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Thereafter, migration on the Oregon Trail was an annual event, although the practice of traveling in giant convoys of wagons gave way to many smaller bands of one or two-dozen wagons. The trail was heavily traveled until 1884, when the Union Pacific constructed a railway along the route.
Traveling the Oregon Trail put emigrants in contact with rotting animal remains, poor sanitation and questionable water. Add to this the sheer number of people on the trail and their stops at designated camps. Many were exhausted and perhaps a little underfed, and immune systems likely fell asleep on the job.