Bank statements. One sort of financial record is a bank statement. Your bank will regularly send a statement containing information showing income (credits) and outgoings (debits) on your bank account.
They're synonyms. Gain is the most general. Attain usually means to reach a goal or milestone (he attained the rank of captain). Obtain usually implies careful planning or some effort to get to the thing or goal. But they have probably something like 80% overlap in meaning.
An achieved status is a position one holds in society based on one's choices or merit. Achieved status is largely determined by one's abilities, skills, and life choices. Mike's achieved statuses include being a surgeon and husband. There are certain criteria that must be met in order to obtain an achieved status.