Theoretically, in vitro fertilisation could be performed by collecting the contents from a woman's fallopian tubes or uterus after natural ovulation, mixing it with sperm, and reinserting the fertilised ova into the uterus.
Upstream operations deal primarily with the exploration stages of the oil and gas industry, with upstream firms taking the first steps to first locate, test and drill for oil and gas. Later, once reserves are proven, upstream firms will extract any oil and gas from the reserve.
(...more about the Project Controls) Management Bulletin Operating models for oil and gas fields of the future By Jayanti Kar, Andy Thain, Otto van der Molen, and Francesco Verre: As the global energy transition accelerates, upstream operators must modernize and shift to more economic operating models.