High PTH levels may be caused by: 1  A parathyroid gland growth (hyperplasia) or a parathyroid tumor. 2  A low level of calcium in the blood. A low blood calcium level can be caused by kidney disease, kidney failure, severe vitamin D deficiency, or an inability of the intestines to absorb calcium from food.
The equity multiplier is a financial leverage ratio that measures the amount of a firmâs assets that are financed by its shareholders by comparing total assets with total shareholderâs equity. In other words, the equity multiplier shows the percentage of assets that are financed or owed by the shareholders.
1 where Î» is called the Lagrangian multiplier. 2  In effect, this method imposes a penalty upon any proposed solution that is proportional to the extent to which the constraint is violated. 3  By choosing the constant of proportionality large enough the solution can be forced into compliance with the constraint.n Example of the Use ofthe Lagrangian Multiplier Method to Solve a Constrained Maximization Problem. Let Q=output, L=labor input and K=capital input where Q = L2/3K1/3. The cost of resources used is C=wL+rK, where w is the wage rate and r is the rental rate for capital.