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That is, water has a high heat of vaporization, the amount of energy needed to change one gram of a liquid substance to a gas at constant temperature. Waterâs heat of vaporization is around 540 cal/g at 100 Â°C, water's boiling point. Note that some molecules of water â ones that happen to have high kinetic energy â will escape from the surface of the water even at lower temperatures.
The latent heat of condensation, absorbed when the water evaporated, is released to the atmosphere when the water vapor condenses back into cloud water (or cloud ice). This source of heat helps drive clouds and most other weather systems. For instance, evaporation from the ocean surface is the primary source of energy for hurricanes. Heat is the main cause of evaporation.