What are beta blockers and how do they work? Beta blockers, also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, are a class of drugs that works by blocking the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to receptors. There are three known types of beta receptors, known as beta1 (Î²1), beta2 (Î²2) and beta3 (Î²3).
Although many newer imaging techniques for the evaluation of lung pathology have been developed, auscultation of the chest remains an invaluable clinical tool and is still probably the most common method of evaluating the lung. Evaluation of lung sounds is a routine part of a clinical examination. Breath sounds can be classified into 2 broad categories: normal breath sounds and adventitious (or abnormal) sounds. Adventitious breath sounds include wheezes, coarse crackles, fine crackles, and rhonchi. See the video of breath sound assessment, below.
This is a term that indicates that there is consolidation of the lung or possible collapse of the lung. Ask the patient to repeatedly say the sound âeeâ while you listen with the stethoscope. Normally, it will sound muffled, but it will remain with the long sound of âeeâ when you listen over most of the lung field.onsolidation refers to increased density of the lung tissue, due to it being filled with fluid and/or blood or mucus. Ask the patient to say the words: âninety-nineâ while you listen through the stethoscope. Normally the sound of âninety-nineâ will sound very faint and muffled.