Power amplifiers are used in wireless transmitters, broadcast transmitters, and hi-fi audio equipment. The most frequently-used device for power amplification is the bipolar transistor. However, vacuum tubes, once considered obsolete, are becoming increasingly popular, especially among musicians.
Pulse oximetry is a procedure used to measure the oxygen level (or oxygen saturation) in the blood. It is considered to be a noninvasive, painless, general indicator of oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues (such as the finger, earlobe, or nose).ulse oximetry technology utilizes the light absorptive characteristics of hemoglobin and the pulsating nature of blood flow in the arteries to aid in determining the oxygenation status in the body.
Analysis of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) requires direct spectrophotometric measurement in specific blood gas analyzers. Bedside pulse carbon monoxide (CO)-oximetry is now available but requires a special unit and is not a component of routine pulse oximetry. A 2012 study showed that noninvasive pulse CO-oximetry correlates with more rapid diagnosis and initiation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy than laboratory CO-oximetry.