Yet on the whole, the niacin flush is associated with beneficial health effects. Niacin specifically activates the high affinity G-protein coupled receptors, GPR109a and b, which then leads to release of a variety of prostaglandins that results in the flush response.
professional courtesy is something to be given by the off duty officer to an on duty officer not the other way around a working cop may use discretion on minor violations without fear of repercussions this consideration is extended to citizens and certainly can also be extended to off duty cops
Even if the benefits provided to the staff physicians in the form of professional courtesy or cafeteria discounts do not constitute taxable income, an EO, its representatives and the staff physicians may be in violation of the private inurement or excess benefit rules pertaining to tax-exempt organizations.s a result, some EOs have begun to offer cafeteria and professional courtesy discounts for staff physicians. However, the provision of professional courtesy discounts in particular, and cafeteria discounts to a lesser extent, raise legal concerns outside the Stark law.