A tax expenditure program is government spending through the tax code. Tax expenditures alter the horizontal and vertical equity of the basic tax system by allowing exemptions, deductions, or credits to select groups or specific activities.
Aspiration may occur under several circumstances. 1  Before the swallowing reflex is triggered, when the airway has not elevated or closed. 2  During the swallowing if the laryngeal valves are not functioning adequately. 3  After the swallow when the larynx lowers and opens for inhalation.
Grunting respiration Common Causes. Some of the common causes of Grunting respiration may include: Asthma. Floppy larynx. Pneumonia. Severe sepsis. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Transient tics.