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Example of Runaway Selection. Theory of random sexual selection of mates. Used to explain passing on of useless or 'expensive' genes which may create liabilities. It's called 'runaway' selection because the gene traits carried on may become liabilities if carried to extremes. The genes may in fact exaggerate physical characteristics which makes the animal less able to survive, rather than more so, in normal evolutionary theory.
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. It is a key mechanism of evolution, the change in heritable traits of a population over time. Charles Darwin popularised the term natural selection; he compared it with artificial selection (selective breeding). Variation exists within all populations of organisms.