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DNA is in an incredible structure. This tightly coiled molecule houses the genes that an organism needs to grow and survive, and packing them all inside a cell's nucleus is an incredible feat. slide 1 of 2. The DNA length varies in different organisms. The DNA of a virus may be as small as a few thousand base pairs. However, the DNA of E. coli, a bacterium has 4 million base pairs and the human genome contains 6 billion base pairs. In general, the more complex the organism, the greater the DNA content in its cells.
Cells need to copy their DNA when they divide. This process is called DNA replication. To understand how DNA is copied, we first need to understand the structure of DNA. DNA is made of two long strands that wrap around each other to make the famous double helix. Each strand is composed of a sequence of molecules called nucleotides.