CHAPTER 2. Ship Resistance. The theory of ship resistance has been elabo-. rated by naval architects as a means of predicting. ship performance from preliminary experiments. with models. A full discussion of this theory or of. the technique of testing the resistance of models. or of full-scale ships by trial runs is beyond the. scope of the present volume.
Chilling effect. In a legal context, a chilling effect is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of a constitutional right by the threat of legal sanction. The right that is most often described as being suppressed by a chilling effect is the right to free speech. A chilling effect may be caused by legal actions such as the passing of a law, the decision of a court, or the threat of a lawsuit; any legal action that would cause people to hesitate to exercise a legitimate right for fear of legal repercussions.
One of the most dramatic effects of global warming is the reduction in Arctic sea ice. Sea ice hit record-low extents in both the fall and winter of 2015 and 2016, meaning that at the time when the ice is supposed to be at its peak, it was lagging. The melt means there is less thick sea ice that persists for multiple years.