English modal verbs - Deduction. 1  In English, modal verbs as must, have to, have got to, canât and couldn't are used to express deduction and contention. 2  You're shiveringâyou must be cold. 3  Someone must have taken the key: it is not here. 4  I didn't order ten books. This has to be a mistake. 5  These aren't mineâthey've got to be yours.
Extenuating Circumstances. Facts surrounding the commission of a crime that work to mitigate or lessen it. Extenuating circumstances render a crime less evil or reprehensible. They do not lower the degree of an offense, although they might reduce the punishment imposed.
Special Circumstances. Special Circumstances. In criminal cases, particularly homicides, actions of the accused or the situation under which the crime was committed for which state statutes allow or require imposition of a more severe punishment. Special circumstances in murder cases may well result in the imposition of the death penalty (in states with capital punishment).