According to Cooper (1988) '... a literature review uses as its database reports of primary or original scholarship, and does not report new primary scholarship itself. The primary reports used in the literature may be verbal, but in the vast majority of cases reports are written documents.
Reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen. Examples include peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen. In a biological context, ROS are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis.
Deamination. Removal of the Î±-amino group is the first step in catabolism of amino acids. It may be accomplished oxidatively or nonoxidatively. Oxidative deamination is stereospecific and is catalyzed by L- or D-amino acid oxidase. The initial step is removal of two hydrogen atoms by the flavin coenzyme, with formation of an unstable Î±-amino acid intermediate.