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That is, water has a high heat of vaporization, the amount of energy needed to change one gram of a liquid substance to a gas at constant temperature. Waterâs heat of vaporization is around 540 cal/g at 100 Â°C, water's boiling point. Note that some molecules of water â ones that happen to have high kinetic energy â will escape from the surface of the water even at lower temperatures.
Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Water boils at 212 degrees F (100 degrees C), but it actually begins to evaporate at 32 degrees F (0 degrees C); it just occurs extremely slowly. As the temperature increases, the rate of evaporation also increases.