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Respiratory acidosis occurs when the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pa CO2) is elevated above the normal range (>44 mm Hg) leading to a blood pH lower than 7.35.By definition, the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis requires measurement of Pa CO2 and pH. When the diagnosis is made, the underlying cause should be thoroughly investigated.
This condition results when the buffer base (bicarbonate ions) is greater than normal and the concentration of hydrogen ions are decreased. Both acidosis and alkalosis can be of two different types: respiratory and metabolic. Respiratory acidosis or alkalosis is caused by various malfunctions of the lungs. Metabolic acidosis or alkalosis is caused by various metabolic disorders which result in an excessive build up or loss of acids or bases.