Trade encourages specialisation, which brings prosperity; global capital markets, for all their problems, allocate money more efficiently than local ones; economic co-operation encourages confidence and enhances security. Yet despite its obvious benefits, the globalised economy is under threat.
RA (the most common disease cause) and Paget disease of the cervical spine can cause atlantoaxial dislocation or subluxation, basilar invagination, or platybasia. Metastatic tumors that affect bone can cause atlantoaxial dislocation or subluxation.
Normal flexion to hyperextension at the atlanto-occipital joint range is 15 to 20 degrees. Rest is contributed by lower vertebrae. Rotation and lateral flexion between the occiput and atlas are not possible due to the depth of the atlantal sockets. These movements occur on atlanto axial joint [C1-C2].ormal flexion to hyperextension at the atlanto-occipital joint range is 15 to 20 degrees. Rest is contributed by lower vertebrae. Rotation and lateral flexion between the occiput and atlas are not possible due to the depth of the atlantal sockets. These movements occur on atlanto axial joint [C1-C2].