One is what the iSeries team refers to as direct and it is like pSeries Linux I/O. The I/O device is assigned specifically to the Linux partition and is fully managed by the Linux OS. The lists of devices are linked from the Linux on iSeries web pages at http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/iseries/linux/support.html.
The gulag system according to Russian statistics caused 1,053,829 deaths [1] or maybe 1.6 million. The Nazi death camps alone killed 3.2 million people[2] (in a period of 4-5 years 1941-1945), not to mention the endless number of labour and POW camps where millions perished as well.
On 1 September 1941 mass evacuation was announced for the approximately 440,000 Volga Germans. Ten days later they began their forced deportation to Kazakhstan and Siberia. Many were forced to work in the Trudarmee (labor army) in camps such as Kolyma. The Volga Germans were then stripped of their citizenship and did not regain their civil rights until after Stalinâs death. The Volga Germans were now treated as prisoners and were transported by rail to the camps.