1 A civil township is a widely used unit of local government in the United States, subordinate to a county. 2  Specific responsibilities and the degree of autonomy vary based on each state. 3  In many states, townships are organized and operate under the authority of state statutes, similar to counties. In western Canada townships exist only for the purpose of land division by the Dominion Land Survey and do not form administrative units. 2  These townships are six miles by six miles (36 square miles, or roughly 93.24 kmÂ²). 3  Townships are designated by their township number and range number.
The basic concept behind critical geopolitics is that intellectuals of statecraft construct ideas about places, these ideas have influence and reinforce their political behaviors and policy choices, and these ideas affect how we, the people, process our own notions of places and politics.
Geocentric model. The geocentric model of the cosmos is a paradigm which places the Earth at the center of the universe. Common in ancient Greece, it was believed by both Aristotle and Ptolemy.Most Greeks assumed that the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets orbit Earth.Similar ideas were held in ancient China.he geocentric model was gradually replaced by the heliocentric model of Copernicus and Galileo due to the simplicity and predictive accuracy of that newer model. In this model, a set of fifty-five concentric crystalline spheres were considered to hold the Sun, the planets, and the stars.