We describe a bond having one end slightly positive and the other end slightly negative as being polar. Inductive effects. An atom like fluorine which can pull the bonding pair away from the atom it is attached to is said to have a negative inductive effect.
These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are designed for many reasons, including: pesticide and disease resistance, drought/frost resistance, increased yields, enhanced nutritional content and as a way to produce drugs or vaccines at low cost on a large scale.
Crossing over in meiosis results in genetic recombination, which is responsible for the genetic diversity of a population. Genetic recombination and natural selection are the driving forces behind evolution. It causes most of the differences between parents and their offspring and differences between siblings.