:-#). happy with a mustache. :-#|. smiley face with bushy mustache. :-$. smiley face with it's mouth wired shut; message indicating person is ill; uncertainty. :-%. banker; bearded; talking out of both sides of mouth. :-&. smiley which is tongue-tied; message indicating person is angry.
Some states have codified duties to warn, though duty to warn laws vary from state to state. Some. states have permissive warning that allows mental health professionals to ease confidentiality. discretionarily, but do not mandate it, and do not impose liability to failing to warn. Other states have. not established any kind of statutory duty to warn, though it may be imposed by case law.
Thus, Leslie makes it clear by reminding us of the exact words of the courtâs 1976 ruling that in California, the duty is to PROTECT, and in order to fulfill that duty to protect, actions a therapist might have to take could be to warn the potential victim and/or to notify the police, but such actions were not specifically required by the ruling.