There are two types of kefir: water kefir and milk kefir. Both kefir grains contain live microorganisms and are sustainable and economical. With little care, these grains can be recycled over and over again.
Since coenzyme A is, in chemical terms, a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria.A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA.oenzyme A is also the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
The nicotinamide coenzymes are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP +). Both are derived from the vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid) (Fig. 7.7), the deficiency of which causes the disease pellagra. Niacin is present in many cereals, meat, and legumes.e will use this chapter to introduce all of the vitamins and coenzymes. In a few cases--NAD + , FAD, coenzyme A--the mechanisms of action will be covered. For the remainder of the water-soluble vitamins, discussion of function will be delayed until we encounter them in metabolism.