The following are the most common symptoms of a Chiari malformation. 1  However, each child may experience symptoms differently. In infants and older children born with this condition, symptoms may include: 2  Headaches. 3  Stiffness or pain in the neck or back of the head area. 4  Poor feeding and swallowing. 5  Decreased strength in the arms.
A buffer solution (more precisely, pH buffer or hydrogen ion buffer) is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa.
Phosphate buffered saline (abbreviated as PBS) is a buffer solution commonly used in biological research. It is a salty solution containing sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, and (in some formulations) potassium chloride and potassium phosphate. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH. The osmolarity and ion concentrations of the solution usually match those of the human body (isotonic).