(8) The meter measures the difference in voltage between the two sides of the glass and converts this potential difference into a pH reading. (9) Reference electrode acts as a baseline or reference for the measurementâor you can think of it as simply completing the circuit.
The most common causes are: Patellofremoral pain-this is mainly an injury felt at the front of the knee but can also cause symtoms on the inside of the knee. Medial meniscus tear-is a tear or degeneration of the semi cicular cartilage discs found in the knee joint.he most common causes are: Referred pain-which can come from an injury or problem in the lower back, front of the knee or other nerve problem in the hip of buttocks. Biceps femoris tendinopathy-which is inflammation or degeneration of the tendon of one of the hamstring muscles as it inserts into the back of the knee.
There are four ligaments in the knee that are prone to injury. 1  Mentioned above, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the two major ligaments in the knee. 2  It connects the thigh bone to the shin bone. 3  ACL injuries are a common cause of disability in the knee and are more common in women than men.ut too much stress on these ligaments can cause them to stretch too far-or even snap. ACL and other ligament injuries can be caused by: 1  Twisting your knee. 2  Getting hit on the knee. 3  Extending the knee too far. 4  Jumping and landing on a flexed (bent) knee. 5  Stopping suddenly when running.