Less expensive. The cost difference between building a roundabout and a traffic signal is comparable. Where long-term costs are considered, roundabouts eliminate hardware, maintenance and electrical costs associated with traffic signals, which can cost between $5,000 and $10,000 per year.Roundabouts are also more effective during power outages.here long-term costs are considered, roundabouts eliminate hardware, maintenance and electrical costs associated with traffic signals, which can cost between $5,000 and $10,000 per year. Roundabouts are also more effective during power outages.
A rendering of the magnetic field lines of Earth's magnetosphere. A magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are controlled by that object's magnetic field. The magnetic field near the surface of many astronomical objects resembles that of a dipole.
The ionosphere is defined as the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Short wave radiation that penetrates the Earth's atmosphere does not reach the surface.A few examples of short wave radiation are x-rays, ultraviolet and gamma rays. When these waves pass through the atmosphere, they ionize molecules of oxygen and nitrogen and create a thin ionized region known as the ionosphere.he ionosphere is very important because it can be used to help transmit radio waves across the globe. The radio waves are able to bounce off the ionosphere for communication purposes.