Customize your hockey pants and protection with hockey suspenders and belts. Practice Apparel: Head to the gym with training shorts, T-shirts, hoodies and sweats, all designed with a stretchable, lightweight fit for your training.
Venous return is affected by several factors including muscle contraction, respiratory activity and gravity. Decreased venous compliance and vena cava compression also influence venous return. Other factors include valve competence, heartbeat, intrapericardial pressure, blood volume and degree of filling systematic circulation.
Stroke volume is intrinsically controlled by preload (the degree to which the ventricles are stretched prior to contracting). An increase in the volume or speed of venous return will increase preload and, through the FrankâStarling law of the heart, will increase stroke volume. Decreased venous return has the opposite effect, causing a reduction in stroke volume.