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Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms when rainwater and carbon dioxide in the air react with one another. When carbonic acid comes into contact with limestone or calcium carbonate, it can cause it to dissolve over a long period of time. In nature, this reaction leads to the formation of caves.
Limestone/Calcite â calcium carbonate [CaCO3] Mostly insoluble in water, but solubility increases in acid conditions. (contains a maximum of 40% Ca). Dolomite â calcium magnesium carbonate [Ca.Mg(CO. 3)2 ] Mostly insoluble in water, but solubility increases in acid. conditions (contains between 2 to 13% Mg).