It can take from 5 to10 plus years to earn a PhD in sociology, but I think 7 years about average including coursework, prelims and the dissertation.
We investigate various enzyme and substrate related factors affecting the efficiency of hydrolysis including the effect of substrate accessibility, cellulose crystallinity, effect of hemicellulose and lignin removal, lignin-enzyme interactions, and the effect of degree of synergy between various enzyme components in the cellulase enzyme mixture.
Sugars usually end in -ose (lactose, sucrose, fructose). So sucrase is an enzyme which acts on sucrose. In this case, the action is to break it down. Lactase is an enzyme which acts on lactose - in this case, the action is to break lactose down. One metabolic enzyme is pyruvate dehydrogenase. This is an enzyme which acts on pyruvate, and the action is to remove a hydrogen molecule. Just an example of an action that is not food breakdown.