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Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of protein kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell cycle. They are also involved in regulating transcription, mRNA processing, and the differentiation of nerve cells.
The CDKs directly involved in the regulation of the cell cycle associate with small, 9- to 13-kiloDalton proteins called Suk1 or Cks. These proteins are required for CDK function, but their precise role is unknown. Cks1 binds the carboxy lobe of the CDK, and recognizes phosphorylated residues.he structure of human Cdk2 revealed that CDKs have a modified ATP-binding site that can be regulated by cyclin binding. Phosphorylation by CDK-activating kinase (CAK) at Thr 161 on the T-loop increases the complex activity.