The two principal gonadotropins in vertebrates are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), although primates produce a third gonadotropin called chorionic gonadotropin (CG). LH and FSH are heterodimers consisting of two peptide chains, an alpha chain and a beta chain.H and FSH are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, while hCG and eCG are secreted by the placenta in pregnant humans and mares, respectively. The gonadotropins act on the gonads, controlling gamete and sex hormone production.
Anything that can bring about a mutation in DNA is called a mutagen. Most mutagens fall into one of two categories: They are either a form of energy or a chemical. In addition to X rays, other forms of radiation that can cause mutagens include ultraviolet radiation, gamma rays, and ionizing radiation.
Each of these mutations can cause a variety of different diseases and conditions. Read on to learn what these mutations are and what disorders they can cause. slide 1 of 8. The causes of chromosomes mutation occur when there is any change in the arrangement or structure of the chromosomes.These mutations occur most often during meiosis during the stage when crossing over occurs. There are several different mutation types that result in chromosomal structure change.This change in structure leads to serious changes in an organisms' phenotype and genotype. If essential parts of the DNA are affected by chromosomal mutations, a foetus can be aborted prior to birth without the mother's control.ach of these mutations can cause a variety of different diseases and conditions. Read on to learn what these mutations are and what disorders they can cause. slide 1 of 8. The causes of chromosomes mutation occur when there is any change in the arrangement or structure of the chromosomes.