Lie on your back with the leg you want to exercise straight. The other knee should be bent to support your lower back. Tighten the muscle on the top of your thigh and lift to the level of your other knee. Slowly lower.
While it was originally believed that most vascular malformations are present at birth (congential), cavernous malformation lesions may develop throughout the lifetime of the affected individual. Other vascular malformations are not congenital, but are caused by trauma, radiation, or other injury to the spinal cord.
The causes of hypovolaemic shock are : Loss of blood, which may be revealed or occult. Trauma, which may lead to visible bleeding or rupture of an internal organ like the spleen or liver. A fractured femur will bleed about half a litre and a fractured pelvis will lose about one litre of blood - note these volumes vary according to age/weight.