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In February 1821, Congress admits Maine and Missouri as states, formalizing the Missouri Compromise. Henry Clay, âthe Great Pacificator,â is by and large the architect of the Compromise. On March 6, 1820, President James Monroe signed the Missouri Compromise. The Compromise was made up of three parts: it admitted Maine, part of northern Massachusetts, as a free state; it admitted Missouri as a slave state; and it henceforth restricted slavery to territories south of the latitude 36Âº30' north.
In the presidential election of 1844 the Whig Party nominated Henry Clay of Kentucky. Clay refused to take a stand on the annexation of Texas. The Democrats rejected former president Martin Van Buren, who opposed annexation, and nominated James K. Polk of Tennessee. Polk ran on a pro-annexation platform: He would annex Texas, and he would assert American ownership of all of Oregon s territory disputed with Britain. Polk s position on Oregon was intended to reassure Northerners that expansion would benefit them as well as the South.