Spironolactone has been shown to be a tumorigen in chronic toxicity studies in rats (see PRECAUTIONS). Spironolactone should be used only in those conditions described under INDICATIONS AND USAGE. Unnecessary use of this drug should be avoided.
The density of a population can be regulated by various factors, including biotic and abiotic factors and population size. Density-dependent regulation can be affected by factors that affect birth and death rates such as competition and predation.
15| |Predation and Parasitism. Predation. Predation is often readily observed and easily studied, and neither its existence nor its importance in nature is doubted. It is directional in the sense that one member of the pair (the predator) benefits from the association while the other (the prey) is affected adversely.