As in other autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, the bodyâs natural ability to attack invading viruses and bacteria goes haywire and mistakenly sees healthy body proteins as enemies. Redness, pain, heat and swelling signal that the immune system is on the warpath.
Formal Charge = [# valence electrons on neutral atom] â [(# lone electron pairs) + (Â½ # bonding electrons)] 1  Valence electrons = corresponds to the group number of the periodic table (for representative elements).  Lone Pairs = lone electrons sitting on the atom. Each electron counts as one and so a pair counts as two.
Present Value and CAGR Formula. PV = FV / (1 + r)Y. CAGR = (FV / PV)1 / Y - 1. where PV is the present value (= starting principal), FV is the future value, r and CAGR are the annual interest rate, and Y is the number of years invested. The formula for present value is simple; just take the formula for future value and solve for starting principal: