Errors in DNA Replication. The low overall rate of mutation during DNA replication (1 base pair change in one billion base pairs per replication cycle) does not reflect the true number of errors that take place during the replication process.
The costs of neutering should include the general anesthesia as well. You may have to pay extra for the neutering procedure if the dog is in heat or obese. Most vets will charge a flat fee of $25 to $50. If the dog is pregnant, the spaying may cost more (an extra $50 to $100).After the surgery, the dog will require pain medication, which will cost something extra.he costs of neutering should include the general anesthesia as well. You may have to pay extra for the neutering procedure if the dog is in heat or obese. Most vets will charge a flat fee of $25 to $50. If the dog is pregnant, the spaying may cost more (an extra $50 to $100).
October 28, 2008. 1  How much it costs to get a cat spayed depends on your region. 2  If your veterinarian performs the spay, expect to pay in the range of $200. 3  You generally can find a low-cost spay clinic, run by a national or local nonprofit organization, to get Kitty fixed..