f is formatted output. The format specifier is a parameter of the printf function. The parameters of printf can also vary in use hence printf is variadic: printf( %3.2f\n, someNumber ); //prints a float 3 digits wide and 2 decimal places in precision.
As a result, fixed costs are sometimes called period costs. Some fixed costs are incurred at the discretion of a company's management, such as advertising and promotional expense, while others are not. It is important to remember that all non-discretionary fixed costs will be incurred even if production or sales volume falls to zero.
=> Media Planning => Specialists Agency. Outdoor advertising, particularly billboard advertising, has tended to be avoided by smaller companies because of the costs involved. To illustrate this, the cost of advertising on one billboard for a month is anything from Â£500 to Â£1,500 per month. Costs do fall substantially on a per billboard basis for larger campaigns but the overall cost means that only larger brands can afford this form of advertising. For the largest billboards, 96-sheet billboards, the cost per panel can rise to Â£1,000. Advertising on buses and on the London underground are two alternative options to roadside billboard advertising but the costs are similar.