Astronomers measure the distance to a galaxy in the same way we estimate the distance to an oncoming car by the brightness of its headlights. We know from experience how much light a car's headlights emits, so we can determine how far away the car is.o measure the distance to a galaxy, we try to find stars in that galaxy whose absolute light output we can measure. We can then determine how far away the galaxy is by observing the brightness of the stars.
Knowledge center. Cardiovascular diseases include illnesses that involve the blood vessels (veins, arteries and capillaries) or the heart, or both-diseases that affect the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system, also called the circulatory system, is the system that moves blood throughout the human body.It is composed of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. It transports oxygenated blood from the lungs and heart throughout the whole body through the arteries.xamples of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system. 1  Cardiac diseases (Heart diseases) - examples include: - 2  Angina (considered as both a cardiac and vascular disease). - 3  Arrhythmia (problems with the heartbeat, irregular heartbeat). - 4  Congenital heart disease. - 5  Coronary artery disease (CAD).
The cardiovascular disease types in the heart are more commonly known as heart diseases. What is sometimes a little confusing for people is that  heart disease  is a term more often used to describe the most common type of heart disease: coronary artery disease or coronary heart disease.ypes of Cardiovascular Disease in the Heart. 1  Angina pectoris, or just angina, including: 2  Stable angina. 3  Unstable angina. 4  Variant angina (also known as Prinzmetal's angina). 5  Arrhythmias, which are problems with the heart's electrical system that can cause fast, slow, or irregular heartbeats. 6  These include: 7  Atrial fibrillation.