Kidney failure can occur as a result of hypercalcemia and then compound the problem as a further cause of imbalance. Disturbances in nerve conductivity and cardiac muscle contractions can ultimately cause neurologic tremors or seizures, weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias. If the levels remain significantly elevated, calcium can be deposited in any soft tissue or organ system in the body. Left untreated, hypercalcemia can be fatal.
Use proportional control valves to reduce shock and give a finer degree of control to circuits that do not require extreme position accuracy, or repeatable speed and force. Proportional valves restrict flow to and from an actuator. They work best with a pressure-compensated pump in a closed-center circuit.
The disadvantage of the four-stroke Atkinson-cycle engine versus the more common Otto-cycle engine is reduced power density. Due to a smaller portion of the compression stroke being devoted to compressing the intake air, an Atkinson-cycle engine does not take in as much air as would a similarly designed and sized Otto-cycle engine. Four-stroke engines of this type that use the same type of intake valve motion but with a turbocharger to make up for the loss of power density are known as Miller-cycle engines.