Jump to Navigation. shadow zone The shadow zone is the area of the earth from angular distances of 104 to 140 degrees from a given earthquake that does not receive any direct P waves. The shadow zone results from S waves being stopped entirely by the liquid core and P waves being bent (refracted) by the liquid core.
The two primary sources of the subject-matter jurisdiction of the federal courts are diversity jurisdiction and federal question jurisdiction. Diversity jurisdiction generally permits individuals to bring claims in federal court where the claim exceeds $75,000 and the parties are citizens of different states.
Testifying in Court: It's an Order! When a lawyer asks you to testify in a criminal trial, you can agree to go voluntarily. In this case, you might not get an order by a judge to testify. These orders are called a  summons to appear or  subpoena . If you don't want to testify, or if a lawyer wants to make sure you show up, you could receive a subpoena. A subpoena is a document in which a judge orders you to testify. You will receive it in the mail, or a police officer or bailiff will deliver it to you personally. A subpoena contains important information including the date, time and place you need to testify.