Osteoarthritis involves the entire joint, including the nearby muscles, underlying bone, ligaments, joint lining (synovium), and the joint cover (capsule). 1  Osteoarthritis also involves progressive loss of cartilage.
This allows the daughter and parent cells to have an equal amount of genetic material. The last stage is telophase, and this is where cytokinesis in animals takes place. When an animal cell begins to divide, it is attributed to a structure called a contractile ring. The contractile ring tightens tighter and tighter by a protein called myosin and eventually makes a burrow called a cleavage burrow..
Class II MHC proteins are present in the plasma membrane only ANSWER: during infections. when cytotoxic T cells are inhibited. when NK cells are activated. in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes. when plasma cells are releasing antibodies. D.