Understanding Vivarium Substrates. By A. C. Highfield. Libyan tortoise-this tortoise requires a sandy, dry substrate. If maintained on grass or upon a moist substrate it will suffer shell and respiratory infections.Along with heating and lighting systems, the choice of substrate in tortoise vivaria and terraria often causes a great deal of confusion to keepers.Some substrates are excellent, others positively lethal.nderstanding Vivarium Substrates. By A. C. Highfield. Libyan tortoise-this tortoise requires a sandy, dry substrate. If maintained on grass or upon a moist substrate it will suffer shell and respiratory infections.
In their general structure, heterocyclic compounds resemble cyclic organic compounds that incorporate only carbon atoms in the ringsâfor example, cyclopropane (with a three-carbon-atom ring) or benzene (with a six-carbon-atom ring)âbut the presence of the heteroatoms gives heterocyclic compounds physical and chemical properties that are often quite ...
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS. Ionic compounds are compounds composed of ions, charged particles that form when an atom. (or group of atoms) gains or loses electrons. (A cation is a positively charged ion; an anion is a. negatively charged ion.) Covalent ormolecular compounds form when elementsshare. electrons in a covalent bond to form molecules. Molecular compounds are elec trically neutral. Metal + Nonmetal ï£§â ionic compound (usually)