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The innervation is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve, a branch of the sacral plexus (L4-S2). Numerous vessels and nerves run under the gluteus maximus muscle, including the sciatic nerve, the pudendal nerve and the superior gluteal vessels.
The gluteus maximus is a tensor of the fascia lata, and by its connection with the iliotibial band steadies the femur on the articular surfaces of the tibia during standing, when the extensor muscles are relaxed.The lower part of the muscle also acts as an adductor and external rotator of the limb.he gluteus maximus is involved in a number of sports, from running to weight-lifting. A number of exercises focus on the gluteus maximus as well as other muscles of the upper leg.