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The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is a reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity (luminance) of light that falls on the retinal ganglion cells of the eye, thereby assisting in adaptation to various levels of lightness/darkness.he pupillary reflex pathway begins with the photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, which convey information to the optic nerve (via the optic disc). The optic nerve connects to the pretectal nucleus of the upper midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex.
A withdrawal reflex, also known as a flexor reflex, is a polysynaptic reflex arc. Sensory and motor neurons are part of this reflex, as are association neurons. Pain is the most obvious stimuli that initiates the flexor reflex, as painful stimuli sets the whole reflex into action. reflex arc is in fact the simplest and most primitive nerve pathway in the human body. A reflex arc is designed to administer unconscious automatic actions which are determined to be protective in nature to keep a body in homeostasis.