Analog Input. In this example we use a variable resistor (a potentiometer or a photoresistor), we read its value using one analog input of an Arduino or Genuino board and we change the blink rate of the built-in LED accordingly. The resistor's analog value is read as a voltage because this is how the analog inputs work.
For the Haigis formula, the a0 constant moves the power prediction curve up, or down, in much the same way that the SRK/T A-constant. The a1 constant is tied to the measured anterior chamber depth and the a2 constant is tied to the measured axial length.
Euler's formula states that, for any real number x: where e is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the imaginary unit, and cos and sin are the trigonometric functions cosine and sine respectively, with the argument x given in radians. This complex exponential function is sometimes denoted cis(x) (cosine plus i sine). The formula is still valid if x is a complex number, and so some authors refer to the more general complex version as Euler's formula. Euler's formula is ubiquitous in mathematics, physics, and engineering.