End-stage renal disease (or late chronic kidney disease) (ESRD) The terms end-stage renal failure and end-stage renal disease are used interchangeably, and the abbreviation ESRD is commonly used. Typically, patients will have kidney function in the area of 5-10% or so.
A comma-separated values (CSV) file stores tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text. Each line of the file is a data record. Each record consists of one or more fields, separated by commas. The use of the comma as a field separator is the source of the name for this file format. An official standard for the CSV file format does not exist, but RFC 4180 provides a de facto standard for many aspects of it.
HPV stands for human papilloma virus. HPVs are a group of more than 150 related viruses. Each HPV virus in the group is given a number, and is called an HPV type (for instance, HPV-16). HPVs are called papilloma viruses because some of the HPV types cause warts or papillomas, which are non-cancerous tumors.