With increasing age, the kidney atrophy shifts the renal parenchyma pyelon index to 1:2:1. Renal Ultrasound Anatomy The kidney is a bean-shaped organ, which has usually a smooth convex lateral organ boundary.
Bipolar disorder may result from a chemical imbalance within the brain. The brain's functions are controlled by chemicals called neurotransmitters. An imbalance in the levels of one of these neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine, may cause bipolar disorder. When levels of this chemical are too high, mania occurs.
1 Bipolar II involves less severe manic episodes than bipolar I; however, their depressive episodes are the same. 2  Cyclothymia is a chronic but milder form of bipolar disorder, characterized by episodes of hypomania and depression that last for at least two years.here is no single cause for bipolar disorder. Indeed, like all psychological disorders, bipolar disorder is a complex condition with multiple contributing factors, including: 1  Genetic: Bipolar disorder tends to run in families, so researchers believe there is a genetic predisposition for the disorder.