Many of the methods used in participatory research are drawn from mainstream disciplines and conventional research itself involves varying degrees of participation. The key difference between participatory and conventional methodologies lies in the location of power in the research process.
Symptoms of botulism usually start around 7-10 days after contamination. The botulinum toxins block the action of the nerves on the muscles. As a result, the first signs of botulism are muscle weakness and poor co-ordination. In the early stages the horse has muscle tremors.
1 An average of 110 cases of botulism is reported annually in the US. 2  Approximately seventy percent of these cases are infant botulism. 3  Mean age of onset is 13 weeks, with a range from 1 to 63 weeks. An average of 110 cases of botulism is reported annually in the US. 2  Over the past few years the number of cases of wound botulism has been between thirty and forty percent. 3  The median age of affected patients is 41 years with a range of 23-58 years.