Jump to Navigation. shadow zone The shadow zone is the area of the earth from angular distances of 104 to 140 degrees from a given earthquake that does not receive any direct P waves. The shadow zone results from S waves being stopped entirely by the liquid core and P waves being bent (refracted) by the liquid core.
The two primary sources of the subject-matter jurisdiction of the federal courts are diversity jurisdiction and federal question jurisdiction. Diversity jurisdiction generally permits individuals to bring claims in federal court where the claim exceeds $75,000 and the parties are citizens of different states.
In federal question jurisdiction the federal courts have subject matter jurisdiction to hear cases involving some violation of the laws, treaties and constitution of the United States. The second is called âdiversity jurisdictionâ which arises out of legal conflicts between parties of different states or foreign citizens.