Organic acids are of two types. One has the COOH group (the carboxyl group). An example is acetic acid (CH3COOH), the acid in vinegar. It is made by oxidizing grain alcohol or by the fermentation of the fruit sugar in cider. The other type has a phenol group, as in phenol (C6H5OH).
Calculate the total braking distance. This formula is 1/2 the initial velocity in feet per second multiplied by the time required to stop, which is 0.5 x 102.7 x 5.135 = 263.68. The calculated thinking distance is 2 x 102.7 = 205.4. Add the two numbers together. 469.08 feet is the total braking distance.
As an integral part of the stopping sight distance, a value for the brake reaction time must be assumed. Extensive research has shown that 90% of the driving population can react in 2.5 seconds or less. The brake reaction time normally used in design, therefore, is 2.5 seconds. The distance traveled during the brake reaction time can be calculated by multiplying the vehicle's initial speed by the brake reaction time.