The goal of catheter ablation and surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation is to disconnect triggers and/or to modify the substrate for AF. Mapping and radiofrequency (RF) ablation of AF is one of the most complex ablation procedures.
Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney and liver in response to low oxygen levels. In addition, erythropoietin is bound by circulating red blood cells; low circulating numbers lead to a relatively high level of unbound erythropoietin, which stimulates production in the bone marrow.
Haematopoiesis. Erythropoiesis (from Greek 'erythro' meaning red and 'poiesis' meaning to make) is the process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes). It is stimulated by decreased O 2 in circulation, which is detected by the kidneys, which then secrete the hormone erythropoietin.