California income tax deductions are above-the-line expenses that can be deducted from your gross income before you calculate your taxable income. By carefully choosing your deductions in order to minimize your taxable income, you can ensure that you get the largest possible refund when you file your California and Federal income taxes. 1  California supports many of the same deductions as the IRS does for your federal income tax return.
Russian tortoise hatchlings measure about 1 inch in carapace length. As they mature, they reach a maximum length of 8 to 10 inches. Females are normally a little larger than males at full size. When females are about 6 inches long, they are large enough to begin producing eggs.
Eventually, most sulcatas end up being moved to an outdoor enclosure. Adult sulcatas need a lot of space, at least 100 sq ft of floor space per adult tortoise. They can be kept as breeding trios of one adult male and up to four adult female tortoises, but there may be fighting depending on the individual personality.