(Concept 3.3) A buffer causes acidic solutions to become alkaline, and alkaline solutions to become acidic. A buffer stabilizes the pH of a solution by preventing acids or bases from dissociating. A buffer accepts hydrogen ions when they are in excess and donates hydrogen ions when they have been depleted.
Ivan IV, The Terrible, was crowned Russia's first Tsar at the age of 17. Ivan the Terrible was the fallen angel. He set up a bodyguard that has been described as Russia's first 'secret police' - the Oprichniki - as a religious brotherhood sworn to protecting God's Tsar.
Nicholas II was the last Tsar of Russia born on 6/18 May 1868, shot by Bolsheviks with the rest of his family and some loyal staff on July 17 1918 His autocratic tendencies â¦helped bring down the Romanov Dynasty and Imperial Russia, He was forced to abdicate the throne on March 2/15 1917.