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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
The genetic code is written in the language of DNA, the four chemical bases-A, C, G and T. However, when it is time to make a protein, the DNA code is converted into RNA before it is translated into protein. This article is an in depth look at the first stage in this process, how RNA is formed from DNA. Before we look at how this happens, let me introduce some terminology; Transcription-The process by which DNA is converted into RNA. Translation-The conversion of RNA into protein. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology-The name given for the whole process, t he idea that information coded in the DNA is converted into RNA and then into protein.