Listen over the apex. Have the patient quantify the chest pain on a 10-point scale. Massage the right carotid artery (to slow the sinus node). When you hear the heart slow, ask the patient to rate the pain again. A significant decrease in pain with massage is a positive test for angina pectoris.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Echinocyte (from the Greek word echinos, meaning 'hedgehog' or 'sea urchin'), in human biology and medicine, refers to a form of red blood cell that has an abnormal cell membrane characterized by many small, evenly spaced thorny projections.A more common term for these cells is burr cells.chinocytes, like acanthocytes, may be found in hyperlipidemia caused by liver dysfunction, but the lipids themselves do not integrate into the membrane. Instead, it is speculated that cell surface receptors on the red blood cells bind with HDL cholesterol which induces the shape change.
Structure [edit]. Schwann cells are a variety of glial cell that keep peripheral nerve fibres (both myelinated and unmyelinated) alive. In myelinated axons, Schwann cells form the myelin sheath (see above). The sheath is not continuous. Individual myelinating Schwann cells cover about 100 micrometres of an axonâequating to approximately 10,000 Schwann cells along a 1 metre length of the axon.