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In 1881, Carl Wernicke first described an illness that consisted of paralysis of eye movements, ataxia, and mental confusion, in 3 patients. The patients, 2 males with alcoholism and a female with persistent vomiting following sulfuric acid ingestion, exhibited these findings, developed coma, and eventually died.
Wernicke encephalopathy is readily reversible if treated with adequate doses of parenteral thiamine, preferably within the first 48â72 h of the onset of symptoms.[3, 4] Failure to treat Wernicke encephalopathy with adequate doses of thiamine may lead to death in up to 20% of cases,[1, 5] or progression to Korsakoff syndrome.[6]