Growth factors and cytotoxic factors also regulate inflammatory response. These cytokines and other chemicals recruit immune cells to the site of infection and promote healing of damaged tissue following the removal of pathogens. NFkB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection.
Stomata facilitate the exchange of gases in the leaf. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) diffuses into the leaf through the stomata for use in photosynthesis, and oxygen (O 2 ), the waste product of photosynthesis, diffuses out of the leaf through stomata. Stomata are also crucial for water transport through the xylem .
There are six distinct sensory organs in the mammalian inner ear: the three cristae of the semicircular canals, the two maculae of the saccule and utricle, and the organ of Corti of the cochlea (Fig. 1).The cristae and the maculae are vestibular organs that respond to angular and linear acceleration, respectively. boundary model has been proposed to account for how the different sensory organs of the inner ear are specified 12. This model postulates that the different sensory organs of the inner ear form at, or in proximity to, the boundaries between a small number of different compartments.