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Aortic valve stenosis is usually defined by restricted systolic opening of the valve leaflets, with a mean transvalvular pressure gradient of at least 10 mm Hg. The cause of the stenosis can be further defined based on the anatomy and disease process affecting the valve.
PG, as I understand it, the pressure gradient is essentially a comparison of blood pressure inside the heart on one side of a heart valve with the blood pressure on the outside of the valve. In the best of all possible worlds, the pressure should be the same on both side so there is no difference or gradient.