The initial step in gene expression is the transcription of the DNA molecule into an exact. RNA copy. As already discussed, the basic unit of heredity, the gene, is a double stranded DNA. molecule and the information in the gene is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides.
âPatient activationâ describes the extent to which individuals manage their own healthcare. This study evaluated the association of patient activation, depressive symptoms and quality of life in a primary care setting.
One central component in the complex network of processes leading to the development of alcoholic liver disease is the activation of immune cells residing in the liver (i.e., Kupffer cells) by a substance called endotoxin, which is released by bacteria living in the intestine.igure 2 How endotoxin activates Kupffer cells in the liver. Endotoxin, also called lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in association with soluble LPSâbinding protein (LBP), interacts with a receptor complex consisting of the proteins CD14 and TLR4. This interaction initiates a variety of signaling cascades in the cell.