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Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active lipoprotein complex (phospholipoprotein) formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Surfactant reduces surface tension, so that the alveoli in the lungs are able to expand. It is essentially a biological detergent.Surfactant reduces surface tension. Without surfactant, the wet surfaces of the alveoli in your lungs would stick together and your lungs would not be able to expand-so, you would not be able to breath.The alveoli are the tiny sacs in your lungs where oxygen is captured from inhaled air and absorbed into your bloodstream.ithout surfactant, the wet surfaces of the alveoli in your lungs would stick together and your lungs would not be able to expand-so, you would not be able to breath. The alveoli are the tiny sacs in your lungs where oxygen is captured from inhaled air and absorbed into your bloodstream.