Observer bias occurs when researchers alter the outcome of a study. This process is not typically deliberate, and involves extremely subtle changes both in the way researchers interact with subjects in the study and in what observers choose to see.
What is an elevated INR? The INR, or International Normalized Ratio, is a measure of how long it takes your blood to clot. A prothrombin time (PT) is a another blood test done to help measure your INR. The higher your PT or INR, the longer your blood takes to clot. An elevated PT or INR means your blood is taking longer to clot than your healthcare provider believes is healthy for you. When your PT or INR is too high, you have an increased risk of bleeding. What increases my risk for an elevated INR?
1 Breast stimulation can modestly increase the amount of prolactin in the blood. 2  Chest wall trauma (for example, an injury from a car steering wheel after an accident) can lead to increased levels of prolactin.  Marijuana use is also a well documented cause of elevated levels of prolactin.