Full Definition of MACHIAVELLIAN. 1. : of or relating to Machiavelli or Machiavellianism. 2. : suggesting the principles of conduct laid down by Machiavelli; specifically: marked by cunning, duplicity, or bad faith.
Sleep medicine is a subspecialty field in the US under several medical specialties including anesthesiology, internal medicine, family medicine, and neurology. Neurosurgery is a distinct specialty that involves a different training path, and emphasizes the surgical treatment of neurological disorders.
Most sleep disorders can be diagnosed by a comprehensive sleep history, which includes a detailed account of routine sleep-related habits (eg, bedtime, wake time, and number of awakenings), sleep duration, sleeping environment, daytime activities, psychosocial stressors, current drug use, and abnormal behavior in sleep.