Heroin also produces profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence. Tolerance occurs when more and more of the drug is required to achieve the same effects. With physical dependence, the body adapts to the presence of the drug and withdrawal symptoms occur if use is reduced abruptly. Withdrawal may occur within a few hours after the last time the drug is taken. Symptoms of withdrawal include restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps (âcold turkeyâ), and leg movements.
1. Congestive heart failure (Statistical Brief #142, 2009 data) â The mean cost per CHF readmission is $13,000, with a 25.1 percent readmission rate. This is 118 percent the cost of an initial admission for CHF, which costs $11,000 on average.
For all 23,216 HF-related hospitalizations, the mean cost was $23,077; for the 6806 hospitalizations (29%) with HF listed as the primary diagnosis, the mean cost was $17,654, and for the 16,410 hospitalizations (71%) with HF listed as a secondary diagnosis, the mean cost was $25,325 (Table 2).Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(10):769-776). The costs of 23,216 hospitalizations related to heart failure (HF) among patients aged 18 to 64 years were analyzed. 1  The mean cost of HF-related hospitalizations was $23,077 and was higher when HF was a secondary rather than the primary diagnosis.