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The different grades of the Risser sign give a measure of bone maturity and thus of the skeletal growth to be expected. In Europe, a scale ranging from Risser 0 to Risser 5 defines the grades from beginning ossification to complete fusion of the apophysis to the iliac bone. In the USA, 4 grades are defined.
The Risser sign was developed by Joseph C. Risser in the course of scoliosis therapy as a diagnostic tool to determine bone maturity. Risser was an American surgeon who specialised in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis (three-dimensional deformity of the spine).