In a retrospective review of midsagittal T1-weighted brain MRI studies of 20 patients with Joubert syndrome ranging in age from 18 days to 23 years, Spampinato et al. (2008) found absence of decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles in all 6 patients over 30 months of age.
Orthopedics, sports medicine. ICD-10. [edit on Wikidata] Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a syndrome characterized by knee pain ranging from severe to mild discomfort seemingly originating from the contact of the posterior surface of the patella (back of the kneecap) with the femur (thigh bone).
The majority of sports injuries involve the lower body, particularly knee injuries. One of the most common knee injuries is called patellofemoral syndrome. This diagnosis can be caused by a slip or a fall onto the knees, swelling of the knee joint or a muscle imbalance. The patella, or kneecap, should travel in the groove at the end of the femur or thigh bone.