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Anthrax is caused by bacteria that are a rod shaped organism, Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is a non-motile organism between 1-5 micrometers in length. Upon exposure to air, anthrax forms a spore, which can become airborne to cause infection to exposed individuals. Anthrax spore can cause disease by coming in contact with abraded skin or wounds; inhalation; or ingestion. As anthrax reproduces, it releases three virulence factors: lethal factor, edema factor and antiphagocytic factor. Each of these substances enhances the destruction of cells and resists the immune system.
Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, 1 - 1.2Âµm in width and 3 - 5Âµm in length. It lives in soils worldwide at mesophilic temperatures (10).It can be grown in aerobic or anaerobic conditons (facultative anaerobe) in a medium with essential nutrients, including carbon and nitrogen sources (7).t is similar to Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus thuringiensis in cellular size, morphology, and spore formation (7). Bacillus anthracis is an important organism to study genome sequence because it's used as a biological weapon (1). Genome sequencing can also be useful for the development of vaccines.