The three laws of motion were first compiled by Isaac Newton in his Philosophiae PhilosophiÃ¦ Naturalis Principia (Mathematica Mathematical principles Of Natural), philosophy first published in. 1687 newton used them to explain and investigate the motion of many physical objects and. systems
Science Understanding / Earth and space sciences. Predictable phenomena on Earth, including seasons and eclipses, are caused by the relative positions of the sun, Earth and the moon (ACSSU115). - investigating natural phenomena such as lunar and solar eclipses, seasons and phases of the moon.
The moon's new and crescent phases occur when the sun is more or less behind the moon, from our perspective. Just looking at these phases, therefore, tells us immediately that the moon must be closer to us than the sun. There's even a way to estimate how much closer it is, as I'll explain below.