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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
Magma chambers are large reservoirs beneath the Earth's crust that hold hot magma. Magma is less dense than the materials that make up the mantle, which causes it to pool below the crust and exert pressure. When the pressure is too great, magma is expelled through the main vent of a volcano.