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A gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis. gene (def) is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product (mRNA, tRNA, or rRNA). Since the vast majority of genes are transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is subsequently translated into polypeptides or proteins, most genes code for protein synthesis.
In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. In translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) âproduced by transcription from DNA âis decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide.n translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) âproduced by transcription from DNA âis decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide.