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A function of real numbers is also called a step function if it is piecewise constant function involving a finite number of inputs. There are two types of step functions. Greatest Integer function (floor function) - A function f(x) is said to be a floor function which possesses biggest integer that is less than or equal to the input value x Smallest Integer function (ceiling function) - A function f(x) is said to be a ceiling function which is composed of the lowest integer that is either bigger or equal to the input value x A step function is also known as staircase function, since it looks like a staircase.
One really cool thing is that you can nest functions in SAS (as you can in most programming languages). That is, you can compute a function within another function. When you nest functions, SAS works from the inside out. That is, SAS performs the action in the innermost function first. It uses the result of that function as the argument of the next function, and so on.