An exposure pathway-describes a unique mechanism by which an. individual or population is exposed to chemical or physical agents at or originating from. a site. Each exposure pathway includes a source or release from a source, an exposure. point, and an exposure route.
Terminology: Young cattle are called calves. A young male is called a bull calf; a young female before she has calved the second time is called a heifer (pronounced heffer). A young female that has had only one calf is sometimes called a first-calf heifer..
1 A Calf is a general term of a young bovine that has been born from a first-calf heifer or cow and has not been weaned or has not reached sexual or adult maturity yet.  Cows are mature female bovines that have had at least 2 calves. So, essentially, yes, the word cow specifically refers to one sex only: FEMALE. However, the term cow is used so often that it has lost it's specific meaning and to most people, it is a colloquial and ambiguous term that refers to all bovines, no matter what sex, age or breed they are. The more proper terms to call a bovine of unknown age or sex is a Cattle-Beast, Animal, Bovine, Critter, etc.