Traditionally, some textbooks from the United States used a system of six kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaeabacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria) while textbooks in Great Britain, India, Australia, Latin America and other countries used five kingdoms (Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera).
For other uses, see Placebo (disambiguation) and Placebo effect (disambiguation). The placebo effect can be produced by inert tablets, by sham surgery, and by false information, such as when electrical stimulation is turned off in those with Parkinson's disease implanted brain electrodes.
When bicarbonate levels are higher or lower than normal, it suggests that the body is having trouble maintaining its acid-base balance or that somone has upset their electrolyte balance, perhaps by losing or retaining fluid. Both of these imbalances may be due to a wide range of dysfunctions. Some of the causes of a low bicarbonate level include: 1  Addisonâs disease. 2  Chronic diarrhea. 3  Diabetic ketoacidosis. 4  Metabolic acidosis. 5  Kidney disease. 6  Ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning. 7  Salicylate (aspirin) overdose.