PlzeÅ (Czech pronunciation: [ËplÌ©.zÉÉ²]), also called Pilsen in English and German, is a city in western Bohemia in the Czech Republic. About 90 kilometres (56 miles) west of Prague, it is the fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic.
The Chromosphere. Click on image for larger version. The chromosphere is an irregular layer above the photosphere where the temperature rises from 6000&degC to about 20,000&degC. At these higher temperatures hydrogen emits light that gives off a reddish color (H-alpha emission).
The ionosphere and the exosphere together make up the upper atmosphere (or thermosphere). The magnetosphere is the region above the Earth's surface in which charged particles are affected by the Earth's magnetic field. Another well-known layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer, occupying much of the stratosphere. This layer is defined by its chemical composition - where ozone is especially abundant. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the troposphere. It ranges in thickness from 8km at the poles to 16km over the equator.