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There are three main shapes of bacteria: bacillus, coccus, and spiral. Bacillus, or rod shaped bacteria, are one of the main forms, and are typically 0.5 micrometers to 1.0 micrometer in width, and from 1.0 micrometer to 4.0 micrometers in length. Examples of bacilli include Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax, and the well known E. coli.
Arrangement of Cells. Different species of cocci and bacilli also arrange themselves into groups characteristic to the specific bacteria. A bacteria that lives as one cell all alone is called a single cell. Some bacteria remain grouped together after cell division. A bacteria that lives in pairs has a diplo arrangement, with 'di-' meaning 'two.' So Diplococcus is a cocci bacteria that is found in pairs. A group of four cells forming a flat square is called a tetrad.