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Therefore, a large left-to-right shunt through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) results in left atrial and left ventricular enlargement. The pulmonary veins and the ascending aorta can also be dilated with a sufficiently large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV). An endoscope being used to make a hole in the ventricle so the patient can avoid needing a shunt. For a small number of children, an endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) surgery may be a treatment option. This surgery replaces the need to have a shunt. Most often it's done in children who have a narrow or blocked channel leading out of their ventricles (aqueductal stenosis).