When you get up in the morning and just before sleep, you are naturally in this state. When you close your eyes your brain automatically starts producing more alpha waves. Many studies monitoring the EEG activity of experienced meditators have revealed strong increases in alpha activity.
Bottom-up processing happens when someone tries to understand language by looking at individual meanings or grammatical characteristics of the most basic units of the text, (e.g. sounds for a listening or words for a reading), and moves from these to trying to understand the whole text.
Bottom-up budgeting starts at the bottom of an organization. A budget is decided by lower-level management and then presented to top management for approval. Top management will either approve the proposed budget or send it back down to lower management for review and modification.