Reducing Proteins or Peptides with Dithiothreitol (DTT) 1. Make a 1M diothreitol DTT stock solution in water, best to make fresh. (Try not to inhale the DTT.) 2. Add DTT to the protein or peptide solution (which is in a buffer) to a final concentration of 1mM to 10 mM DTT. Incubate for 10 min. to 30 min. The reduction may work slightly better if incubating at higher temperature, such as at 37 degrees C or at 56 degrees C. However, room temperature or ice should work too.
All chocolate is made from the cacao (cocoa) bean, and cacao beans in their natural, unprocessed, unadulterated state are rich in nutrients and beneficial to health. Cacao powder is simply the cacao bean, that through a cold-pressing process, has had the fat (cacao butter) removed.
The word âcocoaâ is a metathesis of Spanish cacao. On the other hand, chocolate is also a product of cacao beans and has undergone almost the same process as cocoa. However, in chocolate, the cocoa butter is not removed. The cocoa butter contributes to the smoother and richer consistency of the chocolate. In addition, the high fat and sugar content of the chocolate is higher. Chocolate also has many variations; raw, unsweetened, dark, sweet, semi-sweet, milk, white, and compound chocolate.