1 In-text citations in parenthesis, with only the author's last name and page number included (Smith, p. 4). 2  Double-spaced lines, but with no extra line breaks between each citation. 3  Footnotes (superscripted) also used to provide non-essential information.
Muscularis: The muscularis is responsible for segmental contractions and peristaltic movement in the GI tract. The muscularis is composed of two layers of muscle: an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.
Understandably, investigators have focused on the role of the circular smooth muscle in esophageal peristalsis; however, the longitudinal muscle also contracts in sequential fashion during peristalsis and appears to play a role in bolus transport.