Abstract. 1  Our knowledge of the structure and function of alkaline phosphatases has increased greatly in recent years. The crystal structure of the human placental isozyme has enabled us to probe salient features of the mammalian enzymes that differ from those of the bacterial enzymes. The availability of knockout mice deficient in each of the murine alkaline phosphatase isozymes has also given deep insights into their in vivo role. This has been particularly true for probing the biological role of bone alkaline phosphatase during skeletal mineralization. Due to space constraints this mini-review focuses exclusively on structural and functional features of mammalian alkaline phosphatases as identified by crystallography and probed by site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis.
Calculate Social Security tax. The tax rate for Social Security is 12.40 percent of gross earnings, of which the employee pays half, or 6.20 percent. Multiply gross earnings by 6.20 percent to find the Social Security tax to be deducted from the employee's pay. Find the amount of Medicare tax.
The program is financed by worker payroll deductions. Starting January 1, 2014, each worker contributes .001% of the taxable wage base. For 2014, the taxable wage base is $31,500, and the maximum yearly deduction for Family Leave Insurance is $31.50. The taxable wage base changes each year.