Test statistics that follow a chi-squared distribution arise from an assumption of independent normally distributed data, which is valid in many cases due to the central limit theorem. A chi-squared test can be used to attempt rejection of the null hypothesis that the data are independent.
Voles, also known as mice, live in field, forest, and shrub habitats. Voles can cause extensive damage when they move into our turf and landscaped gardens in search of food and shelter. Voles do not hibernate and are active throughout the year. They can reproduce year round having many litters per year.
Virginia Voles. Voles (Microtus spp.), which are commonly known as meadow or field mice, belong to the rodent family. There are 23 vole species found in different regions of the U.S. The range for each species is limited by specific habitat conditions. The most widely distributed vole species is the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Voles occupy areas with heavy ground cover, grasses, grass-like plants or litter.