Using a Bunsen Burner on Flame-resistant Paper. Fill one beaker with water, the second with half water and half ethanol, and a third beaker with ethanol. Soak one piece of paper the size of a $1 bill in the beaker filled with water. Use tongs and hold it over the Bunsen burner.
Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure which is performed to correct problems related to the small bones of the spine (vertebrae). This technique principally follows the welding process. That is it requires to simply fuse together the painful vertebrae, so that the healing results in a single, solid bone.
Pseudarthrosis of the Spine. Pseudarthrosis is a non-union of two bones. In essence, it is a fracture that does not unite with nearby bone. During spinal surgery using fusion, the purpose of the tools and instruments used (such as screws, rods, etc.) is to help fuse and unite the vertebrae so that it forms into one solid column.