For dry-type transformers having a 220 [degrees] C insulating system and a winding hot-spot temperature of 220 [degrees] C, and with no unusual operating conditions present, the 20-yr life expectancy is a reasonable time frame.he 80 [degrees] C transformer requires operation at 75% or more of full load for a 2-yr payback, and at 100% load to payback in 1 yr over the 150 [degrees] C transformer.
Exposure to arsenic through drinking water is a great threat to human health. Arsenic is a carcinogen and its consumption can negatively affect the gastrointestinal tract and cardiac, vascular and central nervous systems.
Absorption via the gastrointestinal tract is influenced by the solubility of the cadmium compound concerned. In healthy persons, 3â7% of the cadmium ingested is absorbed; in iron-deficient people, this figure can reach 15â20% (Krajnc et al., 1987).