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The Mass Spectrometer. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of 1 mm to 1 m. Maser refers to microwave beam which is amplified by using coherent stimulated radiation emission. The outer electrons which are in high energy state of molecule are bombarded by a photon; it causes the electron to move down in energy level.