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A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.here are four main kinds of wetlands â marsh, swamp, bog and fen (bogs and fens being types of mires). Some experts also recognize wet meadows and aquatic ecosystems as additional wetland types. The largest wetlands in the world include the swamp forests of the Amazon and the peatlands of Siberia.
For a description of all wetland sites in Africa, go to A Directory of African Wetlands by R.H. Hughes et al. Biodiversity. African wetlands are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on the continent. They are home to over 2,000 known species of indigenous freshwater fish live in African wetlands. For example, the Zaire River Basin, probably the most diverse area in Africa for its fishes, has over 700 identified species of which 560 are endemic to the basin (Hails, 1996).