Heroin also produces profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence. Tolerance occurs when more and more of the drug is required to achieve the same effects. With physical dependence, the body adapts to the presence of the drug and withdrawal symptoms occur if use is reduced abruptly. Withdrawal may occur within a few hours after the last time the drug is taken. Symptoms of withdrawal include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps (âcold turkeyâ), and leg movements.
1. Congestive heart failure (Statistical Brief #142, 2009 data) â The mean cost per CHF readmission is $13,000, with a 25.1 percent readmission rate. This is 118 percent the cost of an initial admission for CHF, which costs $11,000 on average.
Results âMedian length of stay was 6 days (range, 1 to 63 days), and mortality was 3%. Median hospital cost per discharge was $4408 (range, $1199 to $59 799). Fifty percent of costs were for room charges, 19% for stroke evaluation, 21% for medical management, and 7% for acute rehabilitation therapies.Sixteen percent were admitted to an intensive care unit.Length of stay accounted for 43% of the variance in total cost.he mean LOS for patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke in other US studies ranged from 9.2 to 11.6 days, 6 7 8 considerably longer than the 8 days in our study. Similarly, average total cost in most studies ranged from $7220 to $13 149, again higher than in our study.