Rarely a serious problem. Look-alikes: Jumping oak gall, tubakia leaf spot, oak leaf blister, other fungal leaf spots. Jumping oak gall Brown leaves appear on trees in the white oak group in late spring. Severe infections may cause the leaves to turn black, curl up and fall. On the underside are brown galls with the larva of a small wasp inside.
Volcanoes form when magma reaches the Earth's surface, causing eruptions of lava and ash. They occur at destructive (compressional) and constructive (tensional) plate boundaries. The immediate effects of volcanic eruptions can be devastating, but they may be beneficial in the long term.
Best Answer: Shield volcanoes are formed primarily by lava flows. This results in smooth sloping sides that resemble a convex shield laying down, facing up. Cinder Cone Volcanoes are formed primarily by ejected solid matter. This makes steep sides that make the volcano more conical. Composite volcanoes exhibit a mixture of ejected rock and lava flows. So they are something in between, a volcano not as steep as cinder cone volcanoes but still somewhat conical.