Fungus gnats are small, dark, short-lived gnats, of the families Sciaridae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae, and Mycetophilidae (order Diptera); they are sometimes placed in the superfamily Mycetophiloidea. The larvae feed on plant roots and fungi, helping in the decomposition of organic matter.
In each of these situations, you experienced the work of the three types of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction, or direct heat, occurs when the faster moving molecules of the fire collide with the cooler molecules of the marshmallow, causing them to move faster and become hot.
There are three primary classifications of heat exchangers according to their flow arrangement. In parallel-flow heat exchangers, the two fluids enter the exchanger at the same end, and travel in parallel to one another to the other side. In counter-flow heat exchangers the fluids enter the exchanger from opposite ends.