'PAR' in PAR 20 or PAR 50 is an acronym standing for Parabolic Aluminized Reflector. This name refers to the construction of the PAR bulb. The bulb traditionally features a tungsten filament surrounded by a reflector with an aluminum coating (hence aluminized). The reflector intensifies the beam and makes it more efficient.
Toe necrosis; Toe ischemia; Amputation; Dry gangrene Abstract Toe necrosis may have vast different etiologies. These include ischemia, embolus, and others. (1) The most common etiology is ischemia. It is a reduction in blood supply to a viable tissue that can lead to susceptibility to infection and tissue death. Peripheral ischemia, which is rooted in the
Black toenails are caused by trauma to the nail. Common causes of toenails turning black include ill-fitting shoes, fungus, dropping an object on the toe and cutting the nail too short. Impact to the toenail causes bleeding underneath the nail's surface. Part or all of the toenail may turn black. Subungual hematoma is the medical term for black toenail, literally meaning blood underneath a nail.. Athletes often suffer from black toenails, especially those who run on hills or play soccer.