We get the word 'allegory' from the Latin word 'allegoria ,' taken from the Greek word for 'veiled language.' Think of an allegory as an umbrella term for stories with deeper meaning-stories that are more than stories. Some allegories are very heavily veiled and might require an English professor to explain them to you.
A neutral phosphorus atom has 15 electrons. Two electrons can go into the 1 s subshell, 2 can go into the 2 s subshell, and 6 can go into the 2 p subshell. That leaves 5 electrons. Of those 5 electrons, 2 can go into the 3 s subshell, and the remaining 3 electrons can go into the 3 p subshell.
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons, and are the ones involved in bonding. Sodium has 11 electrons: its atomic number is 11, so it has 11 protons. Atoms are neutral, so this means that sodium also has 11 electrons Electrons are arranged in shells or energy levels. The first evel can have 2 electrons; The second level can have up to 8 electrons.