What is the umbilical cord and what does it do? The umbilical cord is the life-line that attaches the placenta to the fetus. The umbilical cord is made up of three blood vessels: two smaller arteries which carry blood to the placenta and a larger vein which returns blood to the fetus.
Bright's disease. Bright's disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. It was characterized by edema, the presence of albumin in the urine and was frequently accompanied by high blood pressure (hypertension) and evidence of heart disease.
FOREWORD Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) initially are without specific symptoms. As the kidney function decreases, they begin to have symptoms such as foamy urine, edema, sore lower back, hy-pertension, and anemia. This occurs at an early stage of CKD. People should be cautious if the following long-term symptoms are observed, as they are early warning of kidney disease: lower limb or eyelid edema, severe frequent nocturnal enuresis, and foamy urine after waking up in the morning.The causative risk factors of CKD are:1.