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Therefore, a large left-to-right shunt through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) results in left atrial and left ventricular enlargement. The pulmonary veins and the ascending aorta can also be dilated with a sufficiently large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
In order to achieve. adequate dialysis blood flow, an arteriovenous shunt is mandatory. The disturbed. hemodynamics caused by this surgical intervention, affect adversely both the venous and. the arterial sides of the shunt. The irregular blood flow at the venous anastomosis and.