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The system exerts its influence via release or inhibition of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) which acts on the kidney to decrease water excretion. Deficiency of ADH is usually due to hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal lesions (central diabetes insipidus) or insensitivity of the kidney to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). These patients, if untreated, have the predictable result of dehydration, hyperosmolality, hypovolemia, and eventual death in severe cases.
When parathyroid hormone is underproduced, the disease is called hypoparathyroidism. This disease is less common than hyperparathyroidism, but the potential consequences are more severe. Hypoparathyroidism symptoms can include muscle cramps, cataracts, muscle spasms, breathing difficulty, and seizures.ones are not affected in this disease, however. Hypoparathyroid disease causes include trauma to the parathyroid glands, autoimmune disease, and magnesium deficiency.