In 2007, 296 million metric tons of iron ore were pulled from the mine. The mine is estimated to contain about 18 billion tons of iron ore, plus gold, manganese, copper, and nickel. The Carajas CarajÃ¡s mine sits in The carajas carajÃ¡s (Mountain range Serra) dos carajas CarajÃ¡s. in northeastern brazil
First, it think the phrase should be the net effect. Mixing up affect and effect  is a common error for both learners and native speakers of English. the net effect = the result in light of an important variable.
Rebound effect (conservation) In conservation and energy economics, the rebound effect (or take-back effect, RE) is the reduction in expected gains from new technologies that increase the efficiency of resource use, because of behavioral or other systemic responses. These responses usually tend to offset the beneficial effects of the new technology or other measures taken.