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Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three components: a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.If the sugar is deoxyribose, the polymer is DNA.If the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA.When sugar and a nitrogenous base get combined they form a nucleotide. Nucleotides are also known as phosphate nucleotides. Nucleic acids are among the most important biological macromolecules (others being amino acids/proteins, sugars/carbohydrates, and lipids/fats).f the sugar is ribose, the polymer is RNA. When sugar and a nitrogenous base get combined they form a nucleotide. Nucleotides are also known as phosphate nucleotides. Nucleic acids are among the most important biological macromolecules (others being amino acids/proteins, sugars/carbohydrates, and lipids/fats).
DNA polymers are built from individual nucleotides by linking the phosphate of one nucleotide to the #3 carbon of the neighboring nucleotide. The repeating pattern of phosphate, sugar, then phosphate again is commonly referred to as the backbone of the molecule. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.urines: Guanine and Adenine each have a double ring made up of a five-atom ring attached by one side to a six-atom ring. The order of nucleotides along DNA polymers encode the genetic information carried by DNA. DNA polymers can be tens of millions of nucleotides long.