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Ocean trenches have relatively steep sides falling to the ocean floor. Ocean trenches are typically caused when an oceanic crustal plate slides under a lighter continental plate or another oceanic plate. It is believed to work by density.Where one plate slides under another, this is called subduction.t least five trenches are over 6 miles (10 km) deep. The greatest ocean depth to be sounded is in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench, at a depth of 11,034 m (36,201 ft) below sea level.
This is where excess crust is subducted and melted as new crust is produced at oceanic ridges. Deep-sea trenches are areas of plate convergence. Volcano locations (red squares above) match closely the regions of trenches (subduction zones) and oceanic ridges (spreading centers). The trenches have crustal friction near the surface and deep into the crust as subduction forces one plate under another.