So you can tweak the positional difference between the placeholder text and value simply by tweaking the padding or line-height using that pseudo-element selector: input[type=text] { padding:4px; } input[type=text]::-webkit-input-placeholder { padding-top:5px; } Or whatever.
Identifying and describing action-reaction force pairs is a simple matter of identifying the two interacting objects and making two statements describing who is pushing on whom and in what direction. For example, consider the interaction between a baseball bat and a baseball.
Every single kicking is related to Newton's 2nd law. I'll give some idea of the law first. When you kick on the ball, you put some force on it. Since there is an external force on it it gets an acceleration. Then it moves. But when the ball moves, the resitance force makes its acceleration lesser and lesser, and then the ball gets slower. So, if you want to hit the ball far away, you have to kick harder and put more force on it.