Brown leaves or flowers with white or dark spots can result from a fungal infection in the plant. Fungal infections are often a result of soil that is too moist, or of leaves and flowers that are damp from watering or humidity.
Endolaryngeal microsurgery using a direct straight laryngoscope is a well-established procedure in phonosurgery. It enables the surgeon to perform a precise, exact procedure using the microflap technique for the treatment of small lesions in the vocal folds, such as cysts and polyps.
Today, researchers are increasingly turning to AFLP-PCR in their DNA fingerprinting efforts. AFLP-PCR uses many of the same steps as RFLP, SSR, and RAPD, including restriction enzyme digestion of genomic DNA, PCR, and electrophoretic separation of DNA fragments.f course, AFLP can also be used to study organisms whose genome has been sequenced. For example, AFLP has been used to study human DNA samples in criminal investigations and in paternity tests (Brinkman, 1991).