ABNâs should be executed when: 1  Tests(s) are deemed by the NCD policy as not medically necessary. 2  Screening test(s) that are part of a routine examination where the patient shows no signs nor symptoms of disease. 3  Test(s) that exceed the NCC frequency limits.
Under rules governing municipal bonds, callable premium bonds must be priced to the date resulting in the worst (lowest) yield for the investor. Generally this means that the bonds are priced to the first call date. This is attractive to investors because, in the event the bonds are not called, the yield to maturity will be much higher. Furthermore, in a rising rate environment, premium bonds retain their value better than par or discount bonds.
Interest-Rate Risk: The interest rate of most municipal bonds is paid at a fixed rate. The rate does not change over the life of the bond. If interest rates in the marketplace rise, the bond you own will be paying a lower yield relative to the yield offered by newly issued bonds. Tax-Bracket Changes: Municipal bonds generate tax-free income, and therefore pay lower interest rates than taxable bonds.