Test statistics that follow a chi-squared distribution arise from an assumption of independent normally distributed data, which is valid in many cases due to the central limit theorem. A chi-squared test can be used to attempt rejection of the null hypothesis that the data are independent.
Voles, also known as mice, live in field, forest, and shrub habitats. Voles can cause extensive damage when they move into our turf and landscaped gardens in search of food and shelter. Voles do not hibernate and are active throughout the year. They can reproduce year round having many litters per year.
A. We typically use poison to get rid of voles. Our methods depend on the species of vole, the terrain involved, whether or not they are in a structure and a variety of other factors. Of the 23 species of vole present in the United States, 8 cause the majority of damage.