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Kohlerâs disease is a rare condition in which the tarsal navicular bone (a bone in the arch of the foot) becomes inflamed. This bone disease is named after the German radiologist who described the condition in the early twentieth century. Kohlerâs disease usually affects children between the ages of three and five. It occurs more commonly in boys than in girls, and is often unilateral, affecting one foot. It is described as an avascular necrosis, or osteonecrosis, in which bone tissue deteriorates due to an interruption of blood supply.
Hirschsprung disease is an important condition. It is the commonest cause of lower intestinal blockage (obstruction) in the newborn period and later in infancy and childhood, Hirschsprung disease is a cause of chronic constipation. The most common symptoms of the disorder are vomiting, constipation, distention (swelling) of the abdomen, and intestinal obstruction. There is a male predominance of about 4 to 1 in Hirschsprung disease -- 4 boys to each girl.