Opioids are substances that act on the nervous system in a similar way to opiates such as morphine and codeine. In a medical context the term usually indicates medications that are artificially made rather than extracted from opium.any of the alkaloids and other derivatives of the opium poppy are not opioids or narcotics; the best example is the smooth-muscle relaxant papaverine. Noscapine is a marginal case as it does have CNS effects but not necessarily similar to morphine, and it is probably in a category all its own.
Modified radical mastectomy This type of mastectomy is usually done to treat invasive cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes. During the mastectomy the breast tissue and a strip of skin with the nipple is removed.
The procedure may take up to three hours, depending on how severe the infection is. There are multiple types of mastoidectomy. The simplest form of the surgery involves the removal of mastoid cells only; no bone is removed, and the risk of hearing loss and other side effects is low. In a radical mastoidectomy, some of the mastoid bone must be removed from the inner ear.