One is what the iSeries team refers to as direct and it is like pSeries Linux I/O. The I/O device is assigned specifically to the Linux partition and is fully managed by the Linux OS. The lists of devices are linked from the Linux on iSeries web pages at http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/iseries/linux/support.html.
The gulag system according to Russian statistics caused 1,053,829 deaths [1] or maybe 1.6 million. The Nazi death camps alone killed 3.2 million people[2] (in a period of 4-5 years 1941-1945), not to mention the endless number of labour and POW camps where millions perished as well.
Half a million German Army soldiers died in the (failed) battle of Stalingrad alone, with another 100,000 taken prisoner. But for the USSR, victory came at an even steeper price, as the Soviets lost nearly twice as many soldiers as the Nazis in that battle alone. In all, at least 8.7 million Soviet soldiers died in World War II (Halloran notes that some estimates place the tally as high as 14 million). That number becomes all the more eye-popping when compared to the losses incurred by other countries.