Patients with chronic hepatitis B have antibodies against hepatitis B, but these antibodies are not enough to clear the infection of the affected liver cells. The continued production of virus combined with antibodies is a likely cause of the immune complex disease seen in these patients.
1 Hydrolytic Degradation: ï This process occurs in polymers that are watersensitive active groups, especially those that take a lot of moisture. ï 2  Polymers that have an ability for hydrolytic destruction usually have heteroatoms in the main or side chain. Mechanism of Hydrolytic Degradation ï Hydrolytic degradation of members of the polylactide/glycolide family proceeds through four stages as represented in Figure 2: First stage of water diffusion followed by second stage, in which oligomers with acidic endgroups autocatalyze the hydrolysis reaction.
ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy.ue to the acid-base properties of ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, the hydrolysis of ATP has the effect of lowering the pH of the reaction medium. Under certain conditions, high levels of ATP hydrolysis can contribute to lactic acidosis.