What is the definition of a dominant trait in biology? What is the difference between biology and AP biology? What is the difference between molecular biology and cell biology?
DNA gyrase, often referred to simply as gyrase, is an enzyme that relieves strain while double-strand DNA is being unwound by helicase. It is also known as DNA topoisomerase II. This causes negative supercoiling of the DNA. Bacterial DNA gyrase is the target of many antibiotics, including nalidixic acid, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin.
Plasmid is the other important element in the transformation system. Plasmid encodes some enzymes and antibiotic resistant markers which are expressed in the bacterium after transformation. When transformation occurs, the DNA transferred is often a plasmid: small, circular DNA found naturally in many bacteria.