Find out when teenagers need to file a tax return and how to file a tax return for a teenager. 2011 Income Requirements for Teenagers: For the 2011 tax year, which is filed in 2012, teenagers claimed as a dependent on your return must file their own taxes if they meet any of the following conditions: 1  Earned income is greater than $5,800. 2  Unearned income is greater than $950. 3  Self-employment net earnings are greater than $400.
Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation.
This process makes energy available for cell activity in the form of a high-energy phosphate compound known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Alcoholic fermentation is identical to glycolysis except for the final step (Fig. 1). In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Lactic acid from glycolysis produces a feeling of tiredness; the products of alcoholic fermentation have been used in baking and brewing for centuries.