Who are considered lineal heirs and lineal descendants for the purpose of inheritance taxes? Lineal heirs are grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, and their children. Children include natural children, whether or not they have been adopted by others; adopted children; and stepchildren. Lineal descendants include all children of the natural parents and their descendants, whether or not they have been adopted by others; adopted descendants and their descendants and step-descendants.
India is the latest country to have officially stopped endemic transmission of polioâwith its last reported case in 2011. Only three countries remain where the disease is endemicâAfghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria.
When a person is infected with poliovirus, the virus resides in the intestinal tract and mucus in the nose and throat. Poliovirus transmission most often occurs through contact with stool of this infected person (known as fecal-oral transmission).Less frequently, polio transmission can occur through contact with infected respiratory secretions or saliva (oral-oral transmission). Poliovirus is commonly found in sewage water. 2  Touching surfaces or objects contaminated with poliovirus (for instance, by changing diapers), then putting the contaminated hand in the mouth. 3  Sharing foods or eating utensils with someone infected with poliovirus.