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The desiccation or dehydration of the disc material is known as disc desiccation. Between each vertebrae of the spinal column are discs that have gelatinous material. This water-like substance acts as a cushion and a shock absorber. Desiccation of disc material is most common in elderly people and can happen anywhere in the spinal column from the top to the bottom.
Desiccation causes the nucleus to lose its ability to rehydrate, so the entire disc structure slowly deteriorates over time. The annulus becomes brittle and may develop small cracks or holes, called annular tears. As the desiccation progresses, the disc may herniate, but this is not inherent or unavoidable.