One is what the iSeries team refers to as direct and it is like pSeries Linux I/O. The I/O device is assigned specifically to the Linux partition and is fully managed by the Linux OS. The lists of devices are linked from the Linux on iSeries web pages at http://www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/iseries/linux/support.html.
The gulag system according to Russian statistics caused 1,053,829 deaths [1] or maybe 1.6 million. The Nazi death camps alone killed 3.2 million people[2] (in a period of 4-5 years 1941-1945), not to mention the endless number of labour and POW camps where millions perished as well.
Stalin refused to let civilians out of the city during the German advance thus most died as a result of the siege. SS Wilhelm Gustloff. 10,582 civilians fleeing from the Russian advance in East Prussia in 1945 are torpedoed by Russian Sub S-13. 964 were pulled from the water (many later dying due to hypothermia).