Astronomers measure the distance to a galaxy in the same way we estimate the distance to an oncoming car by the brightness of its headlights. We know from experience how much light a car's headlights emits, so we can determine how far away the car is.o measure the distance to a galaxy, we try to find stars in that galaxy whose absolute light output we can measure. We can then determine how far away the galaxy is by observing the brightness of the stars.
Knowledge center. Cardiovascular diseases include illnesses that involve the blood vessels (veins, arteries and capillaries) or the heart, or both-diseases that affect the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system, also called the circulatory system, is the system that moves blood throughout the human body.It is composed of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. It transports oxygenated blood from the lungs and heart throughout the whole body through the arteries.xamples of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system. 1  Cardiac diseases (Heart diseases) - examples include: - 2  Angina (considered as both a cardiac and vascular disease). - 3  Arrhythmia (problems with the heartbeat, irregular heartbeat). - 4  Congenital heart disease. - 5  Coronary artery disease (CAD).
Cardiovascular disease refers to several diseases that affect your heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is not one single disease or condition. It is a group of different disorders that affect your heart and blood vessels.