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Neurons have three main parts: 1  Cell body or Soma: it is the main part of the cell, the one that makes all metabolism and functions. It is very similar to other body cells, except for the difference that neurons do not replicate.  Axon: it is the longest and most important part of the neuron, it transmit the impulse.
1 A neuron has 4 basic parts: the dendrites, the cell body (also called the soma), the axon and the axon terminal. 2  Dendrites-Extensions from the neuron cell body that take information to the cell body. 3  Dendrites usually branch close to the cell body.4  Cell body (soma) - the part of the cell that contains the nucleus. Introduction: The brain is made up of about 100 billion nerve cells (also called neurons). 2  A neuron has 4 basic parts: the dendrites, the cell body (also called the soma), the axon and the axon terminal.