There are four main types of episiotomy: 1  Medio-lateral: The incision is made downward and outward from the midpoint of the fourchette either to the right or left. 2  It is directed diagonally in a straight line which runs about 2.5 cm (1 in) away from the anus (midpoint between the anus and the ischial tuberosity).
Technically, hyperkalemia means an abnormally elevated level of potassium in the blood. The normal potassium level in the blood is 3.5-5.0 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Potassium levels between 5.1 mEq/L to 6.0 mEq/L reflect mild hyperkalemia.
The clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia will be reviewed here. The causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hyperkalemia are discussed separately. The most serious manifestations of hyperkalemia are muscle weakness or paralysis, cardiac conduction abnormalities, and cardiac arrhythmias. These manifestations usually occur when the serum potassium concentration is â¥7.0 meq/L with chronic hyperkalemia or possibly at lower levels with an acute rise in serum potassium.