The theory is considered  constructivist  , meaning that , unlike nativist theories ( which describe cognitive development as the unfolding of innate knowledge and abilities ) or empiricist theories ( which describe cognitive development as the gradual acquisition of knowledge through experience ) , it asserts that we construct our cognitive ...
Introduction. The population frequency of a bicuspid aortic valve is â0.9% to 1.36%, 1â3 with a 2:1 male:female ratio. It is likely that the presence of a bicuspid aortic valve has a genetic basis, with the pattern of transmission in some families suggesting an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
Normal valves have three leafs (tricuspid), but some valves have two leaflets (bicuspid). Typically, aortic stenosis due to calcification of a bicuspid valve appears earlier, in the 40s and 50s, while aortic stenosis due to calcification of a normal valve appears later, in the 70s and 80s. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia and uremia may speed up the process.