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He originated the theory of uniformitarianism âa fundamental principle of geologyâwhich explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a proper science, and thus he is often referred to as the Father of Modern Geology.
Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, was the first to begin to work out details to explain this interesting observation. To begin with, the current geologic theory was that the crust was all stationary, and continents were relatively unchanging-they didn't move around. Alfred Wegener knew that other people had made observations of the fit of the coastlines. He accidentally became drawn in to that topic by discovering evidence that might explain that phenomenon.