When basic sugar (or sucrose) is inverted, it is broken down into the two basic elements that make it up: glucose and fructose. Inverted sugar syrup is produced either unintentionally, by adding specific ingredients to a recipe, or intentionally to make a sugar syrup that has many advantages in baking.
Larger sensors are the reason that 8 megapixels from a digital SLR camera (or 5 or 13) best those 8 megapixels from a smartphone camera. You get roughly the same number of pixels, but the pixels on the dSLR get to be larger, and therefore let in more light.
Video resolution is essentially the number of pixels in your video. The more pixels you have, the clearer your picture will be. For webcams, 1080p is the best resolution available and should give you the clearest and most detailed images.