Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. The stool is often hard and dry. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction.
Primary care doctors, such as internists and family doctors, may treat people who have mild P.A.D. For more advanced P.A.D., a vascular specialist may be involved. This is a doctor who specializes in treating blood vessel diseases and conditions.
Syncope is often related to heart disease, so it is common for people with. syncope to receive medical care from heart specialists. Cardiologists are. physicians who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Electrophysiologists are cardiologists who specialize in the diagnosis and.