Errors in DNA Replication. The low overall rate of mutation during DNA replication (1 base pair change in one billion base pairs per replication cycle) does not reflect the true number of errors that take place during the replication process.
The costs of neutering should include the general anesthesia as well. You may have to pay extra for the neutering procedure if the dog is in heat or obese. Most vets will charge a flat fee of $25 to $50. If the dog is pregnant, the spaying may cost more (an extra $50 to $100).After the surgery, the dog will require pain medication, which will cost something extra.he costs of neutering should include the general anesthesia as well. You may have to pay extra for the neutering procedure if the dog is in heat or obese. Most vets will charge a flat fee of $25 to $50. If the dog is pregnant, the spaying may cost more (an extra $50 to $100).
How much cat spay or neuter should cost. Prices paid and comments from CostHelper's team of professional journalists and community of users. The cost of neutering usually ranges from $50 to $100. The cost of spaying, which is more complicated, usually ranges from $100 to $200. The cost of neutering and spaying vary by geographic region and even by veterinarian.