It can take from 5 to10 plus years to earn a PhD in sociology, but I think 7 years about average including coursework, prelims and the dissertation.
We investigate various enzyme and substrate related factors affecting the efficiency of hydrolysis including the effect of substrate accessibility, cellulose crystallinity, effect of hemicellulose and lignin removal, lignin-enzyme interactions, and the effect of degree of synergy between various enzyme components in the cellulase enzyme mixture.
This means that the hydrolysis of ATP can provide energy for the phosphorylation of the compounds below it in the table. For example, the hydrolysis of ATP provides sufficient energy for the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose 1-phosphate. By the same token, the hydrolysis of compounds, such as creatine phosphate, that appear above ATP in the table can provide the energy needed to resynthesize ATP from ADP.