Carbon dioxide cannot pass through the protective waxy layer covering the leaf (cuticle), but it can enter the leaf through an opening (the stoma; plural = stomata; Greek for hole) flanked by two guard cells. Likewise, oxygen produced during photosynthesis can only pass out of the leaf through the opened stomata.
There are two types of damages that may be awarded by the court, âcompensatory,â and âpunitive.â Compensatory damages, also referred to as âactual damages,â provide a plaintiff with the amount of money necessary to restore them to the financial state they were in prior to the action, or to replace what was lost.
In general, the amount of punitive damages cannot exceed four times the amount of compensatory damages that are awarded to a plaintiff. For instance, if a plaintiff is awarded $50,000 in compensatory damages, the court would not typically award him more than $200,000 in punitive damages, unless special circumstances existed.