When you get up in the morning and just before sleep, you are naturally in this state. When you close your eyes your brain automatically starts producing more alpha waves. Many studies monitoring the EEG activity of experienced meditators have revealed strong increases in alpha activity.
Bottom-up processing happens when someone tries to understand language by looking at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text, (e.g. sounds for a listening or words for a reading), and moves from these to trying to understand the whole text.
1 The process of close reading is twofold: first, read the text; second, interpret your reading. 2  Interpretation is a kind of inductive reasoning: you should move from the observation of particular facts and details to a reading based on those details. Interpretation is a kind of inductive reasoning: you should move from the observation of particular facts and details to a reading based on those details. 2  A close reading does not mean a close description-the reading element indicates activity on the part of the reader.