Certification vs. Licensing. Some biologists are certified. Your friends may use the terms interchangeably, but a certification is not the same thing as a license. Many professional occupations in the U.S. require a license from a state regulatory board.
The genogram is a pictorial graph of the structure and characteristics of a family across three or more. generations. The genogram will not replace traditional Pedigree Charts and Family Group Records for use. in genealogical research, but it can provide a way to look beneath the surface of names, dates, and places so.
As noted above, a cladogram is the diagrammatic result of a parsimony analysis, which groups taxa on the basis of synapomorphies alone. There are many other phylogenetic algorithms that treat data somewhat differently, and result in phylogenetic trees that look like cladograms but are not cladograms.