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Medical Definition of ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE. : an enzyme which promotes transfer of an amino group from glutamic acid to pyruvic acid and which when present in abnormally high levels in the blood is a diagnostic indication of liver diseaseâabbreviation ALT; called also glutamic pyruvic transaminase.weet. : an enzyme which promotes transfer of an amino group from glutamic acid to pyruvic acid and which when present in abnormally high levels in the blood is a diagnostic indication of liver diseaseâabbreviation ALT; called also glutamic pyruvic transaminase.
Pyruvate, generated in muscle and other peripheral tissues, can be transaminated to alanine which is returned to the liver for gluconeogenesis. The transamination reaction requires an Î±-amino acid as donor of the amino group, generating an Î±-keto acid in the process. This pathway is termed the glucose-alanine cycle.