Brown leaves or flowers with white or dark spots can result from a fungal infection in the plant. Fungal infections are often a result of soil that is too moist, or of leaves and flowers that are damp from watering or humidity.
Endolaryngeal microsurgery using a direct straight laryngoscope is a well-established procedure in phonosurgery. It enables the surgeon to perform a precise, exact procedure using the microflap technique for the treatment of small lesions in the vocal folds, such as cysts and polyps.
These techniques include: 1  DNA Sequencing. 2  The Employment of Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) 3  Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YAC) 4  Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC) 5  The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 6  Electrophoresis.