are purchasing these types of machines so they can sew extra large thread sizes up to Tex 500 or Tex 600 thread sizes. Another option for sewing heavy threads on 301 lockstitch machines is to sew the heavy thread in the bobbin and using a regular size thread in the needle. This means that the seam is inverted when it is sewn.
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In this case, the TT samples had a thickness along the axis of compression and the ultrasonic measurements provided the longitudinal wave modulus along this axis, and the TA samples had a thickness along the direction perpendicular to the axis of compression and so the ultrasonic tests provided the longitudinal wave modulus along the transverse direction.