In this history of the Spanish language I will look first at the people and cultures that inhabited the Iberian Peninsula. These peoples had undoubtedly a great influence in the way the Spanish language evolved.
ANS: The Fed can use open market operations, change the required reserve ratio, or change the discount rate to change the money supply. In practice, the Fed most often relies on open market operations because it is the most flexible tool. It allows for the greatest fine-tuning of the money supply. The required reserve ratio is the tool least used in practice because it is potentially so powerful.
(b) Economists agree that changes in the money supply reflect, rather than cause, changes in output. (c) Economists disagree over whether changes in the money supply are responsible for subsequent changes in output or whether changes in the money supply reflect changes in output. (d) Economists disagree over whether changes in the money supply and changes in output are closely related in the short run. 11. When economists state that in the long run prices are flexible they mean (a) inflation must be zero in the long run.