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In the Arctic tundra, many types producers, including flowering plants, low shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses and algae, use the sunâs energy during the process of photosynthesis. Producers are then eaten by plant-eating primary consumers â- herbivores -- such as voles, caribou, arctic hares, musk oxen and squirrels. Some consumers are omnivores, which get their food from both plant and animal sources. These include grizzly bears, polar bears and ground squirrels.
Much of the arctic has rain and fog in the summers, and water gathers in bogs and ponds. Vegetation in the tundra has adapted to the cold and the short growing season. Mosses, sedges, and lichens are common, while few trees grow in the tundra. The trees that do manage to grow stay close to the ground so they are insulated by snow during the cold winters.