Many causes: Elevated concentrations of plasma D-dimer can be caused by many conditions to include arterial (stroke, atrial fib, etc) or venous blood clots (DVT), pulmonary embolism, infection (sepsis/ inflammatory response), normal pregnancy, pre/eclampsia, malignancy, surgery, tissue necrosis, congestive heart failure, liver disease, intravascular coagulation.
Media-fill testing (also called aseptic manipulation testing) is performed to measure the ability of procedures, personnel and equipment to successfully produce a sterile end product. This test is a simulation of the actual compounding taking place in a facility.
According to Daft and Lengel's theory, media richness is a function of (1) the medium's capacity for immediate feedback, (2) the number of cues and channels available, (3) language variety; and (4) the degree to which intent is focused on the recipient.