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Lineal descent means that anyone directly descended from original tribal enrollees could be eligible for tribal enrollment, regardless of how much native blood they have. A collateral descendant is a legal term for a relative descended from a brother or sister of an ancestor, and thus a niece, nephew, or cousin.
Node: the last point at which the two new lineages shared a common ancestor. Derived character: a trait that arose in the most recent common ancestor and was passed along to its descendants. Smaller clades are nested within larger clades.Whether or not a character is derived depends on the level of grouping. Example: Hair is a derived character for the clade Mammalia but four limbs is NOT a derived character for the clade Mammalia. If it were then only mammals would have that trait. clade must be a monophyletic group (includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants). NOTE: Some of the taxa in the Linnaean classification system were paraphyletic meaning the group includes a common ancestor but excludes one or more groups of descendants.