Freight Surcharges. BAF refers to floating part of sea freight charges which represents additions due to oil prices. Usually BAF charges are determined by Carrier Conferences to be applicable for a certain period on a certain trade route. These Carrier Conferences are seen as a cartel for fixing prices.
Heat transfer. Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.
HEAT CONDUCTION. When a temperature gradient exist in a material, heat flows from the high temperature region to the low. temperature region. The heat transfer mechanism is referred to as conduction and the heat transfer rate has been. found to be proportional to the temperature gradient normal to the heat transfer surface. For a 1-dimensional.