Those at increased risk include: 1  People with diabetes. 2  People with high blood pressure. 3  People with a family history of kidney failure. 4  People who are 65 years or older. 5  Certain ethnic groups including African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians.
The dipole moment of a molecule can be predicted by looking at the molecule's structure and the location of the dipoles within the molecule. When a molecule has no dipole moment, it will be nonpolar. A molecule with a dipole moment will be polar.
HCl molecules, for example, have a dipole moment because the hydrogen atom has a slight positive charge and the chlorine atom has a slight negative charge. Because of the force of attraction between oppositely charged particles, there is a small dipole-dipole force of attraction between adjacent HCl molecules.The dipole-dipole interaction in HCl is relatively weak; only 3.3 kJ/mol.(The covalent bonds between the hydrogen and chlorine atoms in HCl are 130 times as strong.) The force of attraction between HCl molecules is so small that hydrogen chloride boils at -85.0 o C. Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces.nduced Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces. Neither dipole-dipole nor dipole-induced forces can explain the fact that helium becomes a liquid at temperatures below 4.2 K. By itself, a helium atom is perfectly symmetrical.