The total indirect and direct cost of epilepsy in the United States is estimated to be $15.5 billion yearly. This estimate is based on a reported cost of $12.5 billion in 1995 converted to 2004 dollar value using Bureau of Labor Statistics data. 4.
Many patients with adductor type spasmodic dysphonia complain of physical fatigue, tightness of the neck, back, and shoulder muscles and shortness of breath due to their efforts to phonate through the closed glottis. The severity of the symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia varies within and among individuals.
In the early stages of the disease, many patients find that singing is easier than talking. There are two types of spasmodic dysphonia (SD). The more common is adductor SD; here the vocal cords squeeze together too much, making it difficult for a person to âget words outâ and causing a strained voice.