A new volcanic arc forms at the site of the easternmost transform, and many complications develop in SE Asia (Philippines, etc.) because of transforms turning into arcs, and various subduction-flips as thick (plateau-type) ocean crust refuses to subduct. A new subduction zone develops north of Australia.
Some of the causes of the European voyages of exploration were: 1  Alternate trade routes: Europe was dependent on Middle East countries for the import of spices and was looking for alternate trade routes to Asia and Africa to obtain spices (ginger, nutmeg, clove, cinnamon, etc.) and luxury goods (silk, gold, ivory, etc.) cheaply.
Long Term Effects and Synthesis Long Term Effects and Synthesis One long term effect of the Columbian Exchange was the creation of the Triangular Trade, which brought new crops to Europe and started the Middle Passage, which would ship Africans across the the Atlantic to America as the Native Americans died out due to influenza, small pox, and shingles.