Piperine is extracted from black pepper using dichloromethane. Aqueous hydrotropes can be used in the extraction to result in high yield and selectivity. The amount of piperine varies from 1â2% in long pepper, to 5â10% in commercial white and black peppers.
The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the Department of Defense. The current Secretary of Defense is Chuck Hagel, who was nominated by President Barack H. Obama and approved by the US Senate on February 27, 2013.
Eric Fanning, formerly one of Defense Secretary Ash Carterâs closest advisers, has been nominated to be the next Army secretary, the White House announced Friday. Fanning has been serving as the acting under secretary of the Army since June. Before that, he served as Carterâs chief of staff. If confirmed by the Senate, Fanning will succeed Army Secretary John McHugh, who has said he will leave the post by Nov. 1 after six years on the job. âEric brings many years of proven experience and exceptional leadership to this new role,â President Obama said in a statement.