1 An associate's degree in plumbing technology costs $3,000-$23,000. 2  Southwestern Illinois College offers an associate's degree program for $6,080 for in-district students and $23,744 for out-of-state tuition. Additional costs for plumbing training range from $500-$10,000, and may include books, tools, uniforms and living costs. 2  AC/C Tech in Indianapolis estimates additional plumbing program costs as $328 for tools and $369 for books, uniforms and safety equipment.
Louis Pasteur furthered the concept through his work in microbiology. The immunization was called vaccination because it was derived from a virus affecting cows (Latin: vaccaâcow). Smallpox was a contagious and deadly disease, causing the deaths of 20â60% of infected adults and over 80% of infected children.
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza, and may be harmful when taken inappropriately. In 1929, Alexander Fleming identified penicillin, the first chemical compound with antibiotic properties.ntibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in live-stock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance.