Brown leaves or flowers with white or dark spots can result from a fungal infection in the plant. Fungal infections are often a result of soil that is too moist, or of leaves and flowers that are damp from watering or humidity.
Endolaryngeal microsurgery using a direct straight laryngoscope is a well-established procedure in phonosurgery. It enables the surgeon to perform a precise, exact procedure using the microflap technique for the treatment of small lesions in the vocal folds, such as cysts and polyps.
The patient is placed on strict voice rest for 2 weeks after microflap surgery and for 1 week after injection. Patients with more extensive dissections may be placed on a short course of oral corticosteroids. All patients receive antibiotics for 7 days and a mild narcotic for pain relief.