Although the pathophysiology is not completely understood, it is clear that it is a multifactorial process involving altered mineral metabolism, as well as changes in systemic and local factors that can promote or inhibit vascular calcification, and all of these are potential therapeutic targets.
In the following discussion, the term antioxidant refers mainly to non-nutrient compounds in foods, such as polyphenols, which have antioxidant capacity in vitro and so provide an artificial index of antioxidant strength â the ORAC measurement.ypical cooked vegetables rich in antioxidants are artichokes, cabbage, broccoli, asparagus, avocados, beetroot and spinach. Nuts are a moderate source of polyphenol antioxidants. Typical nuts are pecans, walnuts, hazelnuts, pistachio, almonds, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts and peanut butter.
This includes several types of food and parts of foods: 1  Plant-based foods, including naturally-occurring chemicals called phytochemicals such as: Carotenoids, found in red, orange, yellow, and some dark green vegetables. Polyphenols, which are found in herbs, spices, vegetables, green tea, apples, and berries.