At certain intervals, the ovaries release an ovum, which passes through the Fallopian tube into the uterus. If, in this transit, it meets with sperm, a single sperm can enter and merge with the egg, fertilizing it. Corresponding equivalent among males is the male reproductive system.
The Average Annual Return is a percentage figure used to report a historical return of a given period (most commonly 3-, 5-, 10-year). The most common area using this figure is mutual funds. The deceptive part of Average Annual Return is how it is calculated. It is simply (Sum of Annual Returns) / (# of Years). For example, to earn a 10% annual return, a fund could perform both of the following ways: 1  Return 1: (+10% + +10% + +10% + +15% + +5%) / 5 = 10% Average Annual Return. 2  Return 2: (40% + +30% + -10% + +5% + -15%) / 5 = 10% Average Annual Return.
The log return for the year is the sum of the daily log returns. The log return for the year for the S&P is 12.8% (the data are in percent already). We can use the bootstrap to get an idea of the variability of that figure. There are 251 daily returns in the year. One bootstrap sample is 251 randomly sampled daily returns.