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Pleural fluid analysis is a test that examines a sample of fluid that has collected in the pleural space. This is the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest. When fluid collects in the pleural space, the condition is called pleural effusion.
The pleura creates too much fluid when itâs irritated or infected. This fluid accumulates in the chest cavity outside the lung, causing whatâs known as a pleural effusion. Certain types of cancer can cause pleural effusions. Lung and breast cancer are the most common causes.