It was an Islamic empire--as the Byzantine had been a Christian empire--that was literally the private holding of the Osmanli family from whom the concept of the Ottoman state could not be separated. The ruling house and the empire's civil and military ruling class were considered Ottomans.ecovery of Ottoman prestige was slow, but Anatolia was gradually reabsorbed, and in the 1420s Ottoman power had revived sufficiently to undertake fresh campaigns in Greece. Aside from scattered outposts in Greece, all that remained of the Byzantine Empire was its capital, Constantinople.
A stupa (Sanskrit: m., stÅ«pa heap) is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing ÅarÄ«ra relics, typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns, used as a place of meditation.fter the parinirvana of the Buddha, his remains were cremated and the ashes divided and buried under eight mounds with two further mounds encasing the urn and the embers. The earliest archaeological evidence for the presence of Buddhist stupas dates to the late 4th century BCE in India.
In addition to their renovation of the Great Stupa, the Sungas constructed the Second and Third stupas, as well as other religious buildings. Great Stupa, Sanchi. Encircling the Great Stupa is a railing, with four exquisitely carved gateways, or toranas, each facing one of the four cardinal directions. It is believed that these gateways were carved during the Satavahana period sometime around 100 AD.