Cognitive development is Jean Piaget's theory. Through a series of stages, Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period.
The versatility of Bifidobacterium longum as a lactic acid microorganism is reflected in its capacity to resist under harsh conditions such as stomach acid, bile, pH fluctuations, and gastrointestinal passage.
Antibiotics are used to reduce harmful bacteria in the body. Antibiotics can also reduce friendly bacteria in the body. Bifidobacteria are a type of friendly bacteria. Taking antibiotics along with bifidobacteria might reduce the effectiveness of bifidobacteria.