In this article the authors discuss how the research paradigm and methodology work together to form a research study. The qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods debate is then discussed as it pertains to the decisions that need to be made by the researcher.t is, therefore, a priority of this article to 'demystify' the role of paradigms in research. The article then moves to a discussion of methodology as it relates to the research paradigm.
The classic formula for determining the bending stress in a beam under simple bending is: = where. is the bending stress â the moment about the neutral axis â the perpendicular distance to the neutral axis
Strain = A change in shape or volume in response to a stress. Stress is the cause, strain is the effect! There are three types of stress: 1) Compressive stress  Forces that squeeze or push toward one another from opposite directions (cause shortening or flattening). 2) Tensional stress  Forces that pull away from one another in opposite directions (cause stretching or extension). 3) Shear stress  Forces that are offset from one another and operate in opposite directions (cause a shear strain). The behavior of rock during stress depends on: 1) The type of rock. 2) The type and amount of stress.