Growth factors and cytotoxic factors also regulate inflammatory response. These cytokines and other chemicals recruit immune cells to the site of infection and promote healing of damaged tissue following the removal of pathogens. NFkB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection.
Stomata facilitate the exchange of gases in the leaf. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) diffuses into the leaf through the stomata for use in photosynthesis, and oxygen (O 2 ), the waste product of photosynthesis, diffuses out of the leaf through stomata. Stomata are also crucial for water transport through the xylem .
1 - Primary organs in adult vertebrates are external & internal gills, swim bladders or lungs, skin, & the buccopharyngeal mucosa. 2 - Less common respiratory devices include filamentous outgrowths of the posterior trunk & thigh (African hairy frog), lining of the cloaca, & lining of esophagus. Respiratory organs: