The examination for the detection of congenital anomalies is referred to as either detailed ultrasound study or targeted imaging for fetal anomalies (TIFFA) 3, 4 In such examinations, a variety of fetal anatomic views (âtargetsâ') are specifically sought after and imaged by experienced ultrasonographers.
Turbidity is measured in NTU: Nephelometric Turbidity Units. The instrument used for measuring it is called nephelometer or turbidimeter, which measures the intensity of light scattered at 90 degrees as a beam of light passes through a water sample.
Normal urine is transparent. Turbid (cloudy) urine may be caused by either normal or abnormal processes. Normal conditions giving rise to turbid urine include precipitation of crystals, mucus, or vaginal discharge. Abnormal causes of turbidity include the presence of blood cells, yeast, and bacteria.The specific gravity of urine is a measure of the concentration of dissolved solutes (substances in a solution), and it reflects the ability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine (conserve water).bnormal causes of turbidity include the presence of blood cells, yeast, and bacteria. The specific gravity of urine is a measure of the concentration of dissolved solutes (substances in a solution), and it reflects the ability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine (conserve water).