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What is the Deficit? The federal government deficit is the current gap between the money brought in as revenue and the money going out as spending. The federal government debt is the cumulative amount of money borrowed. You probably have to incur debt to cover a deficit, but a deficit can be temporary while a debt may stick around for a while.
If the government covers a deficit by borrowing money, then that will increase the national debt. When times are good and tax income is higher than spending, governments can pay back part of the debt and it will come down. The difference between the deficit and the national debt is crucial. The deficit is a snapshot of how the country's finances are doing in any one year. The national debt takes into account what has happened in the past too. A country with a smaller national debt can easily run a big deficit for a few years.