The genus Listeria contains six species, two of which are pathogenic: Listeria monocytogenes, the food-borne human pathogen responsible for listeriosis, on which this chapter is focused, and L. ivanovii, an animal pathogen.. Phages of Listeria monocytogenes are, with a few exceptions, specific with respect to the serogroup of the host cells. The major serogroups (1/2 and 4) can be differentiated on the basis of somatic antigen composition and sugar substitution of cell wall teichoic acids (TAs) (. ).
Eyelid swelling has many causes (see Table: Some Causes and Features of Eyelid Swelling). It usually results from an eyelid disorder but may result from disorders in and around the eye socket (orbit) or from disorders elsewhere in the body that cause widespread swelling. Common causes.
Excess skin on the lower eyelid causes wrinkles and bulges. On the upper eyelids, an extra fold of skin can hang over the eyelashes and get in the way of seeing. The fat that cushions the eyeball from the skull can also cause bulges in the upper and lower eyelids.