The goal of catheter ablation and surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation is to disconnect triggers and/or to modify the substrate for AF. Mapping and radiofrequency (RF) ablation of AF is one of the most complex ablation procedures.
Erythropoietin is produced in the kidney and liver in response to low oxygen levels. In addition, erythropoietin is bound by circulating red blood cells; low circulating numbers lead to a relatively high level of unbound erythropoietin, which stimulates production in the bone marrow.
Erythropoietin (EPO) facts. 1  Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidney. 2  Erythropoietin promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow. 3  The erythropoietin hormone level can be detected and measured in the blood (the EPO test). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by the kidney. 2  Erythropoietin promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow.