Planetary boundary layer (PBL) Planetary boundary layer (PBL), also called atmospheric boundary layer, the region of the lower troposphere where Earthâs surface strongly influences temperature, moisture, and wind through the turbulent transfer of air mass.
Portfolio optimization tools are useful to assist planners, advisers, and clients in ways to conceptualize the asset allocation problem. But, they should not be relied upon as the primary tool for structuring an investment portfolio.
Numerical Nonlinear Global Optimization. Numerical algorithms for constrained nonlinear optimization can be broadly categorized into gradient-based methods and direct search methods. Gradient-based methods use first derivatives (gradients) or second derivatives (Hessians). Examples are the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, the augmented Lagrangian method, and the (nonlinear) interior point method. Direct search methods do not use derivative information. Examples are NelderâMead, genetic algorithm and differential evolution, and simulated annealing.