Noun. 1. axon-long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron. axone. nerve fiber, nerve fibre-a threadlike extension of a nerve cell.nerve cell, neuron-a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses. nerve end, nerve ending-the terminal structure of an axon that does not end at a synapse.oun. 1. axon-long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron. axone. nerve fiber, nerve fibre-a threadlike extension of a nerve cell.
The genetic code is a nearly universal language that encodes directions for cells. The language uses DNA nucleotides, arranged in codons of three, to store the blueprints for amino acid chains.
A central tenet of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information in a cell is from DNA through RNA to proteins: âDNA makes RNA makes proteinâ.Proteins are the workhorses of the cell; they play leading roles in the cell as enzymes, as structural components, and in cell signaling, to name just a few.n a number of clinically important viruses RNA, rather than DNA, carries the viral genetic information. RNA also plays an important role in regulating cellular processesâfrom cell division, differentiation and growth to cell aging and death.