From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Learned helplessness is behavior typical of an organism (human or animal) that has endured repeated painful or otherwise aversive stimuli which it was unable to escape or avoid.merican psychologist Martin Seligman initiated research on learned helplessness in 1967 at the University of Pennsylvania as an extension of his interest in depression.(4)(5) This research was later expanded in experiments by Seligman and others.
Average Revenue per Sale-ARS. Average revenue per sale is the average value generated for each order transaction over a period of time. Declining ARS may indicate that a company is adding too many low value products to its portfolio or lower revenue generating customers to its customer base.verage revenue per sale is the average value generated for each order transaction over a period of time. Declining ARS may indicate that a company is adding too many low value products to its portfolio or lower revenue generating customers to its customer base.
-Calculate expected revenue= 2,700,000. -Target cost = (expected revenue â target return)/ units produced. = 1,200,000 / 40,000 = $30 per unit. Yet in Example 1 on page 11, as per the answers, the target cost is arrived at by simply dividing the selling price p.u. by the mark up on cost. 10.50 / 1.5 = $7.00 per unit.