Input-Output Analysis. What is 'Input-Output Analysis'. Input-output analysis (I-O) is a form of economic analysis based on the interdependencies between economic sectors. This method is most commonly used for estimating the impacts of positive or negative economic shocks and analyzing the ripple effects throughout an economy.
The DNA of most bacteria is contained in a single circular molecule, called the bacterial chromosome. The chromosome, along with several proteins and RNA molecules, forms an irregularly shaped structure called the nucleoid. This sits in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell.
In every case, the recombinant DNA must be taken up by the cell in a form in which it can be replicated and expressed. This is achieved by incorporating the DNA in a vector. A number of viruses (both bacterial and of mammalian cells) can serve as vectors.lasmids are molecules of DNA that are found in bacteria separate from the bacterial chromosome. 1  are small (a few thousand base pairs). 2  usually carry only one or a few genes. 3  are circular. 4  have a single origin of replication.