Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis was performed to determine whether the sympathetic nervous system and T cells were key sources of catecholamines in current models of lung injury. Peak levels of adrenaline occurred in BAL fluids 2 h after the initiation of immune-complex-mediated injury (Fig. 4e).
An example to show covariance estimation with the Mahalanobis distances on Gaussian distributed data. For Gaussian distributed data, the distance of an observation to the mode of the distribution can be computed using its Mahalanobis distance: where and are the location and the covariance of the underlying Gaussian distribution. In practice, and are replaced by some estimates.
Distance Formula and Pythagorean Theorem. The distance formula is derived from the Pythagorean theorem. To find the distance between two points (x 1 ,y 1) and (x 2 ,y 2), all that you need to do is use the coordinates of these ordered pairs and apply the formula pictured below. The distance formula is. $ \text{ Distance } = \sqrt{(x_2 -x_1)^2 + (y_2- y_1)^2} $. Below is a diagram of the distance formula applied to a picture of a line segment.