The subcostal incision is also used for access to the liver for wedge resections; for the adrenal gland on either side; and the spleen if on the left side. When extended laterally on the right with the patient in a rotated position, the incision is used for portacaval shunts. The incision may be extended medially as an alternative to the upper midline incision. Bilateral subcostal incisions are used to access to liver for transplant and liver resections. The exposure is often helped with a vertical extension to the xyphoid. Specialized retractors such as the Olivier and some blades for the upper hand have been developed for this incision.
crouton: Chromium OS Universal Chroot Environment. crouton is a set of scripts that bundle up into an easy-to-use, Chromium OS-centric chroot generator.
Culottes are a form of split skirt. They are usually made full or calf length, and consist of a pair of loose, flowing trousers which strongly resemble a skirt until the wearer engages in vigorous physical activity. The shorter version is a skort, a pair of shorts with a flap of fabric in the front that turns them into a more modest skirt.