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The system exerts its influence via release or inhibition of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) which acts on the kidney to decrease water excretion. Deficiency of ADH is usually due to hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal lesions (central diabetes insipidus) or insensitivity of the kidney to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). These patients, if untreated, have the predictable result of dehydration, hyperosmolality, hypovolemia, and eventual death in severe cases.
Diseases of the adrenal glands usually are caused by either too much or too little of any of these hormones. Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal gland is not producing enough hormones and is also called Addison's diseaseAddison's disease-a disease where not enough of the adrenal hormones are being made.