Peter Townsend: Poverty = low income. One attempt to develop a relative definition of poverty is that of Townsend. Townsend & Abel Smith (1965) , The Poor and the Poorest. Their claim was that anyone with an income below 140% of a household's entitlement to National Assistance was living in poverty.heckpoints. 1  There is no objective definition of poverty. 2  The choice of definition is related to the values of the researcher. 3  So, academics and politicians influenced by market liberal theories tend to use absolute definitions. 4  Researchers in the social democratic tradition tend to use relative definitions.
North Africa is a region of Africa, separated from the rest of Africa by the Sahara Desert. Eight countries make up the northern region of Africa: Western Sahara, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, and South Sudan.
Now that you know more about Scandinavia's countries, take a look at the maps of Scandinavia and learn more about the capitals of Scandinavia. About Scandinavia: Scandinavia is considered to be the northern European peninsula that includes the countries of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and several thousands of islands.earn more in Category: Norway. Sweden: Sweden offers numerous lakes and is the largest of the Scandinavian countries-both in land size and population. Volvo and Saab both originated here and are a big part of the Swedish industry.