Brown leaves or flowers with white or dark spots can result from a fungal infection in the plant. Fungal infections are often a result of soil that is too moist, or of leaves and flowers that are damp from watering or humidity.
Endolaryngeal microsurgery using a direct straight laryngoscope is a well-established procedure in phonosurgery. It enables the surgeon to perform a precise, exact procedure using the microflap technique for the treatment of small lesions in the vocal folds, such as cysts and polyps.
If surgery is selected as the primary treatment of supraglottic carcinoma, many believe that transcervical partial laryngectomy is the surgical therapy of choice for T1 and T2 lesions, while lesions that are more extensive (eg, T3, T4) demand total laryngectomy.omparing results of supraglottic laryngectomy with those of radiotherapy is difficult because some series of patients treated with radiotherapy alone include those with lesions that were anatomically unsuitable for conservative laryngeal surgery.