In a retrospective review of midsagittal T1-weighted brain MRI studies of 20 patients with Joubert syndrome ranging in age from 18 days to 23 years, Spampinato et al. (2008) found absence of decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles in all 6 patients over 30 months of age.
Orthopedics, sports medicine. ICD-10. [edit on Wikidata] Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a syndrome characterized by knee pain ranging from severe to mild discomfort seemingly originating from the contact of the posterior surface of the patella (back of the kneecap) with the femur (thigh bone).
What Causes Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome? While the exact cause of patellofemoral pain isn't known, it's believed that the way the patella tracks along the groove of the femur can lead to irritation of the cartilage on the underside of the patella. The patella can move up and down, side to side in the groove, as well as tilt and rotate.