Brown leaves or flowers with white or dark spots can result from a fungal infection in the plant. Fungal infections are often a result of soil that is too moist, or of leaves and flowers that are damp from watering or humidity.
Endolaryngeal microsurgery using a direct straight laryngoscope is a well-established procedure in phonosurgery. It enables the surgeon to perform a precise, exact procedure using the microflap technique for the treatment of small lesions in the vocal folds, such as cysts and polyps.
1 Photographs may be taken of the larynx with a tiny camera attached to the scope. 2  If necessary, therapeutic procedures, such as removal of polyps, may also be done with a rigid scope and specialized instruments. 3  This procedure usually takes 30 minutes to 1 hour.