The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root ramiá¸a or ar-ramaá¸, which means scorching heat or dryness. Fasting is fardh (obligatory) for adult Muslims, except those who are suffering from an illness, travelling, are elderly, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetic or going through menstrual bleeding.
Transparency in an organization implies visibility into the functions of the organization for its stakeholders. It should be noted that transparency does not mean opening up the intellectual property files or company's classified documents.t is essential that an organization articulates and practices transparency through its well defined processes. Some process where transparency is of utmost importance are discussed in this article.
A hierarchical organization is an organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity. This arrangement is a form of a hierarchy.ith all levels of an organization having access to information and communication via digital means, power structures align more as a wirearchy, enabling the flow of power and authority to be based not on hierarchical levels, but on information, trust, credibility, and a focus on results.