One of the greatest metal bands on earth have a few stories to tell. From high school meet-ups to music festivals around the world, Avenged Sevenfold have done it all, remaining one of only a handful of bands that manage to essentially remain as their original lineup despite so much forward momentum.
This is because OBD II standards require O2 sensor PID voltage to be displayed in a range between zero and 1 volt. Newer vehicles will have accurate air fuel sensor voltages. * In generic OBD II what you often see is a percentage of true voltage.
In this case, Z source = Z load, DF = 1/1 = 1. The actual output impedance for most devices is not the same as the rated output impedance. A power amplifier may have a rated impedance of 8 ohms, but the actual output impedance will vary depending on circuit conditions. The rated output impedance is the impedance into which the amplifier can deliver its maximum amount of power without failing.