When you get up in the morning and just before sleep, you are naturally in this state. When you close your eyes your brain automatically starts producing more alpha waves. Many studies monitoring the EEG activity of experienced meditators have revealed strong increases in alpha activity.
Bottom-up processing happens when someone tries to understand language by looking at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text, (e.g. sounds for a listening or words for a reading), and moves from these to trying to understand the whole text.
Class practical. In this activity the rate of water uptake, due to transpiration, by a shoot from a woody plant, is measured by timing how long a bubble takes to move a set distance, in the capillary tube of an h-shaped potometer. Loosen the screw on the boss and lower the potometer, so that the capillary tube just goes back into the water in the beaker. Retighten the screw on the boss. g There are two ways of taking measurements: 1  Start the stop clock when the bubble of air touches the first marked line.