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1.Blood volume: immediately after birth averages about 300ml. (75mL additional blood from umbilical cord â if itâs still attached) But the fluid is lost into the neonateâs tissue spaces again - 300mL maintained. 2.Cardiac Output: in average 500ml/min.
During the birth process, spontaneous lacerations can occur. These lacerations can happen from the cervix all the way down to the introitus (vaginal opening) as the baby's head passes through. In a vaginal delivery, the cervix must dilate to at least 10 cm for successful delivery without any complications or lacerations.