Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis was performed to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system and T cells were key sources of catecholamines in current models of lung injury. Peak levels of adrenaline occurred in BAL fluids 2 h after the initiation of immune-complex-mediated injury (Fig. 4e).
An example to show covariance estimation with the Mahalanobis distances on Gaussian distributed data. For Gaussian distributed data, the distance of an observation to the mode of the distribution can be computed using its Mahalanobis distance: where and are the location and the covariance of the underlying Gaussian distribution. In practice, and are replaced by some estimates.
The distance formula is used to determine the distance, d, between two points. If the coordinates of the two points are (x 1, y 1) and (x 2, y 2), the distance equals the square root of x 2 â x 1 squared + y 2 â y 1 squared. The distance formula is derived by creating a triangle and using the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of the hypotenuse. The hypotenuse of the triangle is the distance between the two points.