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Updated February 28, 2017. The Hayward fault is a 90 kilometer long crack in the Earth's crust that travels through the San Francisco Bay area. Its last major rupture occurred in 1868, during California's frontier days, and was the original Great San Francisco Earthquake until 1906.
With both normal and reverse faults, movement occurs vertically. A normal fault is usually associated with plates that are diverging. Tension weakens the crust until the rock fractures, and one block of rock moves downward relative to the other. A reverse fault is usually associated with plates that are colliding. Compression forces a fault block upward. A thrust fault is a special kind of reverse fault where one or more plates are under the ocean. At a thrust fault, a plate below the sea is moving under another plate, thrusting its edge upward. The process of one plate diving under the other is called subduction. Thrust faults can produce larger earthquakes than strike-slip faults.