Guarantees a minimum wage of $8.25 per hour for workers 18 years of age and older; workers under 18 may be paid $.50 per hour less than the adult minimum wage. Credit for tips may not exceed 40% of the applicable minimum wage.
Predictor (common alternate for independent variable that softens the causal language. ) Carrier (mostly in the regression diagnostic literature) X variable (due to common notation) Covariate (strictly speaking this applies to variables that are observed not manipulated)
A confounding variable is an extraneous variable that is related to your independent variable and might affect your dependent variable. In an ideal study, there will be no confounding variables. Let's look at another example of a confounding variable; let's say that whenever Josh is stressed out, he gets muscle cramps. He thinks that stress causes his muscle cramps. In this example, stress is the independent variable, and the muscle cramps are the dependent variable.