The Renaissance began in Italy in the 14th century, and reached its height in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries. Great developments were made in the arts (by such notables as Leonardo Di Vinci, Michelangelo, Cervantes, and Shakespeare). Machiavelli was the political thinker of the age.
Orthostatic vital signs are also taken after surgery. A patient is considered to have orthostatic hypotension when the systolic blood pressure falls by more than 20 mm Hg, the diastolic blood pressure falls by more than 10 mm Hg, or the pulse rises by more than 20 beats per minute within 3 minutes of standing.
Tilt-table testing can be used to confirm a diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension. Tilt-table testing involves placing the patient on a table with a foot support. The table is tilted upward, and blood pressure and pulse are measured while symptoms are recorded in various positions. Also known as postural hypotension.