Shang Dynasty (16th - 11th century BC) Following the Xia Dynasty that ruled from the 21st to 16th centuries BC, the Shang Dynasty became the second dynasty in Chinese history to practice hereditary slavery. From King Tang to King Zhou, the Shang Dynasty lasted nearly 600 years, having 30 emperors through 17 generations. In 1766 BC, Tang, the leader of the Shang tribe, overthrew the sovereign of the Xia Dynasty, and established the Shang Dynasty. Tang made Bo (Shangqiu City, Hennan Province today) the new capital. Learning a lesson from the tyrant Jie, the last emperor of the Xia Dynasty, King Tang became well-known as an emperor who governed his people with benevolence and compassion.
Hypoplasia (from ancient Greek á½Ïo-hypo- , under + ÏÎ»Î¬ÏÎ¹Ï plasis, formation; adjective form hypoplastic) is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ. Although the term is not always used precisely, it properly refers to an inadequate or below-normal number of cells. Hypoplasia is similar to aplasia, but less severe. It is technically not the opposite of hyperplasia (too many cells). Hypoplasia is a congenital condition, while hyperplasia generally refers to excessive cell growth later in life. (Atrophy, the wasting away of already existing cells, is technically the direct opposite of both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.). Hypoplasia can be present in any tissue or organ.
Aplastic anemia is the medical term for bone marrow failure. We treat patients with aplastic anemia at our Bone Marrow Failures Disorders Program at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. The bone marrow, a spongy tissue inside the bones, is the factory for all blood cell lines -- red cells, white cells, and platelets.