Intelligent intelligence testing. Psychologists are broadening the concept of intelligence and how to test it. Standardized intelligence testing has been called one of psychology's greatest successes. It is certainly one of the field's most persistent and widely used inventions.
During Reconstruction, the Congressmen who wanted to punish the South for starting the Civil War were: Southern Redeemers. Northern Democrats. Radical Democrats. Radical Republicans.
White Democratic Southerners saw themselves as redeeming the South by regaining power. They appealed to scalawags (white Southerners who supported the Republican Party after the civil war and during the time of reconstruction). More importantly, in a second wave of violence following the suppression of the Ku Klux Klan, violence began to increase in the Deep South.