L. quaque die, every day. Most experts in the prevention of health care errors recommend that the abbreviation q.d. be written out as âdailyâ in order to prevent communication errors. q.d may be confused with q.i.d (four times a day), a mistake that could result in an unintentional overdose.
Filtration is the mass movement of water and solutes from plasma to the renal tubule that occurs in the renal corpuscle. About 20% of the plasma volume passing through the glomerulus at any given time is filtered. This means that about 180 liters of fluid are filtered by the kidneys every day. Thus, the entire plasma volume (about 3 liters) is filtered 60 times a day! Filtration is primarily driven by hydraulic pressure (blood pressure) in the capillaries of the glomerulus. Note that the kidneys filter much more fluid than the amount of urine that is actually excreted (about 1.5 liters per day).
Damaged filtration membrane, glomerulus keeps protein out of urine. The kidneys are efficient at balancing the blood pH. It is critical that blood acidity remain constant. If excess hydrogen ions are present in the blood and increase blood acidity, the kidneys secrete the hydrogen ions.