1 In-text citations in parenthesis, with only the author's last name and page number included (Smith, p. 4). 2  Double-spaced lines, but with no extra line breaks between each citation. 3  Footnotes (superscripted) also used to provide non-essential information.
Muscularis: The muscularis is responsible for segmental contractions and peristaltic movement in the GI tract. The muscularis is composed of two layers of muscle: an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.
The wavelike contractions of the smooth muscle in the  gastrointestinal system are called peristalsis. The purpose of  peristalsis is to push boluses of food along the gastr â¦ ointestinal  tract. This is achieved by the waves of contractions in the smooth  muscle followed by relaxation of the muscles, pushing the bolus  (ball of food) a bit further along the digestive tract with each  contraction. These contractions move food or chyme through the  esophagus, and intestines.