Upon analysis of the participantsâ urine after smoking the hookah, compared with before smoking the hookah, urine levels of nicotine were increased 73-fold and levels of cotinine (which is a metabolite of nicotine) were increased four-fold.
Angina is caused by reduced blood flow to your heart muscle. Your blood carries oxygen, which your heart muscle needs to survive. When your heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen, it causes a condition called ischemia. The most common cause of reduced blood flow to your heart muscle is coronary artery disease (CAD). Your heart (coronary) arteries can become narrowed by deposits called plaques. This is called atherosclerosis. This reduced blood flow is a supply problem â your heart is not getting enough oxygen-rich blood. You may wonder why you don't always have angina if your heart arteries are narrowed due to fatty buildup.
causes damage to the Left side of the heart. Aortic Valve Stenosis. means the aortic valve is not opening during systole so now the heart has to work harder to push the blood out of the smaller opening. This increases afterload to the left side of the heart f causes Forward Heart failure. Pulmonic Valve Stenosis. causes forward Heart failure on the right side of the heart.