Graphene is an allotrope (form) of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in an hexagonal lattice. It is the basic structural element of many other allotropes of carbon, such as graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes.
In cases where surgery and radiation are combined, proton therapy is an ideal part of brain cancer treatment. Different brain tumors require different doses of radiation for control and eradication. Like any other organ in the body, the brain can only tolerate a limited amount of radiation.
Loma Linda University Medical Center, located next door to the Children's Hospital, can offer proton radiation treatment on site. Proton radiation is so precise that doctors can target the radiation directly at the diseased site with almost no damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.