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Carbon dioxide is a molecule form from a carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, and the molecular has a linear geometry. The molecular weight of carbon dioxide is 44 g mole-1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas and upon the dissolution in water, it forms carbonic acid. Carbon dioxide is denser than air.
Thus two oxygen atoms and 1 carbon atom form a double bond between them so more energy is required to break this bond. In this way $\ce{CO2}$ is formed. For converting $\ce{CO2}$ back into carbon and oxygen atoms, $\ce{CO2}$ should be heated at almost 298K so C becomes gaseous and oxygen becomes part of air. [from another deleted answer-ed.].