These figures may be an underestimate because many newborns do not receive medical care. In developed countries, the estimated incidence of pneumonia in full-term infants is less than 1 percent. However, among ill infants of normal and low birth weight, the incidence may be closer to 10 percent [5].
Diphenoxylate (INN, BAN) (brand name Diocalm), or diphenoxylate hydrochloride (USAN), is a centrally-active opioid drug of the phenylpiperidine series that is used for the treatment of diarrhea.
Although diphenoxylate is chemically related to narcotics, it does not have pain-relieving (analgesic) actions like most other narcotics. In higher doses, however, like other narcotics, diphenoxylate can cause euphoria (elevation of mood) and physical dependence.