxable year comes from HOA membership dues, fees, or assessments.
Tax exemption is a monetary exemption which reduces taxable income. Tax exempt status can provide complete relief from taxes, reduced rates, or tax on only a portion of items. Examples include exemption of charitable organizations from property taxes and income taxes, veterans, and certain cross-border or multi-jurisdictional scenarios.