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The Mass Spectrometer. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
Summary. 1  Photoelectron spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool used by chemists to determine the electronic structure of atoms and molecules. 2  Photoelectron spectrometers ionize samples by bombarding them with high-energy radiation, such as UV or x-rays, and detecting the number and kinetic energy of ejected electrons.