Advantages. 1  Variable wavelength amplification possible. 2  Compatible with installed SM fiber. 3  Can be used to extend EDFAs. 4  Can result in a lower average power over a span, good for lower crosstalk. 5  Very broadband operation may be possible.
Nationalism must be distinguished from patriotism. Patriotism is fundamental to liberty because pride in oneâs nation-state, and a willingness to defend it if necessary, is the basis of national independence. Patriotism is the courage of national self-determination. By contrast, nationalism is patriotism transformed into a sentiment of superiority and aggression toward other countries. Nationalism is the poisonous idea that oneâs country is superior to somebody elseâs. Nationalism is intrinsically a cause of war and imperialism.
Ethno-nationalism is a belief system that affirms a traditional Christian understanding of families, tribes, and nations. Ethno-nationalism holds that nations are defined and rooted in common heredity, and that the foundations of a nation are based on common ancestry, language, culture, religion, and social customs.