These are the main classes of antibiotics. Most antibiotics have 2 names, the trade or brand name, created by the drug company that manufactures the drug, and a generic name, based on the antibiotic's chemical structure or chemical class. Trade names such as Keflex and Zithromax are capitalized.
Barbiturates such as Phenobarbitol or Phenobarbitone can cause depletion of calcium, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin K, and biotin. Phenytoin such as Dilantin can deplete a wide range of nutrients including biotin, calcium, folic acid, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, vitamin D and vitamin K.
The nicotinamide coenzymes are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP +). Both are derived from the vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid) (Fig. 7.7), the deficiency of which causes the disease pellagra. Niacin is present in many cereals, meat, and legumes.e will use this chapter to introduce all of the vitamins and coenzymes. In a few cases--NAD + , FAD, coenzyme A--the mechanisms of action will be covered. For the remainder of the water-soluble vitamins, discussion of function will be delayed until we encounter them in metabolism.