Forensic Drug Identification by Gas Chromatography- Infrared Spectroscopy . Award Number: 2008-DN-BX-K161 . Robert Shipman, Trisha Conti, PhD, Tara Tighe, MS and Eric Buel, PhD . ABSTRACT . The primary goal of the forensic drug examiner is the unequivocal identification of any controlled substance present in a drug exhibit. Most forensic laboratories routinely employ Gas Chromatography/ Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) as the preferred method for this examination.
Vasodepressor syncope is a common medical problem that can usually be diagnosed through an accurate history and upright tilt testing. In most cases, long-term therapy is not necessary, and the majority of patients experience a striking decrease in syncopal episodes following a tilt test and the ensuing reassuring explanation from their physician.
Syncope is due to a temporary reduction in blood flow and therefore a shortage of oxygen to the brain. This leads to lightheadedness or a black out episode, a loss of consciousness. Temporary impairment of the blood supply to the brain can be caused by heart conditions and by conditions that do not directly involve the heart: