Despite Moltke's disdain for America's military efforts during the Civil War, the U.S. Army can learn. a great deal about how advances in technology can change the nature of war. The conduct of war. changed as a result of three technological advances during the Civil War: the rifled musket, the. electric telegraph, and the railroad.
The idea which emerges from this is that a strong nucleophile can attack directly, without help from an acid catalyst. For a weak nucleophile, an acid catalyst is needed so that the carbonyl carbon is prepared to share a pair of electrons as a new covalent bond.If we look at the mechanism of reaction between an aldehyde and an amine, we see how these factors balance.he idea which emerges from this is that a strong nucleophile can attack directly, without help from an acid catalyst. For a weak nucleophile, an acid catalyst is needed so that the carbonyl carbon is prepared to share a pair of electrons as a new covalent bond.
They are as follows: 1  EC 1 Oxidoreductases: catalyze oxidation/reduction reactions. 2  EC 2 Transferases: transfer a functional group (e.g. a methyl or phosphate group) 3  EC 3 Hydrolases: catalyze the hydrolysis of various bonds.  EC 4 Lyases: cleave various bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation.