(Concept 3.3) A buffer causes acidic solutions to become alkaline, and alkaline solutions to become acidic. A buffer stabilizes the pH of a solution by preventing acids or bases from dissociating. A buffer accepts hydrogen ions when they are in excess and donates hydrogen ions when they have been depleted.
Ivan IV, The Terrible, was crowned Russia's first Tsar at the age of 17. Ivan the Terrible was the fallen angel. He set up a bodyguard that has been described as Russia's first 'secret police' - the Oprichniki - as a religious brotherhood sworn to protecting God's Tsar.
The Facts. 1  Born in 1530. 2  Son of Vasili III, who died when Ivan was only three years old. 3  Crowned Grand Prince of Moscow in 1533 after his fatherâs death, but his mother acted as regent until her death in 1538 (possibly assassinated by poison). 4  Crowned âTsar of All the Russiasâ at age 16 in 1547.