- Doctorate - 4-7 years, including doctoral dissertation. You can do a Phd. right from 4 year college without getting a masters first, but most people get the masters first. MD - Medical Doctor - Med school and internship, done after BS or BA degree - can take 8 years.
Because of the relationship between the dihydropyridine receptor and the ryanodine receptor, that causes calcium that is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to be released, and the calcium released then causes muscle contraction.
The prime mover is the muscle that is primarily responsible for a certain movement. An agonist is synonymous with prime mover. A synergist is a muscle that aids the prime mover in its action to move a part. An antagonist is a muscle that acts against the prime mover.