Macaulay gave two alternative measures: 1  Expression (1) is FisherâWeil duration which uses zero-coupon bond prices as discount factors, and. 2  Expression (3) which uses the bond's yield to maturity to calculate discount factors.
An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave.Oscillators convert direct current (DC) from a power supply to an alternating current signal. They are widely used in many electronic devices.he most common form of linear oscillator is an electronic amplifier such as a transistor or op amp connected in a feedback loop with its output fed back into its input through a frequency selective electronic filter to provide positive feedback.
The major advantage of the oscilloscope over other measuring devices used in the lab such as the DMM is the fact that we can measure the amplitude of the signal, the frequency of a signal and we can also see if the signal is of the shape that we are expecting.