The Czech Republic's climate. The Czech Republic lies in a temperate climate zone with pleasantly mild summers and winters with only moderate amounts of precipitation. The average annual temperature ranges from 5.5C (42F ) to 10C (50F ), but temperatures are lower in the mountains.
Linear vs logarithmic scales. 1  Human hearing is better measured on a logarithmic scale than a linear scale. 2  On a linear scale, a change between two values is perceived on the basis of the difference between the values.  On a logarithmic scale, a change between two values is perceived on the basis of the ratio of the two values.
This one is relatively simple. Very similar names for two totally different concepts. Hierarchical Models (aka Hierarchical Linear Models or HLM) are a type of linear regression models in which the observations fall into hierarchical, or completely nested levels. Hierarchical Models are a type of Multilevel Models.