Linz distinguished new forms of authoritarianism from personalistic dictatorships and totalitarian states, taking Francoist Spain as an example.
The most common cause of ascites is advanced liver disease or cirrhosis. Approximately 80% of the ascites cases are thought to be due to cirrhosis. Although the exact mechanism of ascites development is not completely understood, most theories suggest portal hypertension (increased pressure in the liver blood flow) as the main contributor.
Excess fluid builds-up in the abdomen when a person has ascites. A build up of fluid in the abdomen, called ascites, is often caused by cirrhosis of the liver. Ascites is often related to alcoholism. Ascites may cause pressure on the diaphragm, leading to shortness of breathe. Persistent coughing and shortness of breath may accompany ascites.