One or more of the following symptoms indicate the deterioration of kidney function: 1  Itching. 2  Nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. 3  Swollen ankles. 4  Tiredness and fatigue. 5  Muscle cramps. 6  Change in urine volume, (there can be an increase or decrease in the amount of urine passed daily) 7  Shortness of breath. 8  Sleep disturbance.
Reference Pricing. With reference-based pricing, employers set a pricing cap on the maximum amount that they will cover for certain medical services that have wide cost variations, such as knee and hip replacement surgery.
A point of service plan, is a type of managed care health insurance plan in the United States. It combines characteristics of the health maintenance organization (HMO) and the preferred provider organization (PPO).The POS is based on a managed care foundation---lower medical costs in exchange for more limited choice. But POS health insurance does differ from other managed care plans.Enrollees in a POS plan are required to choose a primary care physician from within the health care network; this PCP becomes their point of service.The PCP may make referrals outside the network, but with lesser compensation offered by the patient's health insurance company.nrollees in a POS plan are required to choose a primary care physician from within the health care network; this PCP becomes their point of service.