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The major glands of the endocrine system are the pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, thymus, ovaries, and testes. There are also other organs in the body that have secondary endocrine functions.These organs include the heart, liver, and kidneys. Hormones can be regulated by other hormones, by glands and organs, and by a negative feedback mechanism. In negative feedback, the initial stimulus is reduced by the response it provokes.he major glands of the endocrine system are the pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, thymus, ovaries, and testes. There are also other organs in the body that have secondary endocrine functions.
Hormones are produced by endocrine glands. In humans and many other animals, hormones are either peptide hormones (modified amino acids, peptides, small proteins) or steroid and steroid-like hormones. The endocrine glands are ductless glands and secrete hormones directly into the blood vessels nearby. The hormones are then carried throughout the body and act upon target cells and tissues. The target cells have protein receptors which recognize the hormone and bind it. This interaction of the hormone and its specific receptor occurs either in the cell membrane (amino acid, peptide, or small protein hormone) or in the cell interior (steroid hormones).