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Auschwitz was the largest camp established by the Germans. It was a complex of camps, including a concentration, extermination, and forced-labor camp. It was located at the town of Oswiecim near the prewar German-Polish border in Eastern Upper Silesia, an area annexed to Germany in 1939. Auschwitz I was the main camp and the first camp established at Oswiecim. Auschwitz II (Birkenau) was the killing center at Auschwitz. Trains arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau almost daily with transports of Jews from virtually every German-occupied country of Europe. Auschwitz III, also called Buna or Monowitz, was established in Monowice to provide forced laborers for nearby factories, including the I.G. Farben works.
BeÅÅ¼ec (. [ËbÉuÌ¯ÊÉtÍ¡s] , in German: Belzec) was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps created for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, a key part of the  Final Solution  which entailed the murder of some 6 million Jews during the Holocaust.