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The profit margin ratio formula can be calculated by dividing net income by net sales. Net sales is calculated by subtracting any returns or refunds from gross sales.nalysis. The profit margin ratio directly measures what percentage of sales is made up of net income. In other words, it measures how much profits are produced at a certain level of sales. This ratio also indirectly measures how well a company manages its expenses relative to its net sales.
The formula used for calculating the Profitability index is: i = the interest rate per period (discount rate). n = the number of periods. Where the numerator shows the discounted sum of benefits and the denominator represents the discounted sum of costs related with a particular project. This equation can, however, also be used to infer the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) which arises when Profitability Index equals 1.