Although imaging evidence of venous obstruction may be present in approximately 25% of patients, symptoms are reported in only 1â3% of cases. Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a rare presentation of central venous obstruction in patients with CIED. We report on the use of a combined approach of percutaneous laser lead extraction followed by venoplasty as a method for treating this problem.
Nursing diagnosis. A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment.
defensive coping a nursing diagnosis accepted by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, defined as the state in which an individual has a repeated projection of falsely positive self-evaluation based on a self-protective pattern that defends against underlying perceived threats to positive self-regard.