Test statistics that follow a chi-squared distribution arise from an assumption of independent normally distributed data, which is valid in many cases due to the central limit theorem. A chi-squared test can be used to attempt rejection of the null hypothesis that the data are independent.
Voles, also known as mice, live in field, forest, and shrub habitats. Voles can cause extensive damage when they move into our turf and landscaped gardens in search of food and shelter. Voles do not hibernate and are active throughout the year. They can reproduce year round having many litters per year.
Voles are rodents that may remind you of mice. In fact, their alternate name is Field Mouse. However, their tails are much shorter than regular house mice, their bodies are stouter, eyes and ears are smaller and their molars are high crowned. There are at least 155 species of voles and they can grow from 3 to 9 inches. Voles can increase in numbers rapidly due to the quickness of their sexual maturity. Their litter can include up to nine babies making them able to have a little over a hundred voles in one year.