Despite an increase in the number of available and effective antidepressants, many patients with depression respond poorly to drug treatment. At least a third of patients make an inadequate response to their first antidepressant monotherapy. Responses to subsequent courses are also limited.
Epidemiology/ Etiology. Discogenic pain is a form of low back pain, caused by chemically or mechanically damaged intervertebral discs.(level: 3A) This damage can find its origin in traumatic events, as well as in deterioration due to aging.
Spondylolisthesis causes back pain because adjacent vertebra become unstable and begin to slip.. The most common cause of spondylolisthesis is due to degenerative changes causing loss of the normal stabilizing structures of the spinal column. If the spine becomes unstable enough, back pain can become a problem.