The following are the most common symptoms of a Chiari malformation. 1  However, each child may experience symptoms differently. In infants and older children born with this condition, symptoms may include: 2  Headaches. 3  Stiffness or pain in the neck or back of the head area. 4  Poor feeding and swallowing. 5  Decreased strength in the arms.
A buffer solution (more precisely, pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer) is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa.
Buffers (substance that keeps a constant balance between acid and alkali) prevent excessive changes in the pH by removing or releasing hydrogen ions. The major buffer system in ECF is the bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) system.