Cost functions. Both use total, average, variable, and marginal costs; engineers. go into much greater detail than economists. Short-run and long-run cost functions. Economists typically focus on effects of volume and prices. Engineers typically focus on costs and capacity. Duality of production and cost functions.
Most traits are more complicated, such as multi-allele and polygenic traits, which are are regulated by more than one gene coding for more than one protein or enzyme. Multi-allele traits are located on a single gene, but their expression is more nuanced than genes with classic inheritance patterns.
When the alleles of a pair are heterozygous, one may be dominant and the other recessive. The dominant allele is expressed and the recessive allele is masked. This is an example of complete dominance.llele-A Genetics Definition. An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.