JiMi Boo correct. I'd say oblate spheriod too, which is also the shape of the earth because the earth is slightly flatter at the poles than a true sphere. Skittles are much flatter at the poles/face side.
Monetary policy is the control of money supply by the central bank (so in Britain it is the Bank of England and in the US it's the Federal Reserve). Inflation can be caused because aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply therefore by reducing consumer spending and investment it can alleviate inflation.
In the UK and US, monetary policy is the most important tool for maintaining low inflation. In the UK, monetary policy is set by the MPC of the Bank of England. They are given an inflation target by the government. This inflation target is 2%+/-1 and the MPC use interest rates to try and achieve this target.