A blood calcium level that is too HIGH, and is associated with a HIGH parathyroid hormone level MUST be due to a tumor in the parathyroid gland. That is, the high blood calcium is a result of the excess parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is the parathyroid gland that is the problem.
Urethral sphincters. The urethral sphincters are two muscles used to control the exit of urine in the urinary bladder through the urethra. The two muscles are either the male or female external urethral sphincter and the internal urethral sphincter. When either of these muscles contracts, the urethra is sealed shut.
Parasympathetic Stimulation causes reflexive urination. 1. causes Detrusor muscle in the walls of the urinary bladder to contract and put pressure on the urine 2. Internal urethral sphincter will relax and open. Urine can move out of bladder and into urethra. 3. External urethral sphincter will also relax and open allowing urine to flow out of the body.