One advantage of the transperitoneal approach to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is the familiarity of the anatomy to most urologists. An understanding of the ligaments at the upper and lateral borders of each kidney helps in colon mobilization and dissection of the upper renal poles.
polyglandular autoimmune syndrome; PGA syndrome type 1; autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1; autoimmune-polyendocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome; Disorder Subdivisions. None; General Discussion. APS-1 is a rare and complex inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities. It presents as a constellation of symptoms and side-effects with potentially life-threatening endocrine gland and gastro-intestinal
Doctors don't know what causes autoimmune pancreatitis, but as in other autoimmune diseases, the body's immune system attacks healthy body tissue. Complications. Autoimmune pancreatitis can cause a variety of complications. Pancreatic insufficiency. AIP may affect the ability of your pancreas to make enough enzymes. Signs and symptoms may include diarrhea, weight loss, metabolic bone disease, and vitamin or mineral deficiency. Diabetes. Because the pancreas is the organ that produces insulin, damage to it may cause diabetes, and you may need treatment with oral medication or insulin.