Because of the Doctrine of Precedent, judges decisions thus become law which future judges must follow. That is what is referred to as judge-made law, or common law (as a source of law). This article is a topic within the subject Introducing Law & Justice.f the facts of a precedent (of a higher court in the same hierarchy) are similar to the facts of a present case, a court must apply or follow the ratio decidendi (the legal reason behind a ruling).
The bishop's predecessor in shatranj (medieval chess) was the alfil, meaning the elephant, which could leap two squares along any diagonal, and could jump over an intervening piece. As a consequence, each fil was restricted to eight squares, and no fil could attack another.ishops, like all other pieces except the knight, cannot jump over other pieces. A bishop captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece sits. The bishops may be differentiated according to which wing they begin on, i.e. the king's bishop and queen's bishop.
The rook is also called the castle by some and it actually looks like a castle or at least a castle tower. The rook, as per chess rules, moves just like the queen except it can't move diagonally. Just forward, backward, left, and right but as many spaces as desired without jumping other chess pieces.