With increasing age, the kidney atrophy shifts the renal parenchyma pyelon index to 1:2:1. Renal Ultrasound Anatomy The kidney is a bean-shaped organ, which has usually a smooth convex lateral organ boundary.
Bipolar disorder may result from a chemical imbalance within the brain. The brain's functions are controlled by chemicals called neurotransmitters. An imbalance in the levels of one of these neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine, may cause bipolar disorder. When levels of this chemical are too high, mania occurs.
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is not known. We do know that it is a brain-based medical illness and that certain structures of the brain related to emotions, behavior, and thinking are affected. Bipolar disorder may be related to an imbalance in certain chemicals in the brain, called neurotransmitters.