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DNA and Genes. Genes are the blueprints of life. Genes control everything from hair color to blood sugar by telling cells which proteins to make, how much, when, and where. Genes exist in most cells. Inside a cell is a long strand of the chemical DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). A DNA sequence is a specific lineup of chemical base pairs along its strand. The part of DNA that determines what protein to produce and when, is called a gene.
1 DNA and proteins are key molecules of the cell nucleus. 2  One gene makes one protein. 3  A gene is made of DNA.  Bacteria and viruses have DNA too.