Pernicious Anemia. Macrocytic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, weakness, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and other neurological manifestations characterize classical vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. It is common, however, to encounter patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who have atypical clinical or laboratory features.
Nutrient, Liquid and Energy Distribution. Most of the advantages of vascular tissues stem from this functional one: A tracheophyte's xylem and phloem--which comprise the vascular system and are housed in the stem--enable liquids, nutrients and energy to be transported and distributed throughout the whole of the plant.
Non-vascular Adaptations. 1. The first land plants were thought to be non-vascular. 2. Most common non-vascular plants are mosses, liverworts and hornworts. 3. Non-vascular plant characteristics. a. Habitat: wet rocks, damp tree bark, moist areas such as wetland soils, bogs, fens, tundra, forest floors .etc.. After non-vascular plants colonized land, they developed specialized tissue for the transport of water and nutrients. This specialized tissue is called vascular tissue. 3. Vascular plants are made up of roots and shoots. a. The roots are specialized to survive under the soil surface.