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Therefore, a large left-to-right shunt through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) results in left atrial and left ventricular enlargement. The pulmonary veins and the ascending aorta can also be dilated with a sufficiently large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
A lumbar-peritoneal shunt is a piece of tubing inserted through a surgical procedure performed to relieve pressure in areas of the brain and spinal cord caused by a buildup of fluid applying pressure to the brain. This form of shunt is commonly used to treat intracranial hypertension and the resulting symptoms of vision loss and persistent headaches.