At issue was who, the pope or monarchs, had the authority to appoint (invest) local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries. The conflict ended in 1122, when Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II agreed on the Concordat of Worms. It differentiated between the royal and spiritual powers and gave the emperors a limited role in selecting bishops.
The first two US political parties were technically the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, who were later known as the Democratic and Republican parties.
Tell students that like the two parties created in class, there are two main political parties in the United States: the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Also, explain that like their class parties, sometimes party members donât believe everything a party or candidate does.