Water chiller. A water chiller is a mechanical device used to facilitate heat exchange from water to a refrigerant in a closed loop system. The refrigerant is then pumped to a location where the waste heat is transferred to the atmosphere.
Banking in the United States before creation of the Federal Reserve System was, to say the least, chaotic. Early American Banking: 1791-1863. Banking in the America of 1863 was far from easy or dependable.
The facts are these: 1  The United States, at this time (1819) had a federal bank, the Bank of the United States. 2  The State of Maryland voted to tax all bank business not done with state banks. This was meant to be a tax on people who lived in Maryland but who did business with banks in other states.