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The abnormality of HF is due to the presence of hydrogen bonding. They are covalent substances soluble in polar solvents. The bond strength of HX decreases down the group as the bonds become less polar. This property governs the reactivity of the halides.
A polar bond is formed when electrons are unequally shared between two atoms. Polar covalent bonding occurs because one atom has a stronger affinity for electrons than the other (yet not enough to pull the electrons away completely and form an ion). good example of a polar covalent bond is the hydrogen-oxygen bond in the water molecule. Water molecules contain two hydrogen atoms (pictured in red) bonded to one oxygen atom (blue). Oxygen, with six valence electrons, needs two additional electrons to complete its valence shell. Each hydrogen contains one electron.