Many causes: Elevated concentrations of plasma D-dimer can be caused by many conditions to include arterial (stroke, atrial fib, etc) or venous blood clots (DVT), pulmonary embolism, infection (sepsis/ inflammatory response), normal pregnancy, pre/eclampsia, malignancy, surgery, tissue necrosis, congestive heart failure, liver disease, intravascular coagulation.
Media-fill testing (also called aseptic manipulation testing) is performed to measure the ability of procedures, personnel and equipment to successfully produce a sterile end product. This test is a simulation of the actual compounding taking place in a facility.
A particular challenge with rapid tests is how to communicate a reactive result to the client (who may be present while the result is being read) and explain that supplementary tests are needed. Moreover, for further testing to take place, the client must consent to have an additional sample taken.