Many enzymes consist of a protein and a non-protein (called the cofactor). The proteins in enzymes are usually globular. The intra- and intermolecular bonds that hold proteins in their secondary and tertiary structures are disrupted by changes in temperature and pH. This affects shapes and so the catalytic activity of an enzyme is pH and temperature sensitive.
Everyday in the U.S. millions of cars and trucks idle needlessly, sometimes for hours. You may not be able to avoid keeping your engine running when youâre stopped at a traffic signal or stuck in slow-moving traffic. But other times idling is unnecessary. An idling car can release as much pollution as a moving car.
A bad hose in any part of the engine is easy to fix. Sometimes, vacuum lines cause a rough idle due to a vacuum leak, and these lines are also simple to replace. A common cause of an engine running rough is faulty ignition timing. Once the timing is adjusted, the car should run smoothly. The idle speed may also be set too low. Other problems in the ignition system that can cause rough idling include faulty spark plugs, rotors, ignition wires or distributor caps.