Melanin is the pigment that gives the skin its characteristic color. Vitiligo is caused by a loss of pigment in the skin, due to destruction of pigment-forming cells known as melanocytes. The exact cause of the destruction of these cells is not known.
Please be aware that whilst a travel adaptor will allow you to physically plug a UK 3 pin plug into a different socket it will not change the voltage or frequency of the supply. Voltage - The mains voltage in Italy is 230 V which is compatible with all UK appliances (UK voltage is currently specified as 230 V +10% / - 6%). Frequency - The frequency in Italy is 50 Hz which is the same as the UK.
In the case of the Dominican Republic the plugs used are pretty much the same as in the United States with the same 110 V. In other words if you are traveling to the DR from Europe, Asia, Africa or another distant country you are pretty much going to need an adapter and a converter to use your electric equipment.