The first delay effects were achieved using tape loops improvised on reel-to-reel magnetic recording systems. By shortening or lengthening the loop of tape and adjusting the read and write heads, the nature of the delayed echo could be controlled.
Definition of VM. In Lawrence Associates' Virtual Manufacturing User Workshop report, Virtual Manufacturing (VM)is defined to be an integrated, synthetic manufacturing environment exercised to enhance all levels of decision and control. Design-Centered VM: provides manufacturing information to the designer during the design phase.
Vendor-managed inventory. Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is a family of business models in which the buyer of a product provides certain information to a supplier (vendor) of that product and the supplier takes full responsibility for maintaining an agreed inventory of the material, usually at the buyer's consumption location (usually a store).