As in other autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, the bodyâs natural ability to attack invading viruses and bacteria goes haywire and mistakenly sees healthy body proteins as enemies. Redness, pain, heat and swelling signal that the immune system is on the warpath.
Formal Charge = [# valence electrons on neutral atom] â [(# lone electron pairs) + (Â½ # bonding electrons)] 1  Valence electrons = corresponds to the group number of the periodic table (for representative elements).  Lone Pairs = lone electrons sitting on the atom. Each electron counts as one and so a pair counts as two.
The voltage on a discharging capacitor, with time constant T, and initial voltage Vo, varies with time exponentially as; V(t) = Voe^-t/T. So the voltage after one time constant is; V(T) = Vo/e (about 46% of Vo) The Charging eq is; V(t) = Vo[1 - e^-t/T] The voltage after one time constant is; V(T) = Vo[1-1/e] (about 54% of Vo) Since e=2.718 it is common practice to approximate this as ~ 3. Then the discharge voltage afer one time constant is approximately (1/3)Vo And the charging voltage after one time constant is approximately (2/3)Vo