Peter Townsend: Poverty = low income. One attempt to develop a relative definition of poverty is that of Townsend. Townsend & Abel Smith (1965) , The Poor and the Poorest. Their claim was that anyone with an income below 140% of a household's entitlement to National Assistance was living in poverty.heckpoints. 1  There is no objective definition of poverty. 2  The choice of definition is related to the values of the researcher. 3  So, academics and politicians influenced by market liberal theories tend to use absolute definitions. 4  Researchers in the social democratic tradition tend to use relative definitions.
North Africa is a region of Africa, separated from the rest of Africa by the Sahara Desert. Eight countries make up the northern region of Africa: Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan.
54 sovereign states (countries), and a handful (10) of small dependent territories, still controlled by former colonial powers. All African states except Morocco are members of the African Union, the association of sovereign African nations established in 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Click on the country/city name on the map to get more information about each African Nation, or major city, or you may also use the links below.n north Africa is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar, in west by the Atlantic Ocean, in south and south east by the Indian Ocean, and on its north eastern coast by the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden.