Related words. 1  high technology noun. 2  push technology noun. 3  technology therapy noun. 4  appropriate technology noun. 5  information technology noun. 6  intermediate technology noun. 7  clean technology noun at cleantech.8  blind someone with science/technology phrase. 9  modern technology. 10  the frontiers of knowledge/science/technology.0% of the time, speakers of English use just 7,500 words in speech and writing. These words appear in red, and are graded with stars.
Two receptors, CD4 and a co-receptor act sequentially to trigger fusion of viral and cellular membranes and confer virus entry into cells. For HIV-1, the chemokine receptor CCR5 is the predominant co-receptor exploited for transmission and replication in vivo.
Many different viruses can bind to the same receptor and a single virus can bind different cell surface receptors. While viruses use them to their advantage, cell surface receptors are actually designed to serve the cell. After a virus binds to the surface of the host cell, it can start to move across the outer covering or membrane of the host cell. There are many different modes of entry. HIV, a virus with an envelope, fuses with the membrane and is pushed through. Another enveloped virus, the influenza virus, is engulfed by the cell. Some non-enveloped viruses, such as the polio virus, create a porous channel of entry and burrow through the membrane.