Executive summary. NaOH (sodium hydroxide or caustic soda) is a by-product of the chlorine-alkali. process. As this process is determined by the long-term demand for chlorine, changes. in demand for NaOH does not affect the output of NaOH from this process. An analysis of the NaOH market reveals that long-term changes in demand for NaOH.
2015 Average Federal Income Taxes Paid by State. The average taxpayer in the United States paid $12,978 in federal income taxes in 2015. How does that compare to where you live?
The United States federal government taxes personal income using a graduated scale. Personal income tax rates start at 10% and gradually increase to 15%, then 25%, then 28%, then 33%, then 35%, and finally reaching a top rate of 39.6%. Each tax rate applies to a specific range of income.