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1.The internal and external causes of the fall of the Gupta Empire were related. The main external factor was invasion and instability caused by nomad groups like the Hunas and the Hephthalites (White Huns) from Central Asia.
Though the researchers do not still have a clear cut answer to this question, it is believed that a combination of climate change and tectonic events might have led to the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. Background: The declining phase of the Indus Valley Civilization is also called the Late Harappan Phase.