Stem Cell Apoptosis and Signal Transduction. Self renewal and proliferation of stem cell populations is controlled, in part, by induction of apoptosis. The number of stem cells is therefore a balance between those lost to differentiation / apoptosis and those gained through proliferation. Apoptosis of stem cells is believed to be a dynamic process which changes in response to environmental conditions. For example, the release of stem cell factor inhibits apoptosis following spinal cord injury, presumably in an attempt to promote tissue repair.
The average cost for an automatic transmission fluid/filter change is between $151 to $209. Labor costs are estimated between $126 to $160 while parts are priced between $25 to $49. Get a personalized estimate based on your location and specific car. Estimate does not include taxes and fees.
Your car ownerâs manual will tell you what your transmission requires. How long does transmission fluid last? Transmission fluid does need to be changed from time to time, and the most accurate answer to the question is that the fluid will usually last between 30,000 and 60,000 miles. That said, if your vehicle sustains heavy use, you could have to change the transmission fluid in as few as 15,000 miles.