There are five basic gasifier technologies currently in commercial use: â 1 Down Draftâ Fixed Bed. â 2 Up Draftâ Fixed Bed. 3  Fluidized Bed Reactor. 4  Entrained Flow. 5  Plasma.
2 B. Brief History of HMOs A health maintenance organization is defined as âan organization that combines the provision of health insurance and the delivery of health care services.â (Given 1994) Early HMOs and HMO-like institutions developed in the 1930s.
HMO: An HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) is an organization that provides or arranges for coverage of certain health care services required by members of the organization. Typical HMO coverages include access to a primary care physician, emergency care, and specialists/hospitalization when needed.PO: IPO (Independent Provider Organization) operates by having an HMO contract directly with independent physicians to provides services to HMO members. PPO: PPO (Preferred Provider Organization) is a form of managed care under which health care providers contract to provide medical services at pre-negotiated rates.