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Catholic social teaching, like must philosophical reflection, distinguishes three dimensions of basic justice: commutative justice, distributive justice, and social justice. Commutative justice calls for fundamental fairness in all agreements and exchanges between individuals or private social groups.
Contrary to the dominant view, retributive justice cannot ground courtsâ imposition of punishment. Yet, it is a sound and distinct mode of justice that bears on just judgments in court, and an important one at that.It is characterized and distinguished from other forms of justice by the distinct, sound and irreducible grounds for allocation of existing burdens in retributive justice, namely negative desert.ome other fact must ground any claim Anne may have to a quid pro quo for her kindness; this paper assumes that some such fact exists. 65 19 M. Rodgers On Retributive Justice and the x allocated as requital for y (punishment) and that some agent makes requital to D for and in response to y.