However, unlike ethanol, methanol is highly toxic and unfit for consumption. At room temperature, it is a polar liquid, and is used as an antifreeze, solvent, fuel, and as a denaturant for ethanol. It is also used for producing biodiesel via transesterification reaction.f as little as 10 mL of pure methanol is ingested, for example, it can break down into formic acid, which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve, and 30 mL is potentially fatal, although the median lethal dose is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1â2 mL/kg body weight of pure methanol).
Present Value of a Perpetuity (t â â and n = mt â â). For a perpetuity, perpetual annuity, the number of periods t goes to infinity therefore n goes to infinity. The. term in equation (11) goes to 0 and the 1/(1 + i) n in the second term also goes to 0 leaving just formula (5).
Q. What exactly is Present Value in relation to a settlement offer? The carrier is making structure offers by quoting present value but won't tell me the cost. A. Present Value (PV) is merely an attempt to calculate a value to future payments in today's dollars. The mathematical calculation that is used in determining present value is dependent on the interest assumption (discount rate), which could be entirely arbitrary or could be based on an average. A difference of a percentage point could make a major difference in present value, possibly hundreds of thousands of dollars! Present Value offers are approximations. Should you rely on it to settle your case, without knowing the assumptions, you won't really know what you are settling for.