In the U.S., doctors usually get suspicious when a PSA level is 4.0 ng/mL. But studies show that many men with levels well above 4.0 ng/mL do not have cancer. And many men with prostate cancer have PSA scores well below this level. There are a lot of ways to tweak the PSA test to try to get better results.
The Standard Deviation Formula. In this formula, x is the value of the mean, N is the sample size, and x i represents each data value from i=1 to i=N.. The â symbol indicates that you must add up the sum. (x 1 - x) 2 + (x 2 - x) 2 + (x 3 - x) 2 + (x 4 - x) 2 + (x 5 - x) 2. . . + (x N-x) 2.
In other words, the standard deviation Ï (sigma) is the square root of the variance of X; i.e., it is the square root of the average value of (X â Î¼) 2. The standard deviation of a (univariate) probability distribution is the same as that of a random variable having that distribution.he variance is the mean of these values: and the population standard deviation is equal to the square root of the variance: This formula is valid only if the eight values with which we began form the complete population.