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Location. The majority of parathyroid adenomas are juxtathyroid and located immediately posterior or inferior to the thyroid gland. Superior gland parathyroid adenoma may fall posteriorly in the tracheo-oesophageal groove or para-oesophageal location or even fall inferior as far as the mediastinum 12.Up to 5% of parathyroid adenomas can occur in ectopic locations. Common ectopic locations include 1,12 1  : mediastinum.uperior gland parathyroid adenoma may fall posteriorly in the tracheo-oesophageal groove or para-oesophageal location or even fall inferior as far as the mediastinum 12. Up to 5% of parathyroid adenomas can occur in ectopic locations. Common ectopic locations include 1,12 :
Similarly, occasionally one or more parathyroid glands may be located outside the thyroid, either in the neck, mediastinum (under the breast bone), or lungs, but these situations are uncommon. When the parathyroid glands function normally, blood calcium is controlled within a narrow physiological range. Inappropriate secretion of parathyroid hormone from one or more parathyroid glands may lead to an increase in blood calcium, and the condition known as hyperparathyroidism.