Planetary boundary layer (PBL) Planetary boundary layer (PBL), also called atmospheric boundary layer, the region of the lower troposphere where Earthâs surface strongly influences temperature, moisture, and wind through the turbulent transfer of air mass.
Portfolio optimization tools are useful to assist planners, advisers, and clients in ways to conceptualize the asset allocation problem. But, they should not be relied upon as the primary tool for structuring an investment portfolio.
Combinatorial optimization is the study of optimization on discrete and combinatorial objects. It started as a part of combinatorics and graph theory, but is now viewed as a branch of applied mathematics and computer science, related to operations research, algorithm theory and computational complexity theory.