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An acid (from the Latin acidus/acÄre meaning sour) is a chemical substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sour taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts.Aqueous solutions of acids have a pH of less than 7. strong acid is one that completely dissociates in water; in other words, one mole of a strong acid HA dissolves in water yielding one mole of H + and one mole of the conjugate base, A â , and none of the protonated acid HA.
An acid is a substance that donates hydrogen ions. Because of this, when an acid is dissolved in water, the balance between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions is shifted. Now there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions in the solution.This kind of solution is acidic.o be more precise, pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH = âlog [H+]. The square brackets around the H + automatically mean concentration to a chemist. What the equation means is just what we said before: for each 1-unit change in pH, the hydrogen ion concentration changes ten-fold.