Despite Moltke's disdain for America's military efforts during the Civil War, the U.S. Army can learn. a great deal about how advances in technology can change the nature of war. The conduct of war. changed as a result of three technological advances during the Civil War: the rifled musket, the. electric telegraph, and the railroad.
The idea which emerges from this is that a strong nucleophile can attack directly, without help from an acid catalyst. For a weak nucleophile, an acid catalyst is needed so that the carbonyl carbon is prepared to share a pair of electrons as a new covalent bond.If we look at the mechanism of reaction between an aldehyde and an amine, we see how these factors balance.he idea which emerges from this is that a strong nucleophile can attack directly, without help from an acid catalyst. For a weak nucleophile, an acid catalyst is needed so that the carbonyl carbon is prepared to share a pair of electrons as a new covalent bond.
CHEM464/Medh,J.D.1 Catalytic Strategies â¢ Covalent catalysis: temporary covalent modification of reactive group on enzyme active site â¢ Acid-Base catalysis: A molecule other than water is proton donor or acceptor (nucleophilic or electrophilic attack)â¢ Metal ion catalysis: Involvement of metal ion in catalysis. In the presence of a substrate, His accepts a proton from Ser, Ser makes a nucleophilic attack on the peptideâs carbonyl C converting its geometry to tetrahedral. â¢ The oxyanion is stabilized by H-bonds with peptide.