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The centromere is the part of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids. During mitosis, spindle fibers attach to the centromere via the kinetochore. Centromeres were first thought to be genetic loci that direct the behavior of chromosomes. The physical role of the centromere is to act as the site of assembly of the kinetochores â a highly complex multiprotein structure that is responsible for the actual events of chromosome segregation â i.e. binding microtubules and ...
Compaction of the duplicated chromosomes during cell division (mitosis or meiosis) results either in a four-arm structure (pictured to the right) if the centromere is located in the middle of the chromosome or a two-arm structure if the centromere is located near one of the ends.uman cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell. In addition to these, human cells have many hundreds of copies of the mitochondrial genome.