Before starting the bending operations the hydraulic pressure / water level / flow switches etc. are checked. The pipe is now heated by induction to the temp of 815 - 995 C. By pushing the pipe by push clamp the bending of the pipe is started slowly and carried out at speed of 10 - 40 mm/min. The bending operation is stopped at the specified angle of bend and predetermined arc length.
For example; 'income' is a variable that can vary between data units in a population (i.e. the people or businesses being studied may not have the same incomes) and can also vary over time for each data unit (i.e. income can go up or down). A continuous variable is a numeric variable.
Fixed costs often include rent, buildings, machinery, etc. Variable costs are costs that vary with output. Generally variable costs increase at a constant rate relative to labor and capital. Variable costs may include wages, utilities, materials used in production, etc. In accounting they also often refer to mixed costs. These are simply costs that are part fixed and part variable.