Black oxide is a finish applied to iron and steel. There is also a ' black oxide' process applied to the copper inner layers of printed circuit boards, but that is another topic.
Since Fall begins at the end of September (usually September 22nd) and ends at the end of December (usually December 21st), it seems much more logical to say that October through December are considered Fall months instead of September through November. Views.
Only about 6 - 10 inches of precipitation (mostly snow) fall each year. Below the soil is the tundra's permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of earth. During the short summers the top layer of soil may thaw just long enough to let plants grow and reproduce.