Horizontal integration. A diagram illustrating horizontal integration and contrasting it with vertical integration. Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger. The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market for that product or service.
10 things invented by women. Clothes wringer/mangle. In 1880, an African-American woman named Ellen Elgin invented the clothes wringer. Sadly, she never made a fortune, selling her patent rights for a pittance because she believed if white women knew the wringer was invented by a black woman they wouldnât want it. Suspension bridge supports. Invented in 1811 by Sarah Guppy, 41, from Birmingham, UK. Windscreen Wipers.
The âBiograph Girl,â as she was known, based on her work with the film company, wasnât the very first person to come up with a turn signal. In 1909, a British man named Percy Douglas-Hamilton patented a set of hands, one attached to each side of the car, which could be illuminated to indicate a coming turn. âPeople look at and cite that patentâ as the first, said John Heitmann, a professor at the University of Dayton who specializes in automobile history.