Less expensive. The cost difference between building a roundabout and a traffic signal is comparable. Where long-term costs are considered, roundabouts eliminate hardware, maintenance and electrical costs associated with traffic signals, which can cost between $5,000 and $10,000 per year.Roundabouts are also more effective during power outages.here long-term costs are considered, roundabouts eliminate hardware, maintenance and electrical costs associated with traffic signals, which can cost between $5,000 and $10,000 per year. Roundabouts are also more effective during power outages.
THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE. The magnetosphere is the Earth's magnetic environment. The Earth is a huge dipole (2-pole) magnet. The Earth's magnetic field is probably cause by its molten iron-nickel core. This magnetic field is aligned with the north and south poles, and has reversed many times during geologic history.
The ionosphere is defined as the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Short wave radiation that penetrates the Earth's atmosphere does not reach the surface.A few examples of short wave radiation are x-rays, ultraviolet and gamma rays. When these waves pass through the atmosphere, they ionize molecules of oxygen and nitrogen and create a thin ionized region known as the ionosphere.he ionosphere is very important because it can be used to help transmit radio waves across the globe. The radio waves are able to bounce off the ionosphere for communication purposes.