A necessary consideration in the development or expansion of courses incorporating techniques such as geographic information systems (GIS) is the establishment of the infrastructure to support such instruction. Planning for the practical application of knowledge involves the determination of hardware, software, data and personnel needs.
Continuity: the tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern o Contiguity: the tendency to perceive 2 things that happen close together in time as being related Rods and cones, which one is less or more light/color sensitive?
2) Centrality - the deviant behavior is perceived to be central to the deviant's life style and identity 3) Persistence - is is presumed that the deviant behavior has persisted, and will continue, over a long period of time 4) disjunctiveness - actions or a state of being that cause a coming apart or fracturing within society