Social exclusion (or marginalization) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.It is a term used widely in Europe, and was first used in France. It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.ocial exclusion (or marginalization) is social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is thought to be caused by trauma to dentoalveolar structures that have a limited capacity for bone healing due to the effects of bisphosphonate therapy. See the image below. Exposed, necrotic bone in the left anterior maxilla.
Osteonecrosis is a condition that develops as a consequence of temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to bone. The lack of blood supply to bone causes that part of the bone to die. The bone may collapse as it dies, and if the affected bone is near a joint, the joint surface can collapse. Osteonecrosis can affect any bone but most commonly affects the ends of the femur, upper arm bone, knees, shoulders, and ankles. 1  Osteonecrosis of the jaw is considered rare and has been linked to bisphosphonate use.