Carrie Chapman Catt was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association and was the founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women. She led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the constitutional amendment giving them the right to vote and convinced
Ionic bonding. Sodium is an alkali metal, and chlorine is a halogen. This means that sodium contains one electron in its outer orbital and chlorine contains seven electrons in its outer orbital. One electron moves from the sodium atom and attaches to the chlorine atom to fill its outer orbital.This is the creation of two ions (sodium Na+ and chloride Cl-) and the result is table salt.ne electron moves from the sodium atom and attaches to the chlorine atom to fill its outer orbital. This is the creation of two ions (sodium Na+ and chloride Cl-) and the result is table salt.
chloride is typical. In solid NaCl each sodium ion is surrounded by six chloride ions and each chloride ion is surrounded by six sodium ions. In this arrangement each ion is attracted strongly to each of its neighbors and repulsions are minimized. The large attractive forces result in a very stable structure.