1 In-text citations in parenthesis, with only the author's last name and page number included (Smith, p. 4). 2  Double-spaced lines, but with no extra line breaks between each citation. 3  Footnotes (superscripted) also used to provide non-essential information.
Muscularis: The muscularis is responsible for segmental contractions and peristaltic movement in the GI tract. The muscularis is composed of two layers of muscle: an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.
Peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the esophagus is dependent on both central and peripheral mechanisms. The central mechanism involves patterned activation of the preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus that project onto inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the esophageal myenteric plexus.