Piperine is extracted from black pepper using dichloromethane. Aqueous hydrotropes can be used in the extraction to result in high yield and selectivity. The amount of piperine varies from 1â2% in long pepper, to 5â10% in commercial white and black peppers.
The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the Department of Defense. The current Secretary of Defense is Chuck Hagel, who was nominated by President Barack H. Obama and approved by the US Senate on February 27, 2013.
December 8, 2016. Now that the position of defense secretary is set, the Trump transition team is focusing on selecting the civilian heads of the Army, Navy and Air Force. One of the top contenders for secretary of the Army is the colonel who led the mission that captured Saddam Hussein. For the last two years, retired Col. James Hickey has been the senior military adviser for the Senate Armed Services Committee, with a portfolio that includes the Army and the Air Force.