Patients were stratified according to tumor PD-L1 status assessed in a central laboratory by immunohistochemical testing (positive vs. negative or indeterminate), BRAF mutation status (V600 mutation-positive vs. wild-type) and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage.[Level of evidence: 1iiA]
Swallowing air excessively; Gastroesophageal reflux; Hiatus hernia; Rapid eating; Intense emotions such as fear, anxiety, excitement, joy, or euphoria [citation needed] Carbonated beverages, alcohol, dry breads, and some spicy foods; Opiate drug use; Laughing; Hiccups may be triggered by a number of common human conditions.
Hiccups that persist over a period of time may cause exhaustion and weight loss from lack of sleep and the interruption of normal eating patterns. Causes The cause of hiccups often is not known, but some of the triggers sometimes thought to cause them include the following: spicy foods, hot liquids, any disease or illness that irritates the nerves that control the diaphragm.