A tax expenditure program is government spending through the tax code. Tax expenditures alter the horizontal and vertical equity of the basic tax system by allowing exemptions, deductions, or credits to select groups or specific activities.
Aspiration may occur under several circumstances. 1  Before the swallowing reflex is triggered, when the airway has not elevated or closed. 2  During the swallowing if the laryngeal valves are not functioning adequately. 3  After the swallow when the larynx lowers and opens for inhalation.
Excess fluid builds-up in the abdomen when a person has ascites. A build up of fluid in the abdomen, called ascites, is often caused by cirrhosis of the liver. Ascites is often related to alcoholism. Ascites may cause pressure on the diaphragm, leading to shortness of breathe. Persistent coughing and shortness of breath may accompany ascites.