A tax expenditure program is government spending through the tax code. Tax expenditures alter the horizontal and vertical equity of the basic tax system by allowing exemptions, deductions, or credits to select groups or specific activities.
Aspiration may occur under several circumstances. 1  Before the swallowing reflex is triggered, when the airway has not elevated or closed. 2  During the swallowing if the laryngeal valves are not functioning adequately. 3  After the swallow when the larynx lowers and opens for inhalation.
Ascites is most often caused by liver scarring. This increases pressure inside the liverâs blood vessels. The increased pressure can force fluid into the abdominal cavity, causing ascites. Liver damage is the single biggest risk factor for ascites. Some causes of liver damage include: