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General Answer: An increase in salinity causes a increase in density and conversely, a decrease in salinity causes a decrease in density. The effect is quite linear, though it has a temperature dependence that affects how much the density changes. Specific Answer:
A unique property of water is that its density increases at 4Â°C (39Â°F), just before it hits. freezing temperature. This causes water at this temperature to sink to the bottom of the. pond or lake. When water molecules do freeze, the ice is less dense than the 4Â°C water, causing it to float on the surface. The differences in density start mixing the top and. bottom layers of water. This mixing of the water layers as air temperatures become. colder is called fall turnover (Fig. 1).