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Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms when rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air react with one another. When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone or calcium carbonate, it can cause it to dissolve over a long period of time. In nature, this reaction leads to the formation of caves.
Limestones formed partly by chemical processes. Calcium carbonate is more soluble in water that contains carbon dioxide than in pure water. When the carbon dioxide is removed for any reason, (Plants remove carbon dioxide by using it in their food.