The most commonly used clostridial vaccination in cattle is the 7-way type which protects against Clostridium chauveoi (blackleg), Clostridium septicum and Clostridium sordelli (malignant edema), Clostridium novyi (black disease), and three types of Clostridium perfringens (enterotoxemia).
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder in which excess immune system cells called Langerhans cells build up in the body. Langerhans cells, which help regulate the immune system, are normally found throughout the body, especially in the skin, lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, liver, and bone marrow.
The hormones secreted by the endocrine pancreas regulate metabolic functions throughout the body, in the digestive tract, or in the islets themselves. The islets of Langerhans contain three major cell types, alpha, beta and delta cells, that secrete glucagon, insulin and somatostatin, respectively.