As groundwater flows through the ground, metals such as iron and manganese are dissolved and may later be found in high concentrations in the water. Industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, ground-water pumpage, and disposal of waste all can affect ground-water quality.
Cost-benefit analysis is a relatively straightforward tool for deciding whether to pursue a project. To use the tool, first list all the anticipated costs associated with the project, and then estimate the benefits that you'll receive from it.
the three uses of cost-beneï¬t analysis that I have identiï¬edâas pure evalu-ation, as an input into decision, or as the decision rule. That in a nutshell is my own position on cost-beneï¬t analysis, and it will provide the framework for my commentary on the conference papers. For convenience I divide them into four groups.