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The phi X 174 (or ÏX174) bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced.This work was completed by Fred Sanger and his team in 1977. In 1962, Walter Fiers and Robert Sinsheimer had already demonstrated the physical, covalently closed circularity of ÏX174 DNA.n 2003, it was reported by Craig Venter's group that the genome of ÏX174 was the first to be completely assembled in vitro from synthesized oligonucleotides. The ÏX174 virus particle has also been successfully assembled in vitro.
The term is derived from bacteria and the Greek: ÏÎ±Î³Îµá¿Î½ (phagein), to devour. Bacteriophages are composed of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome, and may have relatively simple or elaborate structures. Their genomes may encode as few as four genes, and as many as hundreds of genes.Phages replicate within the bacterium following the injection of their genome into its cytoplasm.acteriophages may have a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle, and a few viruses are capable of carrying out both. With lytic phages such as the T4 phage, bacterial cells are broken open (lysed) and destroyed after immediate replication of the virion.