Cost functions. Both use total, average, variable, and marginal costs; engineers. go into much greater detail than economists. Short-run and long-run cost functions. Economists typically focus on effects of volume and prices. Engineers typically focus on costs and capacity. Duality of production and cost functions.
Most traits are more complicated, such as multi-allele and polygenic traits, which are are regulated by more than one gene coding for more than one protein or enzyme. Multi-allele traits are located on a single gene, but their expression is more nuanced than genes with classic inheritance patterns.
allele. An allele is a variant form of a gene. Some genes have a variety of different forms, which are located at the same position, or genetic locus, on a chromosome. Humans are called diploid organisms because they have two alleles at each genetic locus, with one allele inherited from each parent.Each pair of alleles represents the genotype of a specific gene.hen an organism is heterozygous at a specific locus and carries one dominant and one recessive allele, the organism will express the dominant phenotype. Alleles can also refer to minor DNA sequence variations between alleles that do not necessarily influence the gene's phenotype.