Reflux nephropathy can also occur from swelling of the ureters after a kidney transplant or from injury to the ureter. Risk factors for reflux nephropathy include: 1  Abnormalities of the urinary tract.  Personal or family history of vesicoureteral reflux.
Diversion is an attempt to divert, or channel out, youthful offenders from the juvenile justice system (Bynum and Thompson, 1996:430). The concept of diversion is based on the theory that processing certain youth through the juvenile justice system may do more harm than good (Lundman, 1993).
the act of diverting or turning aside, as from a course or purpose:a diversion of industry into the war effort. a channel made to divert the flow of water from one course to another or to direct the flow of water draining from a piece of ground. British Termsa detour on a highway or road.