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1. In some cases, the cofactor completes the active site of the enzyme or modifies it in such a manner that substrate binding can ensue. 2. The cofactor acts as a donor of electrons or atoms to the substrate and following the reaction is returned to its former state.
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is required for the protein's biological activity. These proteins are commonly enzymes, and cofactors can be considered helper molecules that assist in biochemical transformations.ach class of group-transfer reaction is carried out by a particular cofactor, which is the substrate for a set of enzymes that produce it, and a set of enzymes that consume it. An example of this are the dehydrogenases that use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) as a cofactor.