The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of the universe (or any isolated system therein) is increasing; i.e., the energy of the universe is becoming more uniformly distributed. It is often noted that the second law indicates that nature tends to go from order to disorder, from complexity to simplicity.
Small-bore catheters and Heimlich valves have been successfully used in. the treatment of pneumothoraces in several studies.4,5 The thoracic vent. (see Figure 1) is a minimally invasive device for the treatment of. pneumothorax. It consists of a polyurethane catheter connected to a. plastic chamber containing a one-way valve.
1 Joint Dysfunction. 2  Pain caused by joint dysfunction, where the ribs attach to the spine at each level of the thoracic spine, can cause pain. 3  Herniated or degenerative discs. 4  While less common in the thoracic spine, degenerative disc disease or a thoracic herniated disc can be a source of pain.here are several features of the thoracic spine that distinguish it from the lumbar and cervical spine: 1  Limited flexibility. 2  The ribs connected to T11 and T12 at the bottom of the thoracic spine do not attach the sternum in front, but do provide protection for the kidneys in the back of the body.