The world's biggest container ships have 109,000 horsepower engines which weigh 2,300 tons. Each ship expects to operate 24hrs a day for about 280 days a year. There are 90,000 ocean-going cargo ships. Shipping is responsible for 18-30% of all the world's nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution and 9% of the global sulphur oxide (SOx) pollution. One large ship can generate about 5,000 tonnes of sulphur oxide (SOx) pollution in a year
(October 2007) A pseudopod or pseudopodium (plural: pseudopods or pseudopodia) (from the Greek word ÏÎµÏÎ´Î¿ÏÎ¿Î´ÏÏ, ÏÎµÏÎ´ÏÏ false + ÏÎ¿Î´ÏÏ foot) is a temporary cytoplasm-filled projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane or a unicellular protist. Pseudopods may be used for motility, or for ingesting nutrients or other particulate matter.
The lamellipodium (plural lamellipodia) (from Latin Lamina - thin sheet, pod - foot) is a cytoskeletal protein actin projection on the leading edge of the cell.It contains a quasi-two-dimensional actin mesh; the whole structure propels the cell across a substrate (Alberts, et al., 2002).Within the lamellipodia are ribs of actin called microspikes, which, when they spread beyond the lamellipodium frontier, are called filopodia (Small, et al., 2002).rp2/3 complexes are present at microfilament-microfilament junctions in lamellipodia, and help create the actin meshwork. Arp 2/3 can only join onto previously existing microfilaments, but once bound it creates a site for the extension of new microfilaments, which creates branching (Weed, et al., 2000).