Pernicious Anemia. Macrocytic anemia, glossitis, peripheral neuropathy, weakness, hyperreflexia, ataxia, and other neurological manifestations characterize classical vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency. It is common, however, to encounter patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who have atypical clinical or laboratory features.
Nutrient, Liquid and Energy Distribution. Most of the advantages of vascular tissues stem from this functional one: A tracheophyte's xylem and phloem--which comprise the vascular system and are housed in the stem--enable liquids, nutrients and energy to be transported and distributed throughout the whole of the plant.
This specialized cellular network is the vascular tissue system; plants with vascular tissues are referred to as vascular plants. The vascular tissue system is composed of two different types of tissues: xylem and phloem. Although both xylem and phloem form a continuous tissue system throughout the plant body, the two tissues have different functions. Xylem is the primary water- and mineral-conducting tissue, and phloem is the primary food-conducting tissue. Unlike the circulatory system in animals, the vascular tissue in plants does not recirculate water.