IPS is a screen technology for liquid-crystal displays. It was designed to solve the main limitations of the twisted nematic field effect matrix LCDs which were prevalent in the late 1980s. These limitations included strong viewing angle dependence and low-quality color reproduction. In-plane switching involves arranging and switching the orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal layer between the glass substrates. This is done, essentially, parallel to these glass plates.
The Springwater Trail, part of the 40-Mile Loop, crosses over McLoughlin Boulevard (Oregon Route 99E) near Sellwood. At 2.5% in 2012, Oregon had the highest bicycle commuting mode share of any state (behind only Washington, D.C.) with the cities of Portland, Eugene, Corvallis, and Baker City each reporting bicycle commuting rates in excess of 5%. The 40-Mile Loop is a partially completed greenway trail around and through Portland in the U.S. State of Oregon.
Traveling the Oregon Trail put emigrants in contact with rotting animal remains, poor sanitation and questionable water. Add to this the sheer number of people on the trail and their stops at designated camps. Many were exhausted and perhaps a little underfed, and immune systems likely fell asleep on the job.