The kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system. They function chiefly to filter blood in order to remove wastes and excess water. The waste and water are excreted as urine. The kidneys also reabsorb and return to the blood needed substances, including amino acids, sugar, sodium, potassium, and other nutrients.
But many popular brands actually contain considerably less than an old-fashioned cup of black coffee. An 8.4-ounce serving of Red Bull, for instance, has a relatively modest 76 to 80 mg of caffeine, compared to the 95 to 200 mg in a typical cup of coffee, the Mayo Clinic reports.
For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists a 5-ounce cup of brewed coffee as having 60 to 150 milligrams of caffeine, 2 to 5 milligrams for a 5-ounce cup of decaf coffee and 27 to 100 milligrams per 12-ounce servings of soda.