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Rainfall also affects soil pH. Water passing through the soil leaches basic nutrients such as calcium and magnesium from the soil. They are replaced by acidic elements such as aluminum and iron. For this reason, soils formed under high rainfall conditions are more acidic than those formed under arid (dry) conditions.
All soils can be classified as acid, neutral, or alkaline. The degree of acidity or alkalinity of a soil can be described by a pH value. pH values range from 0 to 14. Any value below 7.0 is considered acid, a value of 7.0 is neutral, and a pH above 7 is alkaline. Thus, a soil with a pH of 5.8 is acidic, whereas a soil with a pH of 7.9 is alkaline.