Despite Moltke's disdain for America's military efforts during the Civil War, the U.S. Army can learn. a great deal about how advances in technology can change the nature of war. The conduct of war. changed as a result of three technological advances during the Civil War: the rifled musket, the. electric telegraph, and the railroad.
The idea which emerges from this is that a strong nucleophile can attack directly, without help from an acid catalyst. For a weak nucleophile, an acid catalyst is needed so that the carbonyl carbon is prepared to share a pair of electrons as a new covalent bond.If we look at the mechanism of reaction between an aldehyde and an amine, we see how these factors balance.he idea which emerges from this is that a strong nucleophile can attack directly, without help from an acid catalyst. For a weak nucleophile, an acid catalyst is needed so that the carbonyl carbon is prepared to share a pair of electrons as a new covalent bond.
The Mechanism of Reduction Reactions. Two fundamentally different reducing agents have been used to add hydrogen across a double bond. A metal can be used to catalyze the reaction between hydrogen gas and the C=C double bond in an alkene.nce again, the reaction is relatively slow in the absence of an acid or base catalyst. If we bubble HCl gas through the solution, or add a small quantity of concentrated H 2 SO 4, we get an acid-catalyzed reaction that occurs by a mechanism analogous to that described in the previous section.