Etymology: L, crena, notch. the formation of notches or leaflike scalloped edges on an object. Red blood cells exposed to a hypertonic saline solution acquire a notched, shriveled surface as a result of the osmotic effect of the solution. They are then called crenated red blood cells. crenate, crenated, adj.
Occipital neuralgia is the neck/head pain that results from injury or irritation to the occipital nerves. It can be caused by trauma, such as a car accident, by a pinched nerve root in the neck (from arthritis, for example) or by âtightâ muscles at the back of the head that entrap the nerves.
Some of the causes of esophageal dysphagia include: 1  Achalasia. 2  Diffuse spasm. 3  Esophageal stricture. 4  Esophageal tumors. 5  Foreign bodies. 6  Esophageal ring. 7  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). 8  Eosinophilic esophagitis. 9  Scleroderma. 10  Radiation therapy.auses of oropharyngeal dysphagia include: 1  Neurological disorders. 2  Certain disorders â such as multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy and Parkinson's disease â can cause dysphagia.