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The system exerts its influence via release or inhibition of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) which acts on the kidney to decrease water excretion. Deficiency of ADH is usually due to hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal lesions (central diabetes insipidus) or insensitivity of the kidney to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). These patients, if untreated, have the predictable result of dehydration, hyperosmolality, hypovolemia, and eventual death in severe cases.
Addisonâs disease is a disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone. Addisonâs disease is caused by an autoimmune response, in which the bodyâs immune system assaults its own organs and tissues. Treatment includes hormones similar to those made by the adrenal glands.