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Medical Definition of anaplasma. 1  1 capitalized : a genus of parasitic, gram-negative, nonmotile bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae that are transmitted chiefly by ticks and biting flies and infect the red blood cells of humans and animalsâsee anaplasmosis. 2  2plural anaplasmas or anaplasmata \-mÉt-É\play : any bacterium of the genus Anaplasma.
An update on anaplasmosis in dogs. This bacterial disease, caused by two different Anaplasma species, is spreading worldwide in dogs and has zoonotic potential. Canine anaplasmosis is caused by one of two gram-negative, obligate, intracellular bacterial agents, Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Anaplasma platys. Infection with A. phagocytophilum, the species more commonly associated with anaplasmosis, causes lameness and is often confused with Lyme disease. Infection with A. platys results in a cyclic thrombocytopenia. Both types of anaplasmosis are likely spread by ticks and can occur worldwide. Both A. phagocytophilum and A. platys are in the order Rickettsiales, which includes members of the genera Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Cowdria, Wolbachia, and Neorickettsia.