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The Mass Spectrometer. In order to measure the characteristics of individual molecules, a mass spectrometer converts them to ions so that they can be moved about and manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields. The three essential functions of a mass spectrometer, and the associated components, are:
How it works â In detail. The CLSM is based on a conventional optical microscope but instead of a lamp, a laser beam is focused onto the sample (Figure 1). The intensity of the laser light is adjusted by neutral density filters and brought to a set of scanning mirrors that can move them very precisely and quickly.