Inlet contraction exists if the anteroposterior diameter is 10 cm or less or if the transverse diameter is 11.5 cm or less. Midpelvic contraction exists if the sum of the measurements in centimeters of the interspinous diameter (normally 10.5 cm) and the posterior sagittal diameter (normally 5 cm) is 13.5 cm or less.
The juice that results from the cane crush is used to produce sugar and ethanol. Most of Brazil's 430 active mills can produce both. How much of each product is made varies according to market conditions and technical aspects of the mill's design.
What sugar replacers (polyols) are now used in the U.S.? Those currently used in foods in the U.S. are erythritol, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates (including maltitol syrups), isomalt, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol. Sugar replacers (polyols) do not participate in the Maillard reaction. 2  A significant amount of the unabsorbed sugar replacer (polyol) is metabolized to short chain fatty acids and gases by bacteria in the large intestine. 3  Absorbed sugar replacers (polyols) are generally metabolized by insulin-independent mechanisms.