This means that the Markov chain may be modeled as a n*n matrix, where n is the number of possible states. An example of a process which may be modeled by a Markov chain is the sequence of faces of a die showing up, if you are allowed to rotate the die wrt an edge. The corresponding matrix is. As usual, Wikipedia and MathWorld are your friends. share | cite | improve this answer.
Amino acid. Amino acid, any of a group of organic molecules that consist of a basic amino group (âNH2), an acidic carboxyl group (âCOOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid. The term amino acid is short for Î±-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid. Each molecule contains a central carbon (C) atom, called the Î±-carbon, to which both an amino and a carboxyl group are attached. The remaining two bonds of the Î±-carbon atom are generally satisfied by a hydrogen (H) atom and the R group.
During the construction of a new DNA strand, a molecule called a hydroxyl group (which contains an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom) attaches to the sugar of the last dNTP in the strand and chemically binds to the phosphate group on the next dNTP.