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Cato was born of plebeian stock and fought as a military tribune in the Second Punic War. His oratorical and legal skills and his rigid morality attracted the notice of the patrician Lucius Valerius Flaccus, who helped him begin a political career at Rome.
The cognomen Cato went back in the family at least to his great-grandfather Cato, who was more than once rewarded for bravery, and was reimbursed from public funds, five times successively, when war-horses of his were killed in battle (Plutarch, Cato 1.1).