The total indirect and direct cost of epilepsy in the United States is estimated to be $15.5 billion yearly. This estimate is based on a reported cost of $12.5 billion in 1995 converted to 2004 dollar value using Bureau of Labor Statistics data. 4.
Many patients with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia complain of physical fatigue, tightness of the neck, back, and shoulder muscles and shortness of breath due to their efforts to phonate through the closed glottis. The severity of the symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia varies within and among individuals.
spasmodic dysphonia, which can cause your voice to be hoarse, airy, and tight; vocal disturbances, changes in the sound and ease of your speech causes by any factor that changes the function or shape of your vocal cords ; Causes of adult speech impairment . Different types of speech impairment are caused by different things. For example, you may develop a speech impairment as a result of: a stroke