The holmium laser, which operates in a wavelength of 2.1 microns, is highly absorbed by water and has a shallow penetration depth of approximately 0.4 mm. As a pulsed mode laser, the Holmium reduces deeper thermal effects and charring which are more prevalent in Continues Wave lasers (e.g. Thulium, KTP).
In statistical theory, covariance is a measure of how much two random variables change together. In other words, covariance is a measure of the strength of the correlation between two random variables. Also, it can be considered as a generalization of the concept of variance of two random variables.
Bowel incontinence CCAT1_A Indicator that resident has bowel incontinence on. the prior assessment: Covariate = 1 if H1a = 4. Covariate = 0 if H1a = 0, 1, 2, or 3. Fall in last 30 days CCOG1_B Indicator that resident fell in the past 30 days on. the prior assessment. Covariate = 1 if J4a is checked. Covariate = 0 if J4a is not checked.