Because of the Doctrine of Precedent, judges decisions thus become law which future judges must follow. That is what is referred to as judge-made law, or common law (as a source of law). This article is a topic within the subject Introducing Law & Justice.f the facts of a precedent (of a higher court in the same hierarchy) are similar to the facts of a present case, a court must apply or follow the ratio decidendi (the legal reason behind a ruling).
The bishop's predecessor in shatranj (medieval chess) was the alfil, meaning the elephant, which could leap two squares along any diagonal, and could jump over an intervening piece. As a consequence, each fil was restricted to eight squares, and no fil could attack another.ishops, like all other pieces except the knight, cannot jump over other pieces. A bishop captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece sits. The bishops may be differentiated according to which wing they begin on, i.e. the king's bishop and queen's bishop.
Original Staunton chess pieces, left to right: pawn, rook, knight, bishop, queen, and king. A chess piece, or chessman, is any of the 32 movable objects deployed on a chessboard used to play the game of chess. In a standard game of chess, each of the two players begins a game with the following 16 pieces: 1 king.