Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Nominal The lowest measurement level you can use, from a statistical point of view, is a nominal scale. A nominal scale, as the name implies, is simply some placing of data into categories, without any order or structure.ominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Nominal The lowest measurement level you can use, from a statistical point of view, is a nominal scale. A nominal scale, as the name implies, is simply some placing of data into categories, without any order or structure.
In the case of water, hydrogen bonds form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. The attraction between individual water molecules creates a bond known as a hydrogen bond. See Fig. 3-7.
If you liken the covalent bond between the oxygen and hydrogen to a stable marriage, the hydrogen bond has just good friends status. Water as a perfect example of hydrogen bonding. Notice that each water molecule can potentially form four hydrogen bonds with surrounding water molecules. There are exactly the right numbers of Î´+ hydrogens and lone pairs so that every one of them can be involved in hydrogen bonding. This is why the boiling point of water is higher than that of ammonia or hydrogen fluoride. In the case of ammonia, the amount of hydrogen bonding is limited by the fact that each nitrogen only has one lone pair. In a group of ammonia molecules, there aren't enough lone pairs to go around to satisfy all the hydrogens. That means that on average each ammonia molecule can form one hydrogen bond using its lone pair and one involving one of its Î´+ hydrogens. The other hydrogens are wasted.