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Overview. 1  Quinine, a bitter tasting powder made from the bark of the cinchona tree, is known mainly for its use in malaria treatment. 2  Tonic water, a bitter liquid sometimes used as a mix for alcoholic drinks, contains only a small amount of quinine compared to quinine medications.
Quinine was the first effective Western treatment for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, appearing in therapeutics in the 17th century. It remained the antimalarial drug of choice until the 1940s, when other drugs, such as chloroquine, that have fewer unpleasant side effects replaced it.uinine is also used to treat lupus and arthritis. In the past, quinine was frequently prescribed in the US as an off-label treatment for nocturnal leg cramps, but this has become less prevalent due to a Food and Drug Administration statement warning against the practice.