The recurrent laryngeal nerve is also known as the inferior laryngeal nerve. The right nerve branches from the vagus at the root of the neck around the right subclavian artery. It courses superiorly in the tracheoesophageal groove to enter the larynx between the cricopharyngeus and the esophagus.
Emphysema is a form of chronic (long-term) lung disease. People with emphysema have difficulty breathing from a limitation in blowing air out. There are multiple causes of emphysema, but smoking is by far the most common. Emphysema is one of the main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Emphysema Stages and Life Expectancy. The life expectancy of patients diagnosed with emphysema depends on many factors. The two most important factors that the doctors determine here are the stage of emphysema and the kind of treatment that will be used [12].The stages of emphysema are determined using Pulmonary Function Testing (PFTs).mphysema Stages and Life Expectancy. The life expectancy of patients diagnosed with emphysema depends on many factors. The two most important factors that the doctors determine here are the stage of emphysema and the kind of treatment that will be used [12].