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Gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation is a hole that develops through the wall of a body organ. This problem may occur in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, or gallbladder. Perforation of an organ can be caused by a variety of factors. 1  These include: 2  Appendicitis. 3  Cancer. 4  Crohn disease. 5  Diverticulitis. 6  Gallbladder disease. 7  Peptic ulcer disease. 8  Ulcerative colitis. 9  Bowel blockage. 10  Chemotherapy agents.
A perforation is a medical emergency. The most common cause of ulcers is infection of the stomach by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). Most people with peptic ulcers have these bacteria living in their digestive tract. Yet, many people who have these bacteria in their stomach do not develop an ulcer.