Because this chapter is focused on the applications of integrals it is assumed in all the examples that you are capable of doing the integrals. There will not be as much detail in the integration process in the examples in this chapter as there was in the examples in the previous chapter.
freezing point. noun. Abbr. fp. The temperature at which a liquid of specified composition solidifies under a fixed pressure, usually standard pressure. The temperature at any fixed pressure at which the liquid and solid phases of a substance of specified composition are in equilibrium.
Freezing water is an example of a phase transition -- a change in the physical properties of a substance when the temperature or pressure are changed. Phase transitions are often accompanied by either the absorption or release of thermal energy.: The big energy change when water freezes is in the potential energy of interactions between the water molecules. In the ice, the molecules arrange to touch in a way that lowers this energy.