Note that this is the maximum possible kinetic energy because W is the minimum energy necessary to liberate an electron. The threshold frequency, the minimum frequency the photons can have to produce the emission of electrons, is when the photon energy is just equal to the work function: The Compton effect Although photons have no mass, they do have momentum, given by:
Conclusion: The most reliable cars. While these two surveys may vary, it is evident that cars made by Toyota (including Toyota, Lexus and Scion, have a generally impressive record on reliability, so are a good place to start if you are looking for a reliable car. In terms of American-made cars, Buick comes out top.
New VW Beetle Reliability? Looking at the December issue of Consumer Reports the other day, and there's an article on the most reliable and least reliable cars. What's surprising to me is the new VW Beetle ratings (not the old air cooled version, the new water cooled one). It seems to appear far, far down on the CR reliability list. But other VW's, like the Golf and Jetta, those cars pull respectable rankings.