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Gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation is a hole that develops through the wall of a body organ. This problem may occur in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, or gallbladder. Perforation of an organ can be caused by a variety of factors. 1  These include: 2  Appendicitis. 3  Cancer. 4  Crohn disease. 5  Diverticulitis. 6  Gallbladder disease. 7  Peptic ulcer disease. 8  Ulcerative colitis. 9  Bowel blockage. 10  Chemotherapy agents.
The syndrome is commonly associated with the consumption of excessive food and/or alcohol as well as eating disorders such as bulimia. The most common anatomical location of the tear in Boerhaave syndrome is at left posterolateral wall of the lower third of the esophagus, 2â3 cm before the stomach. Currently, the most common cause of esophageal perforation is iatrogenic. However, iatrogenic perforations, while still constituting a serious medical condition, are easier to treat and less prone to complications, particularly mediastinitis and sepsis.