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Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active lipoprotein complex (phospholipoprotein) formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Phospholipids form the bulk of lipids present in the surfactant. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the main phospholipid with surface active properties that makes 70-80 % of the total lipids. It may be present in unsaturated form (17%) or in saturated form (50%; with dipalmitoyl species).