Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis was performed to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system and T cells were key sources of catecholamines in current models of lung injury. Peak levels of adrenaline occurred in BAL fluids 2 h after the initiation of immune-complex-mediated injury (Fig. 4e).
An example to show covariance estimation with the Mahalanobis distances on Gaussian distributed data. For Gaussian distributed data, the distance of an observation to the mode of the distribution can be computed using its Mahalanobis distance: where and are the location and the covariance of the underlying Gaussian distribution. In practice, and are replaced by some estimates.
Definition: An Astronomical Unit is the mean distance between the Earth and the Sun. In 2012, the International Astronomical Union defined the distance to be 149,597,870,700 meters. Historical Background: Tycho Brahe estimated the distance between the Sun and the Earth at 8 million kilometers (5 million miles).Later, Johannes Kepler estimated the AU was at 24 million kilometers (15 million miles).In 1672, Giovanni Cassini made a much better estimate by using Mars.istorical Background: Tycho Brahe estimated the distance between the Sun and the Earth at 8 million kilometers (5 million miles). Later, Johannes Kepler estimated the AU was at 24 million kilometers (15 million miles).