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Quick Answer.  Noble gases are unreactive because their outer electron shells are full and therefore in their most stable state. Normally, elements react with one another because they have incomplete electron shells. They lose, gain or share electrons in order to gain a more stable electron configuration.
The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. They are Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon in order of increasing atomic weight. These elements were considered to be inert gases, as they have a closed-shell configuration, until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of 0 prevents the noble gases from forming compounds readily. This was found to be incorrect in 1962 when Neil Bartlett succeeded in making the first complex xenon compound.