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The innervation is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve, a branch of the sacral plexus (L4-S2). Numerous vessels and nerves run under the gluteus maximus muscle, including the sciatic nerve, the pudendal nerve and the superior gluteal vessels.
The dorsal root contains afferent (sensory) fibers that transmit information to the spinal cord from the sensory receptors. The ventral root contains efferent (motor) fibers that carry messages from the spinal cord to the effectors. Cell bodies of the efferent fibers reside in the spinal cord gray matter. These roots become nerves that innervate (transmit nerve impulses to) muscles and organs throughout the body.