The presence of capsules increase the pathogenicity of the bacteria. The value of a capsule to a bacterium helps the bacteria adhere to the surfaces and resist flushing.
Freebase(0.00 / 0 votes)Rate this definition: Bootstrapping or booting refers to a group of metaphors which refer to a self-sustaining process that proceeds without external help. The phrase appears to have originated in the early 19th century United States, to mean an absurdly impossible action, an adynaton. Dr. Douglas Engelbart used the term centrally in his work from 1970 to 2010, referring to the process used by lumberjacks to hoist themselves up trees using a strap wrapped around the tree.
Cramming (education) A young boy does some last minute cramming while walking to school with his sister. In education, cramming (also known as mugging or swotting, from swot, akin to sweat, meaning to study with determination) is the practice of working intensively to absorb large volumes of informational material in short amounts of time.