A REPUTATION EARNED. Part of the reason for the misconception about German engineering is that German automakers did, at one time, earn it. When Consumer Reports started its Long-Term Reliability Tests and Initial Quality Index tests way back in 1972, German brands like Volkswagen and Mercedes-Benz came out on top.
The term hokku continues to be used in its original sense, as the opening verse of a linked poem.
1 Dukkha-dukkha (dukkha as ordinary suffering) - the obvious physical and mental suffering associated with birth, growing old, illness and dying. 2  Vipariá¹Äma-dukkha (dukkha as produced by change) - the anxiety or stress of trying to hold on to things that are constantly changing.n Chinese Buddhism, dukkha is translated as kÇ (è¦ bitterness; hardship; suffering; pain), and this loanword is pronounced ku (è¦) in Japanese Buddhism and ko (è¦) in Korean Buddhism and khá» in Vietnamese Buddhism. The Tibetan (phonetic) is dukngal. In Shan, it is [tukË¥kÊ°aËË¥] and in Burmese, it is [doÊÊkÊ°aÌ°] .