What does PA stand for in DDS PA? DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery PA Professional Association MS Master of Science DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine (no different than DDS, just depends on the school they graduated f â¦ rom and what degree they use.
In concluding that the City is liable for a widespread pattern and practice of stops and frisks in violation of the Fourth Amendment rights of all New Yorkers, the Court explained: â[The City has] received both actual and constructive notice since at least 1999 of widespread Fourth Amendment violations occurring as a result of the NYPDâs stop and frisk practices.
Stop and frisk is an extension of the so-called Terry stop.. The latter is named for the 1968 SCOTUS decision in Terry v. Ohio. The case revolves on an arrest made in 1963 (It took a while for the case to make its way up to the SCOTUS) by Cleveland Police Detective Martin McFadden.