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General Answer: An increase in salinity causes a increase in density and conversely, a decrease in salinity causes a decrease in density. The effect is quite linear, though it has a temperature dependence that affects how much the density changes. Specific Answer:
In addition to all the molecular motions, in liquid water there is a continuous exchange of hydrogens between water molecules-about one exchange per millisecond at a neutral pH of 7.0 and more rapidly when the pH departs from neutrality. Water provides the standard for density at 1 gram/cm 3. While water may seem to be an ordinary liquid, its properties are in many ways unusual. The changes in the properties of water near its freezing point are illustrated below with sketches adapted from Debenedetti and Stanley.