Monitoring is the regular observation and recording of activities taking place in a project or programme. It is a process of routinely gathering information on all aspects of the project. To monitor is to check on how project activities are progressing. It is observation; â systematic and purposeful observation. Monitoring also involves giving feedback about the progress of the project to the donors, implementors and beneficiaries of the project.
The arctangent of x is defined as the inverse tangent function of x when x is real (x ââ). When the tangent of y is equal to x: tan y = x. Then the arctangent of x is equal to the inverse tangent function of x, which is equal to y: arctan x= tan-1 x = y. Example. arctan 1 = tan-1 1 = Ï/4 rad = 45Â° Graph of arctan. Arctan rules
Note that in the notation (commonly used in North America and in pocket calculators worldwide), denotes the tangent and the inverse function, not the multiplicative inverse. The principal value of the inverse tangent is implemented as ArcTan[z] in the Wolfram Language. In the GNU C library, it is implemented as atan(double x). The inverse tangent is a multivalued function and hence requires a branch cut in the complex plane, which the Wolfram Language's convention places at and . This follows from the definition of as (1)