Nomenclature of Some Special Cations. I. Cations that do not require Roman numerals: Previously you had learned that elements in Groups IA and IIA, and aluminum form cations of a. fixed charge. You are now going to add on to this list, a few more ions in the transition metals that. also do not require a fixed charge because they generally form only ions with charges as shown. below:
Take an example, if a recipe calls for 350 grams of plain flour, then you refer to a conversion table saying it's about 2.5 cups.
At King Arthur Flour, we've held a long debate about what a cup of flour weighs. In the past, for simplicity's sake, we called it 4 ounces. You can, in fact, create a 4-ounce cup of flour by sifting the flour first. The sifting process incorporates a lot of air into the flour, which is the first source of leavening. Scooping flour, which can produce a much heavier cup (up to 5 1/2 ounces plus), will obviously contain less air and more flour.