Observer bias occurs when researchers alter the outcome of a study. This process is not typically deliberate, and involves extremely subtle changes both in the way researchers interact with subjects in the study and in what observers choose to see.
What is an elevated INR? The INR, or International Normalized Ratio, is a measure of how long it takes your blood to clot. A prothrombin time (PT) is a another blood test done to help measure your INR. The higher your PT or INR, the longer your blood takes to clot. An elevated PT or INR means your blood is taking longer to clot than your healthcare provider believes is healthy for you. When your PT or INR is too high, you have an increased risk of bleeding. What increases my risk for an elevated INR?
BLEEDING RISK. 1  COUMADIN can cause major or fatal bleeding [see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS]. 2  Perform regular monitoring of INR in all treated patients [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. 3  Drugs, dietary changes, and other factors affect INR levels achieved with COUMADIN therapy [see DRUG INTERACTIONS].