Definition. 1  Troponins are specific proteins found in heart muscle. Troponin testing is done to diagnose heart attacks (myocardial infarctions). 2  When heart muscle is damaged, as in a myocardial infarction (MI), troponins leak out of cells and into the bloodstream.
Variable Ratio Schedule (VR) This is going to be a little confusing at first, but hang on and it will become clear. A variable ratio schedule (VR) is a type of operant conditioning reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is given after an unpredictable (variable) number of responses are made by the organism. This is almost identical to a Fixed-Ratio Schedule but the reinforcements are given on a variable or changing schedule.
California divides its CDS into six âschedules.â. 1  Schedule I drugs (such as opiates or marijuana). 2  Schedule II drugs (such as raw opium and morphine). 3  Schedule III drugs (such as pentobarbital and anabolic steroids). 4  Schedule IV drugs (such as diazepam and zolpidem).  Schedule V drugs (such as low doses of codeine).