Water chiller. A water chiller is a mechanical device used to facilitate heat exchange from water to a refrigerant in a closed loop system. The refrigerant is then pumped to a location where the waste heat is transferred to the atmosphere.
Banking in the United States before creation of the Federal Reserve System was, to say the least, chaotic. Early American Banking: 1791-1863. Banking in the America of 1863 was far from easy or dependable.
The banking crisis and state-wide then national closure of banks during the spring of 1933 preserved public faith in American finance and allowed the newly-elected Roosevelt administration and Congress to stabilize the American economic system.he state of American banks in 1933 was unsure, and there was widespread fear, based on previous closures, that banks funds were mismanaged and that hard-earned deposited money could disappear overnight.