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Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms when rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air react with one another. When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone or calcium carbonate, it can cause it to dissolve over a long period of time. In nature, this reaction leads to the formation of caves.
Lime water is nothing but a solution of Calcium oxide in water. Calcium oxide reacts exothermically with water to form calcium hydroxide. The solution of Calcium Hydroxide is initially clear. However, due to reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide, soluble Calcium Hydroxide gets converted to insoluble calcium carbonate.As a result the solution appears cloudy.Similar result is obtained if carbon dioxide is bubbled for a short time through lime water.owever, due to reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide, soluble Calcium Hydroxide gets converted to insoluble calcium carbonate. As a result the solution appears cloudy. Similar result is obtained if carbon dioxide is bubbled for a short time through lime water.