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The Mass Spectrometer. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
Lasers, on the other hand, work by stimulating transitions between electron energy levels in a bunch of atoms. Energy levels in atoms differ by a very precise amount, and when a transition occurs (an electron moves from a higher energy state to a lower one), the energy is lost in the form of a photon.