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That is, water has a high heat of vaporization, the amount of energy needed to change one gram of a liquid substance to a gas at constant temperature. Waterâs heat of vaporization is around 540 cal/g at 100 Â°C, water's boiling point. Note that some molecules of water â ones that happen to have high kinetic energy â will escape from the surface of the water even at lower temperatures.
Why evaporation occurs. Heat (energy) is necessary for evaporation to occur. Energy is used to break the bonds that hold water molecules together, which is why water easily evaporates at the boiling point (212Â° F, 100Â° C) but evaporates much more slowly at the freezing point.