Name: Cruel . Gender: Male or Female . Usage: Cruel is not a popular first name. It is more often used as a boy (male) or a girl (female) name. People having the name Cruel are in general originating from United States of America.
An earlier and less successful lie detector or polygraph machine was invented by James Mackenzie in 1902. However, the modern polygraph machine was invented by John Larson in 1921. John Larson, a University of California medical student, invented the modern lie detector (polygraph) in 1921. Used in police interrogation and investigation since 1924, the lie detector is still controversial among psychologists, and is not always judicially acceptable.
Lie detector tests, also called polygraph tests, are used to determine whether a person is telling the truth. According to the American Polygraph Association, research has shown standard lie detector tests are 80%-98% accurate.The accuracy of voice stress testing, however, is much lower, research has shown. The Employee Polygraph Protection Act, a federal law established in 1988, set guidelines for private employers to conduct lie detector tests. 2  The American Polygraph Association provides an overview of the law. 3  The Department of Labor has the full text of the law.