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If such a confined aquifer is tapped by a well, water will rise above the top of the aquifer and may even flow from the well onto the land surface. Water confined in this way is said to be under artesian pressure, and the aquifer is called an artesian aquifer.
Water may flow to the surface naturally after exca-. vation of the hole or shaft. Such a well is known as aflowing artesian well. More com-. monly, water must be pumped out of the well. Most wells are vertical shafts, but they may also be horizontal or at an inclined. angle. Horizontal wells are commonly used inbank filtration, where surface water is. extracted via recharge through river bed sediments into horizontal wells located.