For interpreting radiologists and clinicians, evaluation of an injured knee using MRI requires knowledge of the proper imaging techniques, normal and aberrant anatomy, and the clinical significance of detected abnormalities. A coronal, proton-density (PD) MRI scan of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is seen below.rade II medial collateral ligament tear seen on a coronal proton density image shows slight thickening of the medial collateral ligament and separation from the underlying cortices (arrows).
Common symptoms of nasal polyps in dogs include noisy breathing, sneezing and reverse sneezing, nasal discharge, stuffy nose, sneezing and nose bleeds affecting only one nostril. Because nasal polyps provide bacteria with places to hide, itâs not unusual for affected dogs to develop secondary bacterial infections.
Pets with swallowing abnormalities may inhale food causing pneumonia (lung infection) and nasal discharge. Cats can develop polyps in the back of the throat originating from the Eustachian tube that connects the throat to the ear. These polyps can cause nasal discharge and gagging. Older, middle to large-sized dogs with long noses are more likely to develop nasal cancer. Dogs that spend time outdoors are more likely to inhale foreign matter into the nasal passages. The appearance of the discharge varies with the cause. Nasal discharge can be clear (serous), gray and cloudy (mucoid), thick and green (purulent), or bloody. The discharge may come from one or both nostrils.