Water chiller. A water chiller is a mechanical device used to facilitate heat exchange from water to a refrigerant in a closed loop system. The refrigerant is then pumped to a location where the waste heat is transferred to the atmosphere.
Banking in the United States before creation of the Federal Reserve System was, to say the least, chaotic. Early American Banking: 1791-1863. Banking in the America of 1863 was far from easy or dependable.
Birth of the Bank. In February 1791, the First Bank of the United States (1791-1811) received a unique national charter for twenty years. Alexander Hamiltonâs brainchild, a semi-public national bank, was a crucial component in the building of the early U.S. economy.