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Some philosophers attempt to explain consciousness directly in neurophysiological or physical terms, while others offer cognitive theories of consciousness whereby conscious mental states are reduced to some kind of representational relation between mental states and the world.
What is consciousness but a reaction? Or, more precisely, it's an integrated system of reactivity. Everything reacts to something else, but with varying degrees of complexity and, hence, control. It's not that everything is conscious so much as what we call consciousness is at the more complex and controlled end of the reactivity spectrum.