One advantage of the transperitoneal approach to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) is the familiarity of the anatomy to most urologists. An understanding of the ligaments at the upper and lateral borders of each kidney helps in colon mobilization and dissection of the upper renal poles.
polyglandular autoimmune syndrome; PGA syndrome type 1; autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1; autoimmune-polyendocrine-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy syndrome; Disorder Subdivisions. None; General Discussion. APS-1 is a rare and complex inherited disorder of immune-cell dysfunction with multiple autoimmunities. It presents as a constellation of symptoms and side-effects with potentially life-threatening endocrine gland and gastro-intestinal
1 Autoimmune diseases. 2  A variety of different types of autoimmune diseases can produce symptoms of nerve pain and nerve damage. 3  These include multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre barrÃ© (syndrome a rare condition in which the immune system attacks the peripheral), nerves myasthenia, gravis lupus and inflammatory bowel.  disease