The resulting mRNA is a single-stranded copy of the gene, which next must be translated into a protein molecule. During translation, which is the second major step in gene expression, the mRNA is read according to the genetic code, which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in proteins (Figure 2).
This group of drugs followed and largely superseded another group of medications with similar effects, but a different mode of action, called H2-receptor antagonists. PPIs are among the most widely sold drugs in the world, and the first one, omeprazole, is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
Other Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors. Besides Januvia, there are three other medications in this class: saxagliptin (OnglyzaÂ®), linagliptin (TradjentaÂ®), and alogliptin (NesinaÂ®). These drugs increase incretin levels in the body. Incretin is a hormone that helps to control blood sugar. Ergot Alkaloids.