Who are considered lineal heirs and lineal descendants for the purpose of inheritance taxes? Lineal heirs are grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, and their children. Children include natural children, whether or not they have been adopted by others; adopted children; and stepchildren. Lineal descendants include all children of the natural parents and their descendants, whether or not they have been adopted by others; adopted descendants and their descendants and step-descendants.
India is the latest country to have officially stopped endemic transmission of polioâwith its last reported case in 2011. Only three countries remain where the disease is endemicâAfghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria.
Polio vaccination is also important in the development of herd immunity. For polio to occur in a population, there needs to be an infecting organism (poliovirus), a susceptible human population, and a cycle of transmission.he most important step in eradication of polio is interruption of endemic transmission of poliovirus. Stopping polio transmission has been pursued through a combination of routine immunization, supplementary immunization campaigns and surveillance of possible outbreaks.