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Cohort Study is an observational study in which a group of individuals â a cohort â are followed over a period of time in order to determine either the incidence rate of certain diseases or the risk factors that lead to those diseases. These studies can be either prospective or retrospective.
A panel study is also a longitudinal study. The key difference between a cohort study and a panel study is that unlike in the case of a cohort study, in a panel study the same individuals are used in throughout the study. This allows the researcher to examine the exact changes that have taken place over time.