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Thereafter, migration on the Oregon Trail was an annual event, although the practice of traveling in giant convoys of wagons gave way to many smaller bands of one or two-dozen wagons. The trail was heavily traveled until 1884, when the Union Pacific constructed a railway along the route.
Illnesses such as food poisoning, typhoid and, particularly, cholera were the primary causes of death for travelers on the Oregon Trail. Some wagon trains lost up to two-thirds of their travelers to cholera; a person would often become ill quickly and drastically, going from perfectly healthy before breakfast to near death by the afternoon.