Mongoloid is a term for certain asians. They share outward traits like epicanthic folds and fattier cheekbones for example. This caused people in the west to associate it with down-syndrome. After a while people realized the unfortunate implication and renamed the medical term âdown-syndromeâ instead.
The answer depends a lot on what country and what institution you're referring to. So there's no single answer. In the US, an instructor (also sometimes called a lecturer) is someone, often without a PhD, whose only job is to teach (part-time or full-time).
Teaching experience is an important qualification for academic positions. Generally, professors teach as graduate instructors for at least four or five years before attaining their doctorates, and must demonstrate excellence in teaching to be hired.