Another passive process is osmosis. This is the process by which water crosses a cell membrane either into or out of the cell, but always into the solution that has the higher total concentration of solutes. Dr Aziz.
The flying buttress is the defining external characteristic of gothic architecture. These buttresses act to spread the weight of the tall walls. They support the structure by transferring force directly to the ground. The flying buttress was not just practical, though.
English and French churches in Gothic style were constructed of stone masonry with pointed arches, ribbed vaults and a buttressing system to counteract the outward thrust of the stone vaults and the weight of the timber roofs.