Anatomy of fern fronds. The anatomy of a fern frond is relatively simple. They have a stalk which connects the base of the frond to the rest of the tree and runs along the entire length of the frond to the tip. The stalk can be separated into two parts: the stipe, which is the section of the stalk before any leafy part of the frond, and the rachis, the section with leafy tissue.
When entering a range of cell references as an argument for a function or when creating a chart, in addition to typing in the range manually, the range can also be selected using pointing. Ranges are identified by the cell references or addresses of the cells in the upper left and lower right corners of the range. These two references are separated by a colon ( : ) which tells Excel to include all the cells between these start and end points.
You learned that cell references can be relative, absolute or mixed. The type you use in a formula is important, as each behaves differently when copied or moved. You learned that relative cell references change based on where you copy them and that absolute references do not change. You can also have a cell reference with both types, or mixed. Keep the different types in mind the next time you are working with cell references and/or formulas.