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Aortic valve stenosis is usually defined by restricted systolic opening of the valve leaflets, with a mean transvalvular pressure gradient of at least 10 mm Hg. The cause of the stenosis can be further defined based on the anatomy and disease process affecting the valve.
Hi Anne, as I understand it there isn't really a pressure gradient through the valve if it is 'normal'. When the valve becomes narrowed by stenosis, the pressure inside the valve starts to become higher than the pressure outside the valve as the heart is squeezing the blood through a narrower aperture. If you listen to a heart beat with a murmur caused by this, you can hear a sort of 'swoosh' after the click. Listen to a normal heartbeat and there is no 'swoosh'. This helped me to picture the pressure gradient.