The cytoskeleton has many functions. It is made up of different types of proteins that combine to make different types of filaments. The cytoskeletal filaments are dynamic, meaning they can grow and shrink at different parts of the cell and at different rates.
1 Another method of genetic transfer and recombination is transduction. 2  This method involves the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another with the use of a bacteriophage (phage). 3  A phage is a virus that infects bacteria.
Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.ynthesis of RNA is usually catalyzed by an enzymeâ RNA polymerase âusing DNA as a template, a process known as transcription. Initiation of transcription begins with the binding of the enzyme to a promoter sequence in the DNA (usually found upstream of a gene).