This means that the Markov chain may be modeled as a n*n matrix, where n is the number of possible states. An example of a process which may be modeled by a Markov chain is the sequence of faces of a die showing up, if you are allowed to rotate the die wrt an edge. The corresponding matrix is. As usual, Wikipedia and MathWorld are your friends. share | cite | improve this answer.
Amino acid. Amino acid, any of a group of organic molecules that consist of a basic amino group (âNH2), an acidic carboxyl group (âCOOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid. The term amino acid is short for Î±-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid. Each molecule contains a central carbon (C) atom, called the Î±-carbon, to which both an amino and a carboxyl group are attached. The remaining two bonds of the Î±-carbon atom are generally satisfied by a hydrogen (H) atom and the R group.
Nucleic Acids. Amino acids on the other hand are the building blocks of our proteins. All proteins are made of alpha amino acids. They consist of a carboxylic acid (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) functional group attached to the same tetrahedral carbon atom. This carbon is the a-carbon. Distinct R-groups, that distinguish one amino acid from another, also are attached to the alpha-carbon (except in the case of glycine where the R-group is hydrogen). The fourth substitution on the tetrahedral a-carbon of amino acids is hydrogen.