Noun. 1. axon-long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron. axone. nerve fiber, nerve fibre-a threadlike extension of a nerve cell.nerve cell, neuron-a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses. nerve end, nerve ending-the terminal structure of an axon that does not end at a synapse.oun. 1. axon-long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron. axone. nerve fiber, nerve fibre-a threadlike extension of a nerve cell.
The genetic code is a nearly universal language that encodes directions for cells. The language uses DNA nucleotides, arranged in codons of three, to store the blueprints for amino acid chains.
An organism's genetic information is encoded as a linear sequence of bases in the cell's DNA. During the process known as transcription, a RNA copy of a segment of DNA, or messenger RNA (mRNA), is made. This strand of RNA can then be read by a ribosome to form a protein.RNAs also play important roles in protein synthesis, as will be discussed in the ribozyme section, as well as in gene regulation.roteins are the workhorse of the cell and carry out diverse catalytic and structural roles, while the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, carry the genetic information that can be inherited from one generation to the next.