Conversion heating - This involves the conversion of one energy form (eg, light, sound) into another (heat). Superficial heat is produced by heat lamps or radiant light bakers, with heat being transferred when the conveying medium (light energy) is converted to heat energy at the skin surface.
Surgery may be an option for Achilles tendinosis if other treatments, including physical therapy, ultrasound, massage and shockwave therapy, fail to bring pain relief. General anesthesia is commonly used. Regional anesthesia that numbs the leg may also be used.
Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery Go to Academy Store Learn more and Purchase. Historically, cataract surgery was performed without anesthesia. Karl Koller used topical cocaine anesthesia of the limbus in the late 1800s. Retrobulbar anesthesia was first described in 1884 by Herman Knapp, who injected 4% cocaine for ocular anesthesia prior to enucleation surgery. The modern technique of retrobulbar anesthesia, described in 1945 by Walter Atkinson, allowed the evolutionary advances of peribulbar and sub-Tenon anesthesia.