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A sigma bond is the end-to-end overlap of the bonding orbitals, usually hybrid orbitals. The sigma bond is a single bond. A pi bond is the side-to-side overlap of unhybridized p-orbitals. A pi bond, along with a sigma bond form a double bond. sigma bond is used in hybridization but pi bond when dealing with saturated molecules is not used,that is double bonds.The oygen molecule is sp hybridized have you ever reasoned or found out why.
Covalent bonds include interactions of the sigma and pi orbitals; therefore, covalent bonds lead to formation of single, double, triple, and quadruple bonds. Example 2: \(PCl_3\) In this example, a phosphorous atom is sharing its 3 unpaired electrons with 3 chlorine atoms.