Causes and Risk Factors. Diffuse esophageal spasms can be caused by disruptions or damage to the nerves that coordinate the muscles of the esophagus. In some cases, this condition can lead to. achalasia.he esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. During swallowing, it contracts in a coordinated way to move food or liquid to the stomach. Diffuse esophageal spasm causes the esophagus to contract in an uncoordinated way. As a result, what is swallowed is not pushed down into the stomach.
Other neurons heavily involved in controlling sleep and wakefulness belong to the in the brainstem. By diffusing their neuromodulating substances throughout wide areas of the brain, the neurons in these systems act as switches that adjust the cortexâs sensitivity to sensory information.
The medulla oblongata is part of the nervous system in the lower  half of the brainstem in which connects the brain and spinal cord.  It is subconscious and it controls the â¦ involuntary action such as  breathing, blood pressure and even heartbeat. Answered.he lower portion of the brainstem (brainstem includes the middle brain, pons, and medulla oblongata), which controls visceral functions of the body, such as heart rate, breathing/respiration, and blood pressure.