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PVR occurs in about 8â10% of patients undergoing primary retinal detachment surgery and prevents the successful surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PVR can be treated with surgery to reattach the detached retina but the visual outcome of the surgery is very poor.PVR was originally referred to as massive vitreous retraction and then as massive periretinal proliferation. The name Proliferative vitreo retinopathy was provided in 1989 by the Silicone Oil Study group. number of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFÎ±), transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFÎ² 2), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and interleukins have been shown to play a role in PVR progression.
When the blood sugar is high, the blood vessels get damaged, causing localized weak areas. Over time, these weak areas start to protrude out, forming a microaneurism. When an aneurism bursts, blood enters into the vitreous, causing a vitreous hemorrhage. Abnormal vessels that grow in response to low oxygen levels in retinal vascular conditions (proliferative diabetic retinopathy, vein occlusions, etc) are very fragile and tend to leak. Sometimes these abnormal vessels grow from the retina into the vitreous cavity and leak blood, causing a vitreous hemorrhage. Mechanical damage to the blood vessels of the retina can occur from a retinal tear or trauma to the eye. Like any other part of the body, if a blood vessel gets damaged, it will start to bleed.