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Afterload is one part of the process that influences how blood flows through the heart. It is the resistance the ventricle has to overcome in order for it to pump out the blood. Specifically, the resistance comes from the blood vessels and the contraction of the blood vessel walls. Remember that cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected by the heart in one minute. Afterload is one of four processes that make up cardiac output.
Preload is a mechanical engineering term with several meanings. In the general sense, it refers to the internal application of stress to certain mechanical systems.irst, a tightened bolt experiences only a small fraction of any external load which is applied later when the joint is in service, so that a fully tightened bolt can (depending on the exact application) sustain a much greater load than loosely tightened bolt.