Patients were stratified according to tumor PD-L1 status assessed in a central laboratory by immunohistochemical testing (positive vs. negative or indeterminate), BRAF mutation status (V600 mutation-positive vs. wild-type) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.[Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Swallowing air excessively; Gastroesophageal reflux; Hiatus hernia; Rapid eating; Intense emotions such as fear, anxiety, excitement, joy, or euphoria [citation needed] Carbonated beverages, alcohol, dry breads, and some spicy foods; Opiate drug use; Laughing; Hiccups may be triggered by a number of common human conditions.
Hiccups may cause patients considerable discomfort, as in this patient. Hiccups may be responsible for aspiration pneumonia, depression, esophagitis, respiratory depression, sleep deprivation, and weight loss. Hiccups occur in 14%-26% of patients with lateral medullary syndrome. The exact anatomic lesion responsible for the hiccups is unknown but appears to be in the medulla.