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Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active lipoprotein complex (phospholipoprotein) formed by type II alveolar cells. The proteins and lipids that make up the surfactant have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
Composition of surfactant The exact composition of the surfactant in vivo is not known but most of the studies are done using the endotracheal lavage fluid and in vitro lung preparations. Based on these studies, it has been demonstrated that surfactant is mainly composed of 90% lipids and 10% proteins.