Only during the later phases of the Habsburg dynastyâs rule of the remnants of the Holy Roman Empire did German make territorial gains as a commercial language in East Central Europe (Silesia, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia, Galicia, Bukovina Hungary, Croatia, Slovenia...).
1. Token-based protocols can be used to control the right to transmit in networks that do not have a ring topology. Design a token-based. protocol to control the right to transmit in a LAN with a bus topology. 2. Describe the steps followed by a machine that wants to transmit a message in a network using the CSMA/CD protocol.
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network-layer Internet protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding IP packet processing back to the source.ICMP is documented in RFC 792.he Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network-layer Internet protocol that provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding IP packet processing back to the source.