Bladder cancer cannot be prevented, but you may be able to reduce some of your risk for getting it. 1  Stop smoking. Cigarette smokers are much more likely to get bladder cancer than nonsmokers. 2  Avoid exposure to industrial chemicals, such as benzene substances and arylamines.
A crude incidence, prevalence, or mortality (death rate) is one that relates to results for a population taken as a whole, without subdivision or refinement. The crude mortality from lung cancer in men in England and Wales during 1985-89 was 1034/million/year compared with 575/million/year during 1950-54.
Prevalence is often expressed as a percentage, calculated by multiplying the ratio by 100. The above study expresses prevalence as a percentage, thus the prevalence of incontinence is 8.5% (or rounded is 9%). Another common way of expressing prevalence, particularly if the prevalence is low, is as the number of cases per 100,000 of the population. For example, it is easier to state the result as â66 cases per 100,000 peopleâ than to say the prevalence is 0.00066. Le and Boen (1995) provide further examples of the calculation of prevalence.