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Lesson Summary. In summary, IQ stands for intelligence quotient, which is your cognitive abilities, relative to what others can do of different ages. The concept of IQ was invented in the year 1904 by Alfred Binet. The equation used to calculate a person's IQ score is Mental Age / Chronological Age x 100.
IQ tests were first used in France in 1904 to identify intelligent children. And since then, experts have estimated that the 18th Century German writer and poet Goethe had the highest IQ in history, at 210. The tests are not a measure of general knowledge, but of how the mind copes with reasoning problems and mental arithmetic. Normal IQ is from 85 to 115, and genius level starts at 145.