Profit is producer surplus, minus fixed costs. In other words, its price minus variable costs. Profit, however, is price minus total cost. Since fixed cost is never negative, profit will always be less.
The atom is about 10-10 meters (or 10-8 centimeters) in size. This means a row of 108 (or 100,000,000) atoms would stretch a centimeter, about the size of your fingernail. Atoms of different elements are different sizes, but 10-10 m can be thought of as a rough value for any atom.
Two small aluminum spheres, each of mass 0.0250kg, are seperated by 80cm or .8m. If the atomic mass of aluminum is 26.982 grams per mole and its atomic number is 13 then how many electrons does each sphere contain? How many electrons would have to be removed form one sphere and added to the other to cause an attractive force of 1.00 X 10^4 N?