Total costs equal fixed costs plus variable costs. Fixed costs remain stable, especially in the short term, but may vary with a longer time horizon. Fixed costs include building and equipment costs, regulatory fees and salaried personnel. In the long run, even fixed costs can vary.
Education reform is the name given to the goal of changing public education. Historically, reforms have taken different forms because the motivations of reformers have differed. However, since the 1980s, education reform has been focused on changing the existing system from one focused on inputs to one focused on outputs (i.e., student achievement).
Law reform. Law reform or legal reform is the process of examining existing laws, and advocating and implementing changes in a legal system, usually with the aim of enhancing justice or efficiency. Intimately related are law reform bodies or law commissions, which are organizations set up to facilitate law reform.