The exhaust system can be a vital tool for optimizing the performance of the engine, through the way in which its design manipulates the pressure waves that can crucially assist cylinder filling and scavenging. On the other side of the coin, the exhaust system presents many challenges.
Fault clearing time is the sum of relay time and circuit breaker time. Circuit breaker time is also called total break time. The rapid fault clearing of extra high voltage transmission lines improves the power system stability. Hence, faster relying and fast circuit breaker are preferred for extra high voltage transmission lines, where the circuit breaker time being in order of 2.5 cycles.
The convergence time for legacy Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) IEEE 802.1D standard is 30 to 50 seconds. When the network is converging on a topology change, no traffic is forwarded to or from any of the network bridges and switches.