The second law of thermodynamics says that the entropy of the universe (or any isolated system therein) is increasing; i.e., the energy of the universe is becoming more uniformly distributed. It is often noted that the second law indicates that nature tends to go from order to disorder, from complexity to simplicity.
Small-bore catheters and Heimlich valves have been successfully used in. the treatment of pneumothoraces in several studies.4,5 The thoracic vent. (see Figure 1) is a minimally invasive device for the treatment of. pneumothorax. It consists of a polyurethane catheter connected to a. plastic chamber containing a one-way valve.
The ventilator blows gas (air plus oxygen as needed) into. a personâs lungs. It can help a person by doing all of the. breathing or just assisting the patientâs breathing. The. ventilator can deliver higher levels of oxygen than. delivered by a mask or other devices. The ventilator can. provide a pressure (PEEP pressure) which helps hold the. lungs open so the air sacs donât collapse.