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Neuroglia, also called glial cell or glia, any of several types of cell that function primarily to support neurons. The term neuroglia means ânerve glue.â In 1907 Italian biologist Emilio Lugaro suggested that neuroglial cells exchange substances with the extracellular fluid and in this way exert control on the neuronal environment.
Neuroglia in the CNS include astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes. In the human brain, it is estimated that the total number of glia roughly equals the number of neurons, although the proportions vary in different brain areas. Astrocytes are star shaped delicate branching glial cells.