1 Pharmaceutical microbiology: The study of microorganisms that are related to the production of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins,vaccines, and other pharmaceutical products and that cause pharmaceutical contamination and spoil. This field can be further classified into the following: 2  Plant microbiology and Plant pathology: The study of the interactions between microorganisms and plants and plant pathogens. 3  Soil microbiology: The study of those microorganisms that are found in soil.
According to National Geographic, the average lifespan for a giraffe in the wild is 25 years. Giraffes have been known to live longer when in captivity in zoos.
A herd of about 40 giraffes is mostly composed of females and calves with several bulls, or male giraffes mixed in. The young male giraffes move together with the older males and are more solitary and love to live alone. While in captivity, a giraffe can live for about 28 years or even longer. Many giraffes do not make it into adulthood because more than half of all calves are killed by hyenas, lions, and other predators within the first year after birth.