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In the process, the nucleus of an egg is inserted into the cytoplasm of an egg from a donor female which has had its nucleus removed, but still contains the donor female's mtDNA. The composite egg is then fertilized with the male's sperm.
In the case of humans, this means that parent cells have two chromosomes and gametes have one. During fertilization, gametes from the sperm combine with gametes from the egg to form a zygote. The zygote contains two sets of 23 chromosomes, for the required 46. All of the gametes in the motherâs eggs possess X chromosomes. The fatherâs sperm contains about half X and half Y chromosomes. The sperm are the variable factor in determining the sex of the baby. If the sperm carries an X chromosome, it will combine with the eggâs X chromosome to form a female zygote. If the sperm carries a Y chromosome, it will result in a male.