Giving the disadvantages of bad currency, Groepe said, The quality of banknotes in circulation also poses a reputational risk for the central bank and in fact for the country. Central Banks meet in SA to improve currency security and cash management
When the marginal utility comes to zero or we say the point of satiety is reached, the total utility is the maximum. If consumption is increased further from this point of satiety, the marginal utility becomes negative and total utility begins to diminish. The relationship between total utility and marginal utility is now explained with the help of following schedule and a graph.
Because the supply curve is increased, more of the product is bought than the efficient amount--that is, too much of the product is produced and sold. Since marginal benefit is not equal to marginal cost, a deadweight welfare loss results. This graph shows the effect of a negative externality. The red line represents society's supply curve/marginal cost curve while the black line represents the marginal cost curve that the firm or industry with the negative externality faces. The optimal production quantity is Q', but the negative externality results in production of Q*.