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A natural source of nitrogen oxides occurs from a lightning stroke. The very high temperature in the vicinity of a lightning bolt causes the gases oxygen and nitrogen in the air to react to form nitric oxide. N2 + O2 --> NO. The nitric oxide very quickly reacts with more oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide. NO + O2 --> NO2. Both of the nitrogen compounds are known collectively as nitrogen oxides or NOx.
The species of nitrogen that has the highest oxidation number is Nitrogen 5+. Nitrogen 5+ can be seen in use in HNO3 other nitrate salts.