Reflectance pulse oximetry may be used as an alternative to transmissive pulse oximetery described above. This method does not require a thin section of the person's body and is therefore well suited to more universal application such as the feet, forehead and chest, but it also has some limitations.eflectance pulse oximetry may be used as an alternative to transmissive pulse oximetery described above. This method does not require a thin section of the person's body and is therefore well suited to more universal application such as the feet, forehead and chest, but it also has some limitations.
In the United States, about 2â3 million abnormal Pap smear results are found each year. Most abnormal results are mildly abnormal (ASC-US (typically 2â5% of Pap results) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) (about 2% of results)), indicating HPV infection.
Abnormal Pap Test. Abnormal Pap Test. Most abnormal Pap tests are caused by HPV infections. Other types of infection-such as those caused by bacteria, yeast, or protozoa (Trichomonas)-sometimes lead to minor changes on a Pap test called atypical squamous cells. Natural cell changes that may happen during and after menopause can also cause an abnormal Pap test.