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Diatoms. The cell walls of diatoms are made of silica formed into their characteristic pillbox shape. Diatoms are composed of two valves or frustules, one on top of the other, within which the living matter of the diatom is found.
Morphology. Diatoms are algae with distinctive, transparent cell walls made of silicon dioxide hydrated with a small amount of water (Si02 + H20).Silica is the main component of glass and hydrated silica is very like the mineral opal, making these algae, often called algae in glass houses more like algae in opal houses.he centric diatoms are not able to move, but some pennate diatoms may move across surfaces or up and down within sediments. Cells are able to move by a structure termed the raphe. The navigation of this site is organized around shape categories (morphological groups), into which we have grouped all of the genera.