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Genetic code. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. Specifically, the code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences called codons and amino acids; every triplet of nucleotides in a nucleic acid sequence specifies a single amino acid.
Essentially, amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, or enzymes. Each protein has to have a very specific shape in order to work, and this is created by a specific sequence of amino acids. There are 22 amino acids in most living things, and all mammals use the same set.The full collection of amino acids-collect all 22! Because every protein has to have a specific amino acid sequence, it is very important for every cell to have an abundant amount of amino acids.Because of this, a cell has evolved different mechanisms for converting certain amino acids into others.here are 22 amino acids in most living things, and all mammals use the same set. The full collection of amino acids-collect all 22! Because every protein has to have a specific amino acid sequence, it is very important for every cell to have an abundant amount of amino acids.