Piperine is extracted from black pepper using dichloromethane. Aqueous hydrotropes can be used in the extraction to result in high yield and selectivity. The amount of piperine varies from 1â2% in long pepper, to 5â10% in commercial white and black peppers.
The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the Department of Defense. The current Secretary of Defense is Chuck Hagel, who was nominated by President Barack H. Obama and approved by the US Senate on February 27, 2013.
John F. Kelly Sworn In As Fifth Secretary of Homeland Security. WASHINGTON â Today, retired Marine Corps General John F. Kelly was officially sworn in as the fifth Secretary of Homeland Security. Secretary Kelly took the oath this evening after the Senate voted to confirm him.