Physics and chemistry have produced two basic laws of thermodynamics that are obeyed by all forms of matter and energy, including living organisms. The first law is that of conservation of matter and energy, which states that matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed. Matter and energy can be transformed, and energy can be converted from one form into another, but the total of the equivalent amounts of both must always remain constant.
The smallest, thinnest needle is the nano 4mm, 32 gauge needle. By comparison, this needle is thought to be as thin as two strands of hair. The risk of injecting into muscle tissue is very rare when using this needle.
Nanotubes can conduct heat and electricity far better than copper. CNT are already being used in polymers to control or enhance conductivity and are added to anti-static packaging. A carbon nanotube is a tube-shaped material, made of carbon, having a diameter measuring on the nanometer scale. A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, or about 10,000 times smaller than a human hair. CNT are unique because the bonding between the atoms is very strong and the tubes can have extreme aspect ratios.