When a document from West Virginia needs to be filed in another country, those countries require proof that the document is a true and proper document. The Secretary of State provides a certification which the other country then relies on to accept the document. These procedures help prevent forgeries.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis (CVP) Definition. Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) Analysis is a tool for planning and decision-making that emphasises the interrelationships of cost, quantity sold, and price (Hansen et al., 2007). It studies the effects of changes in cost and volume on a company's profits (Weygandt et al., 2009).ost-Volume-Profit Analysis (CVP) References (4 of up to 20) *. 1  Abdel-Kader, M., Luther, R. (2006) Management Accounting Practices in the British Food and Drinks Industry. 2  British Food Journal, Vol. 108(5), pp. 3  336-357. 4  Fitzgerald, D. (2011_ ConAgra Profit Falls 6.4% on Higher Costs, Flat Volume.
Calculation of Profitability Index. While the NPV shows if the investment will yield a profit (positive NPV) or a loss (negative NPV), the profitability index will show the degree of the profit or loss. Business owners can use either the Present Value of Future Cash Flows (PV) or the Net Present Value (NPV) to calculate the profitability index. Profitability Index = (PV/Amount Invested) = 1 + (NPV/Amount Invested) Using the example, a company expects to receive $100,000 three years from now on an $85,000 investment.