In ionic bonding, electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. In the process of either losing or gaining negatively charged electrons, the reacting atoms form ions. The oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other by electrostatic forces, which are the basis of the ionic bond.
Entropy is a measure of the degree of the spreading and sharing of thermal energy within a system. The entropy of a substance increases with its molecular weight and complexity and with temperature. The entropy also increases as the pressure or concentration becomes smaller.
â¢ ïG = ïH-TïS (ïG in units of kJ/mol) ïµ ïH is enthalpy (kJ/mol), T is temperature (K), ïS is change in entropy (J/molÂ·K) â¢ In any spontaneous process (constant T and P), the free energy of the system always decreases! Spontaneity is determined by both the enthalpy and entropy of a reaction. Enthalpy, Entropy and Spontaneity Nature tends toward state of lower energy. ï· Many spontaneous processes are exothermic (e.g. combustion reactions have ï ï Nature tends to become more disordered or random.