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A sigma bond is the end-to-end overlap of the bonding orbitals, usually hybrid orbitals. The sigma bond is a single bond. A pi bond is the side-to-side overlap of unhybridized p-orbitals. A pi bond, along with a sigma bond form a double bond. sigma bond is used in hybridization but pi bond when dealing with saturated molecules is not used,that is double bonds.The oygen molecule is sp hybridized have you ever reasoned or found out why.
1 Note that ethene has 4 hydrogens attached to the double bond. 2  A monosubstituted alkene has 3, a disubstituted alkene has 2, a trisubstituted alkene has 1, and a tetrasubstituted alkene as none. 3  Please note, also, that the nature of the alkyl group makes no difference. Hence the pi bond is weaker than the sigma bond, easier to break, making alkenes much more reactive than alkanes. 2  You should know that the pi bond strength is ca. 63 kcal/mol, and that the pi bond is completely broken by a relative rotation of 90 degrees.