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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
Transcription. Transcription, the first step in transforming DNA into proteins, is mediated by an enzyme named RNA polymerase. It consists of reading a sequence of DNA and transforming it, base by base, into a complementary sequence of RNA.ranscription, the first step in transforming DNA into proteins, is mediated by an enzyme named RNA polymerase. It consists of reading a sequence of DNA and transforming it, base by base, into a complementary sequence of RNA.