Although imaging evidence of venous obstruction may be present in approximately 25% of patients, symptoms are reported in only 1â3% of cases. Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a rare presentation of central venous obstruction in patients with CIED. We report on the use of a combined approach of percutaneous laser lead extraction followed by venoplasty as a method for treating this problem.
Nursing diagnosis. A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment.
The International Council of Nurses (2010) defined nursing as âincluding the. promotion of health, the prevention of illness and the care of ill, disabled and dying. peopleâ (para 1). Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation.