Description and significance. Vibrio cholerae is a comma shaped Gram-negative1 bacteria with a single, polar flagellum for movement. There are numerous strains of V. cholerae, some of which are pathogenic and some of which are not. The most wide sweeping pathogenic strain is the Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 El Tor N16961 strain that causes the pandemic disease cholera.2 The latest pathogenic serotype O139 was discovered in 1992.
Heavens to Betsy. Q From Mark Lord: I am looking for the origin and meaning of the phrase Heavens to Betsy. A The meaning is simple enough: itâs a mild American exclamation of shock or surprise. Itâs dated, only rarely encountered in print and then most often as an evocation of times past.
9 prep-phrase Down to a particular detail means including everything, even that detail. Down to a particular person means including everyone, even that person. ...from the chairman right down to the tea ladies. 10 prep-phrase If you are down to a certain amount of something, you have only that amount left.PREP amount The poor man's down to his last Â£3. 11 prep-phrase If a situation is down to a particular person or thing, it has been caused by that person or thing.own is often used with verbs of movement, such as `fall' and `pull', and also in phrasal verbs such as `bring down' and `calm down'. Please look at category 15 to see if the expression you are looking for is shown under another headword.