When you get up in the morning and just before sleep, you are naturally in this state. When you close your eyes your brain automatically starts producing more alpha waves. Many studies monitoring the EEG activity of experienced meditators have revealed strong increases in alpha activity.
Bottom-up processing happens when someone tries to understand language by looking at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text, (e.g. sounds for a listening or words for a reading), and moves from these to trying to understand the whole text.
Self selected reading, also commonly called independent reading, is the time when students are free to read books of their own choosing, on their own level. Most classrooms in grades kindergarten through four have a classroom library that is sorted by subject and reading level. In lower grades, students maintain a small basket, or bag of self selected books that are slightly below, just at and slightly above their reading level.