Current testing requirements for high temperature alloys are defined in general industry specifications (ASTM, AMS), as well as in user specifications. Many of these requirements were established in the 1960's when production practices were yet to be refined.
cowling - protective covering consisting of a metal part that covers the engine; there are powerful engines under the hoods of new cars; the mechanic removed the cowling in order to repair the plane's engine.
Engine displacement is the volume swept by all the pistons inside the cylinders of a reciprocating engine in a single movement from top dead centre (TDC) to bottom dead centre (BDC). It is commonly specified in cubic centimetres (cc or cm3), litres (l), or (mainly in North America) cubic inches (CID).n the United States, the cubic inch was the commonly used unit of measurement until the 1980s by the manufacturers to express the displacement of engines for cars, trucks, etc. (e.g., the 426 in 426 Hemi refers to 426 cubic inches displaced).