Mariner 9, the first spacecraft to successfully go into orbit around Mars launched on May 30, 1971, and arrived November 13, 1971 for a duration of 167 days. This is the same pattern that has held up for more almost 50 years of Mars exploration: approximately 150-300 days.
Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries, most notably Nazi Germany before and during World War II.
German military messages enciphered on the Enigma machine were first broken by the Polish Cipher Bureau, beginning in December 1932. This success was a result of efforts by three Polish cryptologists, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy RoÅ¼ycki rÃ³Å¼ycki And Henryk, zygalski working For polish military. intelligencehiffriermaschinen AG began advertising a rotor machineâ Enigma model A âwhich was exhibited at the Congress of the International Postal Union in 1923â1924. The machine was heavy and bulky, incorporating a typewriter.