There are 2 surgical approaches in hernia repair surgery: the open and the laparoscopic one. An approach is called open, when the surgeon makes a single incision near the location of the hernia, dissects the surrounding tissues and repairs the hernia under direct vision.
In general, we call the largest areas of land on earth the continents of the earth.
Continents and oceans are considered to be the most basic landforms, and the arrangement of smaller landforms within these bodies is known as topography, for continental features, and bathymetry, for undersea features.