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Overview. Effectors The somatic nervous system stimulates skeletal muscles, while the ANS innervates cardiac and smooth muscle and glands. Efferent Pathways and Ganglia In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate.The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain.fferent Pathways and Ganglia. In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate. The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain.
Examples of effectors are as follows: (1) allosteric effectors, (2) bacterial effectors, and (3) fungal effectors (e.g. apoplastic effectors and cytoplasmic effectors). In other biological contexts, the term effector is used to describe an organ, a gland, or a muscle that responds to a nerve impulse.upplement. In biochemistry, an effector is that molecule that binds to a specific protein, and regulates the latter's biological activity. An effector molecule acts as a ligand that is capable of increasing or decreasing the activity of that protein.