The happiness which forms the utilitarian standard of what is right in conduct, is not...(one's) own happiness, but that of all concerned. As between his own happiness and that of others, utilitarianism requires him to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator.
There are various types of cost curves, all related to each other, including total and average cost curves, and marginal (for each additional unit) cost curves, which are equal to the differential of the total cost curves. At a level of Q at which the MC curve is above the average total cost or average variable cost curve, the latter curve is rising. 2  If MC is below average total cost or average variable cost, then the latter curve is falling.
Total cost in economics includes the total opportunity cost of each factor of production as part of its fixed or variable costs. The rate at which total cost changes as the amount produced changes is called marginal cost.This is also known as the marginal unit variable cost.ne can decompose total costs as the sum of fixed costs and variable costs. In the Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis model, total costs are linear in volume. The total cost curve, if non-linear, can represent increasing and diminishing marginal returns.