Patients with chronic hepatitis B have antibodies against hepatitis B, but these antibodies are not enough to clear the infection of the affected liver cells. The continued production of virus combined with antibodies is a likely cause of the immune complex disease seen in these patients.
1 Hydrolytic Degradation: ï This process occurs in polymers that are watersensitive active groups, especially those that take a lot of moisture. ï 2  Polymers that have an ability for hydrolytic destruction usually have heteroatoms in the main or side chain. Mechanism of Hydrolytic Degradation ï Hydrolytic degradation of members of the polylactide/glycolide family proceeds through four stages as represented in Figure 2: First stage of water diffusion followed by second stage, in which oligomers with acidic endgroups autocatalyze the hydrolysis reaction.
These pre-treatment methods alter the physical and chemical properties of sludge. in order to make it more readily degradable by anaerobic digestion. The thermal hydrolysis. process has been used in several treatment plants around the world, but none currently operate in. the US. Thermal hydrolysis causes cell walls to rupture under the effect of high temperature and. high pressure and results in highly solubilized product which is readily biodegradable. The. performance of the process was evaluated for a treatment plant located in Dallas, TX.