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Magma in Earth's Mantle Forms Deeper Than Once Thought. Study simulating pressures in mantle beneath the ocean floor shows that rocks can melt at depths up to 250 kilometers. When magma reaches Earth's surface and erupts from a volcano, it becomes lava.
1 The nearby Clearwater Cave System is believed to be the world's largest cave by volume, with a calculated volume of 30,347,540 m 3 (1.071713 Ã 10 9 cu ft). 2  The largest passage ever discovered is in the Son Doong Cave in Phong Nha-Káº» Bang BÃ ng National park In Quáº£ng Binh, BÃ¬nh.  province vietnam The cave system with the greatest total length of surveyed passage is Mammoth Cave in Kentucky, USA, at 643 km (400 mi). 2  This record is unlikely to be surpassed in the near future, as the next most extensive known cave is Jewel Cave near Custer, South Dakota, USA, at 267 km (166 mi).