When Shiga toxin is released from an E. coli O157:H7 bacterium, it can translocate to organs other than the digestive tract such as the kidneys and central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). This can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and/or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) .
A strategy called dollar-cost averaging can help reduce risks surrounding an asset falling in price. The concept is straightforward - you invest a fixed amount of money in an asset once every fixed time period.
An investor looking at companies with large R&D expenditures should think hard about whether a single company's R&D spending is an expense (like buying rubber to produce tires) or whether it is an investment (like buying machinery to produce tires more efficiently).