At issue was who, the pope or monarchs, had the authority to appoint (invest) local church officials such as bishops of cities and abbots of monasteries. The conflict ended in 1122, when Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II agreed on the Concordat of Worms. It differentiated between the royal and spiritual powers and gave the emperors a limited role in selecting bishops.
The first two US political parties were technically the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, who were later known as the Democratic and Republican parties.
Today there are two major parties and 4 third major parties in American system. Parties are Democratic Party, Republican Party, Constitution Party, Green Party and Libertarian Party. Also there are minor political parties and regional parties in system. Democratic Party is the oldest political party in the history.