See:Present value. The worth of a future amount of money at specific point in time. If one expects an investment to result in a cash flow at a certain time in the future, calculating the cash flow's present value will help the investor decide whether the investment results in a real profit.
Meaning of Kuma. Japanese name. In Japanese, the name Kuma means - bear.The name Kuma originated as an Japanese name. The name Kuma is most often used as a girl name or female name. Japanese Name Meaning - bear. Origin - Japan.
The meaning of kamma. Etymologically, kamma means work or action. But in the context of the Buddha's teaching it is defined more specifically as action based on intention or deeds willfully done. Actions that are without intention are not considered to be kamma in the Buddha's teaching. This definition is, however, a very general one.