A tax expenditure program is government spending through the tax code. Tax expenditures alter the horizontal and vertical equity of the basic tax system by allowing exemptions, deductions, or credits to select groups or specific activities.
Aspiration may occur under several circumstances. 1  Before the swallowing reflex is triggered, when the airway has not elevated or closed. 2  During the swallowing if the laryngeal valves are not functioning adequately. 3  After the swallow when the larynx lowers and opens for inhalation.
The following also increase the risk for aspiration pneumonia: 1  The muscles that help you swallow are weakened by stroke, Alzheimer disease, or other diseases.  A weakened immune system from age, diabetes, COPD, heart failure, or other health problems.