Cell references are an important part of creating formulas in Excel. Using cell references allows your formulas to update automatically if the value in a particular cell changes and can also assist you in updating formulas as cells are copied or moved. There are two basic types of cell references, each serving a different purpose. 1  Relative Cell References. 2  Absolute Cell References.
Diagram of a public key infrastructure. A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption.he purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e-commerce, internet banking and confidential email.
Cook Partisan Voting Index. Map by state (After the 2012 election) The Cook Partisan Voting Index, also called PVI, is a measurement of how strongly a United States congressional district or state leans toward the Democratic or Republican Party, compared to the nation as a whole.