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Taste. As shown to the right, each taste bud consists of a cluster of sensory cells forming synapses with neurons with long axons. These project to the medulla in one of three cranial nerves (VII,IX,X). The sensory cells release glutamate when stimulated by their corresponding taste.Scattered over the tongue, there are five classical types of taste buds: salt, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami. Salt and sweet are self-explanatory.The bitter respond to various plant alkaloids, sour to acid (such as might be found in spoiled foods), and the umami to glutamate and some related substances.aste. As shown to the right, each taste bud consists of a cluster of sensory cells forming synapses with neurons with long axons. These project to the medulla in one of three cranial nerves (VII,IX,X). The sensory cells release glutamate when stimulated by their corresponding taste.
Taste Centers in the Brain As explained under Taste Buds, food and substances dissolved in the saliva enter the taste pores where it makes contact with the microvilli of the taste (gustatory cells). This then triggers a depolarization of the taste cell membrane, a subsequent release of neurotransmitters and stimulation of the surrounding nerve fibers. Signals from the nerve fibers of the taste buds travels via cranial nerves VII, IX and X to the tractus solitarius (gustatory area) located in the posterior brain stem. From here neurons transmit signals to the thalamus (ventral posterior medial nucleus).