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Cohort Study is an observational study in which a group of individuals â a cohort â are followed over a period of time in order to determine either the incidence rate of certain diseases or the risk factors that lead to those diseases. These studies can be either prospective or retrospective.
In this respect, a cohort study is often interchangeable with the term naturalistic observation. There are two main sub-types of cohort study, the retrospective and the prospective cohort study. The major difference between the two is that the retrospective looks at phenomena that have already happened, whilst the prospective type starts from the present. . The retrospective case study is historical in nature.