If the Health Savings Account (HSA) owner dies, the HSA becomes the property of the named beneficiary. If the spouse is the beneficiary, the HSA can continue and the surviving spouse is subject to income tax only on HSA distributions not used for qualified medical expenses.
Carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) is an exaggerated response to carotid sinus baroreceptor stimulation. It results in dizziness or syncope from transient diminished cerebral perfusion. Although baroreceptor function usually diminishes with age, some people experience hypersensitive carotid baroreflexes.
The sound stimulating a person's auditory receptors is the proximal stimulus, and the brain's interpretation of this as the ringing of a telephone is the percept. The different kinds of sensation such as warmth, sound, and taste are called  sensory modalities .