With the establishment of the constitutional regime, the old Militias and OrdenanÃ§as were replaced by a single national militia force, the National Guard. However, the National Guard revealed itself an ineffective and undisciplined force.
The physical effects of domestic violence on children, different than the effects of direct abuse, can start when they are fetus in their mother's womb, can result in low infant birth weights, premature birth, excessive bleeding, and fetal death, due to the mother's physical trauma and emotional stress.
The residual mental, physical and spiritual effects of domestic violence can permeate the daily lives of survivors, which make it difficult to heal. For some, there are severe effects in the immediate aftermath of an assault that may or may not last.