Freight Surcharges. BAF refers to floating part of sea freight charges which represents additions due to oil prices. Usually BAF charges are determined by Carrier Conferences to be applicable for a certain period on a certain trade route. These Carrier Conferences are seen as a cartel for fixing prices.
Heat transfer. Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the generation, use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy (heat) between physical systems. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as thermal conduction, thermal convection, thermal radiation, and transfer of energy by phase changes.
The transfer is characterized by the quantity of energy transferred, which can be specified in energy units such as the joule (J), in combination with the direction of the transfer, which can be specified as in (to) or out of (from) one system or the other.ther constructions include energy transferred as heat, energy transferred by heat, or energy transferred by a process called heating rather than heat. Terminology for mass transfer is less problematic because it can be used in the same ways as the word transfer itself.