Bank statements. One sort of financial record is a bank statement. Your bank will regularly send a statement containing information showing income (credits) and outgoings (debits) on your bank account.
They're synonyms. Gain is the most general. Attain usually means to reach a goal or milestone (he attained the rank of captain). Obtain usually implies careful planning or some effort to get to the thing or goal. But they have probably something like 80% overlap in meaning.
Again, it all depends on the college. Another difference is in the scope of study - a bachelor's degree tends to cover a broad range of topics under a certain field, whereas a master's degree concentrates on narrower subjects. The concepts taught in a master's degree are also more advanced than a bachelor's degree. The third difference lies in the earning potential of the two degrees.