Bank statements. One sort of financial record is a bank statement. Your bank will regularly send a statement containing information showing income (credits) and outgoings (debits) on your bank account.
They're synonyms. Gain is the most general. Attain usually means to reach a goal or milestone (he attained the rank of captain). Obtain usually implies careful planning or some effort to get to the thing or goal. But they have probably something like 80% overlap in meaning.
Education is something that one gets at some point in their life. Another thing that can be said, is that learning is an informal process, and education is a formal process. Education is something that an individual gets from an outside source. On the other hand, learning is something that evolves in the inner self.