Transcontinental railroads in and near the United States (1887). A transcontinental railroad is a contiguous network of railroad trackage that crosses a continental land mass with terminals at different oceans or continental borders.
Normal cervical range of motion is. 1  Flexion â 80 to 90 degrees. 2  Extension â 70 degrees. 3  Lateral flexion â 20 to 45 degrees on both sides.  Rotation â 90Â° of rotation to both sides.
Â© Reed Group. Degeneration of cervical intervertebral discs is common, and often postulated as a cause of neck and arm pain. The neck (cervical spine) is made up of seven vertebrae. Starting with cervical vertebra number 2 (C2), an intervertebral disc separates each vertebra from the vertebrae below. A cervical intervertebral disc is a spongy structure that helps absorbs shock and allows movement of the cervical vertebrae. A degenerating disc loses some of its thickness and becomes less flexible, causing the space between two vertebrae to narrow.