I n a not so distant past, beer was brewed with an extended and varied array of botanical ingredients. Herbs, roots and spices where used by our European ancestors in order to give their beers distinct tastes, flavours and properties. These botanicals where sometimes referred to as Gruit, hence Gruit Ale.
Vygotskyâs theory is called a socio-cultural theory of cognitive development. He believed that children, in different cultures, learn ways of thinking that are necessary to live in their own culture and community. Children in different cultures develop unique cognitive strengths.
According to Erik Erikson, a prominent developmental theorist of the 1950's, youth must resolve two life crises during adolescence. Unlike many other developmental theorists of his era, Erikson's psychosocial theory of human development covers the entire lifespan, including adulthood. Erikson used the term crisis to describe a series of internal conflicts that are linked to developmental stages.