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2.Examples of density dependent factors are food, shelter, predation, competition, and diseases while examples of density independent factors are natural calamities like floods, fires, tornados, droughts, extreme temperatures, and the disturbance of the habitat of living organisms.
In experimental studies, where the independent variables are imposed and manipulated, the dependent variable is the variable thought to be changed or influenced by the independent variable. Example: study title: Effects of a new tooth paste (YummyTooth) on incidence of caries in 1st grade children. is the independent variable and Y is the dependent variable-the outcome, and Z is the type of subjects represented. A simple example would be: The effects of tomatoes on risk of prostate cancer in Scandinavian men.