Esophageal varices are swollen veins in the lining of the lower esophagus near the stomach. Gastric varices are swollen veins in the lining of the stomach. Swollen veins in the esophagus or stomach resemble the varicose veins that some people have in their legs. Because the veins in the esophagus are so close to the surface of the esophagus, swollen veins in this location can rupture and cause dangerous bleeding. Esophageal varices almost always occur in people who have cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis causes scarring of the liver, which slows the flow of blood through the liver. Scarring causes blood to back up in the portal vein, the main vein that delivers blood from the stomach and intestines to the liver.
General strain theory is a theory of criminology developed by Robert Agnew. Robert Agnew's General Strain Theory is considered to be a solid theory, and has accumulated a significant amount of empirical evidence, and has also expanded its primary scope by offering explanations of phenomena outside of criminal behavior.
Strain = A change in shape or volume in response to a stress. Stress is the cause, strain is the effect! There are three types of stress: 1) Compressive stress  Forces that squeeze or push toward one another from opposite directions (cause shortening or flattening). 2) Tensional stress  Forces that pull away from one another in opposite directions (cause stretching or extension). 3) Shear stress  Forces that are offset from one another and operate in opposite directions (cause a shear strain). The behavior of rock during stress depends on: 1) The type of rock. 2) The type and amount of stress.