Guarantees a minimum wage of $8.25 per hour for workers 18 years of age and older; workers under 18 may be paid $.50 per hour less than the adult minimum wage. Credit for tips may not exceed 40% of the applicable minimum wage.
Predictor (common alternate for independent variable that softens the causal language. ) Carrier (mostly in the regression diagnostic literature) X variable (due to common notation) Covariate (strictly speaking this applies to variables that are observed not manipulated)
A confounder is a variable that is correlated (directly or inversely) to the independent variable and correlated to the dependent variable. A lurking variable is a covariate that is not taken in account for by the researchers of the quantitative study. Confounding is a causal concept, and as such, cannot be described in terms of correlations or associations (see causal definition).