1. The surface of many bacterial species is covered by polysaccharides. These can be in the form of capsules, glycoproteins or glycolipids. In Gram-negative bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also referred to as endotoxin, covers ca. 40% of the bacterial surface.
A consul is a diplomat appointed to live in a foreign country, to protect both her country's interests and citizens living abroad. If you're an American living in Poland, take your troubles to the American consul. In ancient Rome, there were two consuls elected every year to be in charge of the whole city. Like many words, this one developed new meanings and spellings.
A senator is a person who works in the government. In the United States, senators are elected by voters to represent them in a state or federal senate. Each state in the US elects two senators who serve six-year terms in Washington, DC, where they pass laws and vote on policies. Other countries have senators as well, either elected or appointed. The word senator has been used in English since around 1200, from the Latin word, senex, or old man..