Only during the later phases of the Habsburg dynastyâs rule of the remnants of the Holy Roman Empire did German make territorial gains as a commercial language in East Central Europe (Silesia, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia, Galicia, Bukovina Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia...).
1. Token-based protocols can be used to control the right to transmit in networks that do not have a ring topology. Design a token-based. protocol to control the right to transmit in a LAN with a bus topology. 2. Describe the steps followed by a machine that wants to transmit a message in a network using the CSMA/CD protocol.
When a host sends a packet, the packet is transmitted from an upper layer protocol (TCP, UDP, or ICMP) to IP, and then IP on the sending host does the following: 1  Sets the Time-to-Live (TTL) value to either a default or application-specified value.