The standard deduction, as defined under United States tax law, is a dollar amount that non-itemizers may subtract from their income and is based upon filing status.
Burma has been renamed as Myanmar and today, the country is run by a military government. The military is called Tatmadaw. It is also called the State Peace and Development Council. A parliamentary form of government was elected by the people in 1990, but the military stopped it from coming to power.
Your government is the system of people, laws, and officials that define and control the country that you live in. The U.S. government, for example, is a representative democracy with three branches. There are many different kinds of government, but they all do essentially the same thing: govern or oversee the rules, regulations, and interactions of the people who live under them.