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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance. Temperatures of most magmas are in the range 700 Â°C to 1300 Â°C (or 1300 Â°F to 2400 Â°F), but very rare carbonatite magmas may be as cool as 600 Â°C, and komatiite magmas may have been as hot as 1600 Â°C. Most magmas are silicate mixtures.agma often collects in magma chambers that may feed a volcano or solidify underground to form an intrusion. Magma is capable of intrusion into adjacent rocks (forming igneous dikes and sills), extrusion onto the surface as lava, and explosive ejection as tephra to form pyroclastic rock.