The total indirect and direct cost of epilepsy in the United States is estimated to be $15.5 billion yearly. This estimate is based on a reported cost of $12.5 billion in 1995 converted to 2004 dollar value using Bureau of Labor Statistics data. 4.
Many patients with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia complain of physical fatigue, tightness of the neck, back, and shoulder muscles and shortness of breath due to their efforts to phonate through the closed glottis. The severity of the symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia varies within and among individuals.
Dysphonia may also be due to a structural problem with the larynx (cartilage, muscles, cavities) or disorders of the nerves innervating the laryngeal muscles, namely the vagus nerve (CN X) and its branches.In these cases, the problem is longer lasting or even permanent.his causes interruptions in speech, or the voice may appear to be strained. The most common cause of dysphonia is laryngitis and this causes a temporary disturbance in phonation (sound production).