A transudative pleural effusion occurs when pleural. fluid accumulates because of an imbalance between. the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures. The leading. causes of transudative pleural effusions are congestive. heart failure, cirrhosis, and pulmonary embolism.
âRetrieval practiceâ is a learning strategy where we focus on getting information out. Through the act of retrieval, or calling information to mind, our memory for that information is strengthened and forgetting is less likely to occur. Retrieval practice is a powerful tool for improving learning without more technology, money, or class time. On this website (and in our free Retrieval Practice Guide), we discuss how to use retrieval practice to improve learning.
Collective learning is viewed as a more macro-level concept that emphasizes the synergy and advantages of the collective element. Collective learning has been defined in a variety of ways. It is possible to view it as an aggregate of individual learning.According to this perspective, collective learning occurs when individuals create, acquire, and share unique knowledge and information.ollective learning, therefore, represents a macro concept that addresses learning at the levels of the team, the organization, and society. An important distinction is made between individual learning and collective learning.