Patients were stratified according to tumor PD-L1 status assessed in a central laboratory by immunohistochemical testing (positive vs. negative or indeterminate), BRAF mutation status (V600 mutation-positive vs. wild-type) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.[Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Swallowing air excessively; Gastroesophageal reflux; Hiatus hernia; Rapid eating; Intense emotions such as fear, anxiety, excitement, joy, or euphoria [citation needed] Carbonated beverages, alcohol, dry breads, and some spicy foods; Opiate drug use; Laughing; Hiccups may be triggered by a number of common human conditions.
Hiccups are due to the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm muscle. This causes you to inhale suddenly, followed by a reflex shutting of the epiglottis, which makes the hic sound. Hiccups are stopped by stimulating the vagus nerve to the diaphragm, such as by drinking water upside down.