Summers was on the staff of the Council of Economic Advisers under President Reagan in 1982â1983. He also served as an economic adviser to the Dukakis Presidential campaign in 1988. Summers left Harvard in 1991 and served as Vice President of Development Economics and Chief Economist for the World Bank until 1993.
The late majority are skepticalâthey adopt an innovation only after a majority of people have tried it. Finally, laggards are tradition boundâthey are suspicious of changes and adopt the innovation only when it has become something of a tradition itself. Comments by Dr. Laukamm Add/Edit Comments
There is even a specialized discipline, research ethics, which studies these norms. See Glossary of Commonly Used Terms in Research Ethics. There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize error.