With increasing age, the kidney atrophy shifts the renal parenchyma pyelon index to 1:2:1. Renal Ultrasound Anatomy The kidney is a bean-shaped organ, which has usually a smooth convex lateral organ boundary.
Bipolar disorder may result from a chemical imbalance within the brain. The brain's functions are controlled by chemicals called neurotransmitters. An imbalance in the levels of one of these neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine, may cause bipolar disorder. When levels of this chemical are too high, mania occurs.
What causes bipolar disorder may also be involved in schizoaffective disorder. Researchers have been investigating whether common biologic factors are involved in the cause of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, schizoaffective and manic syndromes, as schizophrenic and bipolar disorder are similar in many respects.