A liquidated damages clause sets an amount in a contract in the event of a breach. A liquidated damages clause isn't a penalty, though it may sound like one. A penalty is usually disproportionate to the actual harm, and is meant to punish or deter breaching a contract.
Acidic stools can be caused from absorption problems from the diet and foods you eat. Some people have acidic stools as a result of a lactose intolerance.
A reduction in bile salts due to liver disease, gall stones, and other conditions causes the stool to be pale. Dark stool can be due to dark foods, medications, or supplements, or may be due to digestive tract bleeding, which can result in red, maroon, or even black, tarry stool.