Income Exclusion Rule. DEFINITION of 'Income Exclusion Rule'. A rule that sets aside certain types of income as nontaxable. There are many types of income that qualify under this rule, such as life insurance death benefit proceeds, child support, welfare and municipal bond income. Income that is excluded is not reported anywhere on Form 1040.
Ancestral vs derived alleles. An ancestral allele or an ancestral trait (depending on whether you look at the phenotype or a t the genotype) is the trait/allele that was carried by the common ancestor of the taxon you consider.
When the allelic frequency in a population reaches 1.0, the allele is the only one left in the population, and it becomes fixed for that allele. The other allele is permanently lost. In populations in which an allele has become either fixed or lost, the process of random genetic drift stops at that locus. Without further input (mutation), the populations that have allelic frequencies of 1.0 or 0 for either allele will maintain those allelic frequencies forever.