Astronomers use the principle of parallax to measure distances to the closer stars. Here, the term parallax is the semi-angle of inclination between two sight-lines to the star, as observed when the Earth is on opposite sides of the Sun in its orbit.
Ernest Rutherford discovered that atoms contain mostly empty space, with his gold foil experiment. Bhor discovered that the electrons are not randomly placed around the nucleu â¦ s.
Gas and dust likely form around the central black hole, with clouds of charged gas above and below. Astronomers have discovered the largest and oldest mass of water ever detected in the universe â a gigantic, 12-billion-year-old cloud harboring 140 trillion times more water than all of Earth's oceans combined. The cloud of water vapor surrounds a supermassive black hole called a quasar located 12 billion light-years from Earth.