High PTH levels may be caused by: 1  A parathyroid gland growth (hyperplasia) or a parathyroid tumor. 2  A low level of calcium in the blood. A low blood calcium level can be caused by kidney disease, kidney failure, severe vitamin D deficiency, or an inability of the intestines to absorb calcium from food.
The equity multiplier is a financial leverage ratio that measures the amount of a firmâs assets that are financed by its shareholders by comparing total assets with total shareholderâs equity. In other words, the equity multiplier shows the percentage of assets that are financed or owed by the shareholders.
One problem is that the actual value of the multiplier effect is likely to change at different points of the economic cycle. The value of the multiplier = 1/0.5 = 2 â the same initial change in aggregate demand will lead to a bigger final change in the equilibrium level of national income.