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Pediatric Respiratory Acidosis. Background. Respiratory acidosis occurs when the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pa CO2) is elevated above the normal range (>44 mm Hg) leading to a blood pH lower than 7.35.[1] By definition, the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis requires measurement of Pa CO2 and pH.
1 Those that affect respiration and cause changes in CO 2 concentration are called respiratory acidosis (low pH) and respiratory alkalosis (high pH). 2  Respiratory acid-base disorders are commonly due to lung diseases or conditions that affect normal breathing.ny disease or condition that affects the lungs, kidneys, metabolism or breathing has the potential to cause acidosis or alkalosis. The normal balance between acid and base can be visualized in Figure 1.