At issue was who, the pope or monarchs, had the authority to appoint (invest) local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries. The conflict ended in 1122, when Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II agreed on the Concordat of Worms. It differentiated between the royal and spiritual powers and gave the emperors a limited role in selecting bishops.
The first two US political parties were technically the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, who were later known as the Democratic and Republican parties.
Origin of the Democratic Party: The two original national parties were the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. In 1816, the Federalist Party died out leaving a single political party for a short time. However, a split in the Democratic-Republican Party in the mid-1820s gave rise two factions: the National Republicans and the Democrats.