Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum. Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxins. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. The following references aid in recognizing disease characteristics and hazards associated with botulinum toxin.
Budd suggests that a prospective buffalo rancher look up the recommended beef cow-calf stocking rate for the area and multiply by 10 to get the acreage necessary for stocking buffalo. He keeps a 30:1 cow:bull ratio. His land will support a cow-calf pair on 15 acres and a yearling over summer on 5 acres. Buffalo are easier on pasture than cattle, says Budd, because they roam and they graze all year around, reducing the stress placed on any particular area of the pasture.
The standard milk replacer diet (8 ounces of 20:20 milk replacer in 2 quarts of water twice a day) provides only enough energy to meet the calfâs maintenance needs plus 0.5 pound of gain per day at 68Â°F. However, at 15Â°F, that same calf requires 12.5 ounces of milk replacer twice daily just to survive.ortunately, the cure for starving calves is easy Â­. . . just feed them more milk! Mix two 8-ounce cups of milk replacer in 4 quarts of water, and feed them 1 gallon twice a day. If you feed whole milk, give them 3 quarts twice daily. Most calves will drink a gallon from day one.