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Neuroglia, also called glial cell or glia, any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons. The term neuroglia means ânerve glue.â In 1907 Italian biologist Emilio Lugaro suggested that neuroglial cells exchange substances with the extracellular fluid and in this way exert control on the neuronal environment.
Like neurons, glial cells are composed of cell bodies and cell processes. (Note: Glial processes are visible only in special stained preparations, such as a Golgi stain.) Three major types of neuroglial cells are recognized in the central nervous system: (a) astrocytes -- provide structural support for the CNS.; (b) oligodendroglia -- form myelin in the CNS, and. (c) microglia -- serve as a macrophage in the CNS.