Melasma Causes. Melasma is usually caused by the sun, hormones in birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, medications and pregnancy. When Melasma is caused by pregnancy it is called chloasma. In some women, when the skin is exposed to sunlight, brown blotches of excess pigment form due to the interaction with hormones or chemicals. Melasma is believed to be hereditary and woman with darker skin tones tend to be more at risk for this disorder.
Some research suggests that the hippocampus may participate only in consolidation processes lasting a few years. The entorhinal cortex, on the other hand, gives evidence of temporally graded changes extending up to 20 years, suggesting that it is this region that participates in memory consolidation over decades. The entorhinal cortex is damaged in the early stages of Alzheimerâs disease.
Chunking, at its simplest, is the organization of information into specific associated groupings. Graybiel hypothesizes that the basal ganglia system helps the cortex to chunk learning into habits and routines to help the brain more quickly access stored information.raybiel and colleagues also found a group of nerve cells in the striatum that are not firing in the same way as the others.hunking, at its simplest, is the organization of information into specific associated groupings. Graybiel hypothesizes that the basal ganglia system helps the cortex to chunk learning into habits and routines to help the brain more quickly access stored information.