Direct and Indirect Expenses Defined. Direct expenses are the expenses that a business incurs that are directly associated with a cost object. A cost object is any item for which costs are measured, including products, services, employees, and even entire departments. Indirect expenses are the expenses that a business incurs that are associated with operating the business as a whole and cannot be traced back to a specific cost object.
to hold the new plot. The plot.window()call sets the limits for the x and y coordinates in the graph. The abline()call draws a line with intercept 6 and slope 3 across the graph. axis(1)draws the x-axis. axis(2)draws the y-axis. Calls to title()are used to add annotation. box()draws a box around the graph.
The limit of f (x) as x approaches c is L .. Thus for the limit of a function to exist as the independent variable approaches c, the left-hand and right-hand limits must be equal. if and only if. When we say, then, that a function approaches a limit, we mean that Definition 2.2 has been satisfied.he limit of a function. We say that a function f(x) approaches a limit L as x approaches c if the sequence of values of x, both from the left and from the right, causes the sequence of values of f(x) to satisfy the definition of approaches a limit L: Definition 2.1.