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Therefore, a large left-to-right shunt through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) results in left atrial and left ventricular enlargement. The pulmonary veins and the ascending aorta can also be dilated with a sufficiently large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
(See Surgery for Chiari.) Type I Chiari can be corrected with surgery to relieve the pressure on the spinal column. Surgery usually produces excellent results with few or no complications. In patients with hydrocephalus, a minimally invasive procedure called endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) can drain the fluid.