Although imaging evidence of venous obstruction may be present in approximately 25% of patients, symptoms are reported in only 1â3% of cases. Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a rare presentation of central venous obstruction in patients with CIED. We report on the use of a combined approach of percutaneous laser lead extraction followed by venoplasty as a method for treating this problem.
Nursing diagnosis. A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgement about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment.
What is the ANA's definitions of Nursing: o 1973: Nursing practice is direct, goal oriented, and adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family, and community during health and illness.. o 1980: nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems..