As in other autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, the bodyâs natural ability to attack invading viruses and bacteria goes haywire and mistakenly sees healthy body proteins as enemies. Redness, pain, heat and swelling signal that the immune system is on the warpath.
Formal Charge = [# valence electrons on neutral atom] â [(# lone electron pairs) + (Â½ # bonding electrons)] 1  Valence electrons = corresponds to the group number of the periodic table (for representative elements).  Lone Pairs = lone electrons sitting on the atom. Each electron counts as one and so a pair counts as two.
The time required for the current flowing in the LR series circuit to reach its maximum steady state value is equivalent to about 5 time constants or 5 Ï. This time constant Ï, is measured by Ï = L/R, in seconds, were R is the value of the resistor in ohms and L is the value of the inductor in Henries. This then forms the basis of an RL charging circuit were 5 Ï can also be thought of as â5 x L/Râ or the transient time of the circuit.