Patients were stratified according to tumor PD-L1 status assessed in a central laboratory by immunohistochemical testing (positive vs. negative or indeterminate), BRAF mutation status (V600 mutation-positive vs. wild-type) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.[Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Swallowing air excessively; Gastroesophageal reflux; Hiatus hernia; Rapid eating; Intense emotions such as fear, anxiety, excitement, joy, or euphoria [citation needed] Carbonated beverages, alcohol, dry breads, and some spicy foods; Opiate drug use; Laughing; Hiccups may be triggered by a number of common human conditions.
Hiccups are repetitive, uncontrollable contractions of the diaphragm muscle. Your diaphragm is the muscle just below your lungs. It marks the boundary between your chest and abdomen. The diaphragm regulates breathing. When your diaphragm contracts, your lungs take in oxygen.When your diaphragm relaxes, your lungs release carbon dioxide. The diaphragm contracting out of rhythm causes hiccups. Each spasm of the diaphragm makes the larynx and vocal cords close suddenly. This results in a sudden rush of air into the lungs.Your body reacts with a gasp or chirp, creating the sound characteristic of hiccups.he diaphragm regulates breathing. When your diaphragm contracts, your lungs take in oxygen. When your diaphragm relaxes, your lungs release carbon dioxide. The diaphragm contracting out of rhythm causes hiccups.