Â© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. An inverse relationship between household income and violence exposure in youth hasbeen reported in numerous studies (e.g., Garbarino & Crouter, 1978; Gelles, 1992; Gelles& Straus, 1979; Steinberg, Catalano, & Dooley, 1981).
The head, attached to the top of the vertebral column, is balanced, moved, and rotated by the neck muscles (). When these muscles act unilaterally, the head rotates. When they contract bilaterally, the head flexes or extends. The major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head is the sternocleidomastoid.
The superficial muscles are also known as the spinotransversales. There are two muscles in this group â splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. They are both associated with movements of the head and neck. They are located on the posterolateral aspect of the neck, covering the deeper neck muscles. Splenius Capitis