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Medical Definition of ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE. : an enzyme which promotes transfer of an amino group from glutamic acid to pyruvic acid and which when present in abnormally high levels in the blood is a diagnostic indication of liver diseaseâabbreviation ALT; called also glutamic pyruvic transaminase.weet. : an enzyme which promotes transfer of an amino group from glutamic acid to pyruvic acid and which when present in abnormally high levels in the blood is a diagnostic indication of liver diseaseâabbreviation ALT; called also glutamic pyruvic transaminase.
Transamination (or aminotransfer) is a chemical reaction that replaces an amine functional group with another amine. In many applications, an amino acid is the substrate. The other substrate is a keto acid, which contains a keto (=O) group. In transamination, the NH 2 group on one molecule is exchanged with the =O group on the other. The original amino acid converts to a keto acid, and the keto acid converts to an amino acid. Transamination in biochemistry is accomplished by enzymes called transaminases or aminotransferases.