Find out when teenagers need to file a tax return and how to file a tax return for a teenager. 2011 Income Requirements for Teenagers: For the 2011 tax year, which is filed in 2012, teenagers claimed as a dependent on your return must file their own taxes if they meet any of the following conditions: 1  Earned income is greater than $5,800. 2  Unearned income is greater than $950. 3  Self-employment net earnings are greater than $400.
Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation.
You know that tempeh is a fermented food, but what is fermentation exactly? The scientific meaning of fermentation is the energy-yielding anaerobic metabolism of a nutrients, such as sugars, without oxidation. Fermentation converts these nutrients mainly into lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol.These are fermentation end product of some microorganisms: In a broader meaning, fermentation refers to the growth of microorganisms on food.Here no distinction is made between aerobic (oxygen is used) and anaerobic (no oxygen is used) metabolism. We will here use this broader meaning of fermentation.n a broader meaning, fermentation refers to the growth of microorganisms on food. Here no distinction is made between aerobic (oxygen is used) and anaerobic (no oxygen is used) metabolism. We will here use this broader meaning of fermentation.