Penalties for computer related crimes in New York State can range from a fine and a short period of jail time for a Class A misdemeanor such as unauthorized use of a computer up to computer tampering in the first degree which is a Class C felony and can carry 3 to 15 years in prison.
In coordination chemistry, a ligand (/lÉªÉ¡Énd/) is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.The bonding between metal and ligand generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs.he arrangement of the d-orbitals on the central atom (as determined by the 'strength' of the ligand), has a strong effect on virtually all the properties of the resulting complexes. E.g., the energy differences in the d-orbitals has a strong effect in the optical absorption spectra of metal complexes.
Many ligands have more than one site which can coordinate with a metal atom or ion. These are referred to as ambidentate ligands. Small ligands with two sites, such as NO2- (N or O) or SCN- (S or N) can undergo linkage isomerism.The name of the ligand indicates which site is bound to the metal.any ligands have more than one site which can coordinate with a metal atom or ion. These are referred to as ambidentate ligands. Small ligands with two sites, such as NO2- (N or O) or SCN- (S or N) can undergo linkage isomerism.