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The Mass Spectrometer. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
Thermal Imaging. Here's how thermal imaging works: 1  A special lens focuses the infrared light emitted by all of the objects in view. 2  The focused light is scanned by a phased array of infrared-detector elements. 3  The detector elements create a very detailed temperature pattern called a thermogram.