Cost functions. Both use total, average, variable, and marginal costs; engineers. go into much greater detail than economists. Short-run and long-run cost functions. Economists typically focus on effects of volume and prices. Engineers typically focus on costs and capacity. Duality of production and cost functions.
Most traits are more complicated, such as multi-allele and polygenic traits, which are are regulated by more than one gene coding for more than one protein or enzyme. Multi-allele traits are located on a single gene, but their expression is more nuanced than genes with classic inheritance patterns.
A dominant allele is an allele where its phenotype will always be represented when the allele for that gene is present.A recessive allele can be masked by a dominant allele when a dominant and recessive allele are present for the same gene. recessive allele can be masked by a dominant allele when a dominant and recessive allele are present for the same gene.