Graphene is an allotrope (form) of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in an hexagonal lattice. It is the basic structural element of many other allotropes of carbon, such as graphite, charcoal, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes.
In cases where surgery and radiation are combined, proton therapy is an ideal part of brain cancer treatment. Different brain tumors require different doses of radiation for control and eradication. Like any other organ in the body, the brain can only tolerate a limited amount of radiation.
Children with cancer, patients with head and neck cancers, patients with cancer of the pancreas, breast and lung benefit from proton therapy in similar ways. A natural phenomenon in the way that protons move and release their energy - called the Bragg peak - is what makes proton radiation useful for cancer treatment.