Tumor markers are measurable biochemicals that are associated with a malignancy. They are either produced by tumor cells (tumor-derived) or by the body in response to tumor cells (tumor-associated). They are typically substances that are released into the circulation and thus measured in the blood.
â For example, the s subshell ( l = 0) contains only one orbital, and therefore the m l of an electron in an s subshell will always be 0. â The p subshell ( l = 1) contains three orbitals, so the m l of an electron in a p subshell will be -1, 0, or 1. â The d subshell ( l = 2) contains Â±ve orbitals, with m l values of -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2.
An outermost shell has no more than 8 electrons (2 in the s orbital and 6 in the three p orbitals) because after the s and p subshells are full, adding another electron will start filling the s subshell of the next shell farther out, which then becomes the outermost shell. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auf...