Once a client is presented with the HSTS policy, it caches the information for the specified max-age period. During that period, the browser refuses to access the web service over unencrypted HTTP, and refuses to grant exceptions to certificate errors (if the site previously presented a valid, trusted certificate).
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term laser originated as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Managed dark fiber is a form of wavelength division multiplexed to dark fibers where pilot signals are beamed into fiber by the fiber provider for management purposes using transponders tuned to an assigned wavelength. Central management is preferred for a dense wavelength division multiplexed system.