Dog Training Cost. 1  Group classes at a local community center, dog daycare or pet store usually cost from $40 to $125 or more for four to eight weekly one-hour sessions. Amazon has a selection of dog training books starting under $10. 2  Some shelters offer low-cost training, starting at about $35 and up for several weeks of classes. 3  The cost is usually lower for a dog adopted from that shelter. 4  Some boarding training programs offer a discount for a second dog from the same household.
Currently, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is best indicated for T1 (< 7 cm) or T2 (>7 cm, limited to the kidney) cystic or solid renal masses. In the hands of an experienced surgeon, this can be broadened to include more extensive masses.
For a laparoscopic nephrectomy, special long instruments are inserted through the incisions, each of which is about 1/2-inch long, to remove the kidney. One of the instruments, the laparoscope, is a long tube with a small video camera on the end. This lets the surgeon see inside the abdomen.