Stem Cell Apoptosis and Signal Transduction. Self renewal and proliferation of stem cell populations is controlled, in part, by induction of apoptosis. The number of stem cells is therefore a balance between those lost to differentiation / apoptosis and those gained through proliferation. Apoptosis of stem cells is believed to be a dynamic process which changes in response to environmental conditions. For example, the release of stem cell factor inhibits apoptosis following spinal cord injury, presumably in an attempt to promote tissue repair.
The average cost for an automatic transmission fluid/filter change is between $151 to $209. Labor costs are estimated between $126 to $160 while parts are priced between $25 to $49. Get a personalized estimate based on your location and specific car. Estimate does not include taxes and fees.
Most manufacturers suggest 30,000 to 60,000 miles as the point at which you should change the transmission fluid in a manual transmission. However, vehicles with transmissions that are under âhigh stressâ should change the transmission fluid every 15,000 miles. âHigh stressâ for a manual transmission would be situations such as being driven on lots of short trips where gears are changed more often.