Melatonin receptors are found in the SCN and the pituitary gland of the brain, as well as in the ovaries, blood vessels, and intestinal tract. There is a high concentration of receptors in the SCN because this is where melatonin mediates the majority of its affects on circadian rhythm. The binding of melatonin to its receptors on the pituitary gland and the ovaries appears to play a role in regulating the release of reproductive hormones in females. For example, the timing, length, and frequency of menstrual cycles in women are influenced by melatonin.
The process by which the nervous system bypasses the brain to increase response time is called a A. feedback mechanism. B. contraction. C. reflex. D. hormonal response. The process by which the nervous system bypasses the brain to increase response time is called a REFLEX. Log in to see link for more information.
It always takes two visceral efferent neurons to conduct an impulse from the spinal cord (or brain, in some cases) to a muscle or gland: 1  Visceral efferent 1 (also called the preganglionic neuron) is a multipolar neuron that begins in the gray matter of the spinal cord, which is where its cell body is located. This neuron leaves the cord through the ventral root of a spinal nerve, leaves the spinal nerve via a structure called the white ramus, then ends in an autonomic ganglion (either sympathetic or parasympathetic).