Full Definition of MACHIAVELLIAN. 1. : of or relating to Machiavelli or Machiavellianism. 2. : suggesting the principles of conduct laid down by Machiavelli; specifically: marked by cunning, duplicity, or bad faith.
Sleep medicine is a subspecialty field in the US under several medical specialties including anesthesiology, internal medicine, family medicine, and neurology. Neurosurgery is a distinct specialty that involves a different training path, and emphasizes the surgical treatment of neurological disorders.
Naturopathic Doctor. How Naturopathic Medicine Can Help Manage Sleep Apnea. Sleep apnea can be caused by a blocked upper airway (called obstructive apnea), by your brain not signaling your lungs to breathe (central apnea), or by a combination of these two problems.