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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
thing we are and everything we do. soma The cell body of a neuron that. contains the nucleus of the cell and car-. ries out the cellâs metabolic functions. axon The tubelike part of a neuron. which carries messages away from the. cell body toward other neurons.