Mongoloid is a term for certain asians. They share outward traits like epicanthic folds and fattier cheekbones for example. This caused people in the west to associate it with down-syndrome. After a while people realized the unfortunate implication and renamed the medical term âdown-syndromeâ instead.
The answer depends a lot on what country and what institution you're referring to. So there's no single answer. In the US, an instructor (also sometimes called a lecturer) is someone, often without a PhD, whose only job is to teach (part-time or full-time).
In a seminar, it is the students who are the presenters and the professor has only a limited role. In a lecture, the professor dictates and the students take notes. In a lecture, the students have the opportunity to ask questions and clarify any questions instantly. In a seminar, the professor does not have as much of a role as he just oversees or guides the class.