We get the word 'allegory' from the Latin word 'allegoria ,' taken from the Greek word for 'veiled language.' Think of an allegory as an umbrella term for stories with deeper meaning-stories that are more than stories. Some allegories are very heavily veiled and might require an English professor to explain them to you.
A neutral phosphorus atom has 15 electrons. Two electrons can go into the 1 s subshell, 2 can go into the 2 s subshell, and 6 can go into the 2 p subshell. That leaves 5 electrons. Of those 5 electrons, 2 can go into the 3 s subshell, and the remaining 3 electrons can go into the 3 p subshell.
A neutral atom is an atom where the charges of the electrons and the protons balance. Luckily, one electron has the same charge (with opposite sign) as a proton. Example: Carbon has 6 protons. The neutral Carbon atom has 6 electrons. The atomic number is 6 since there are 6 protons.