HÃ¼rthle cell cancer has the highest incidence of metastasis among the differentiated thyroid cancers. Metastatic disease is reported at the time of initial diagnosis in 10-20% of patients and in 34% of the patients overall.
By Michael Perry, M.D. Foraminal narrowing, or foraminal stenosis, is a condition of the spine that can cause pain and other symptoms resulting from spinal nerve root compression. At every level of the spine, a pair of nerve roots runs through the spinal column via small openings called foramina (singular: foramen).
Arthritis of the facet joints and degenerative disc disease cause foraminal narrowing in affected areas of the spine by bone spur or osteophyte formation, loss of disc height, facet hypertrophy, facet capsule hypertrophy and disc bulging. Foraminal narrowing is treated when it causes pain or radiculopathy.