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Color Blindness from Gene Mutations. Inherited color blindness is usually the result of receiving a genetically mutated gene on the X chromosome; however research has shown that mutations that can lead to color blindness originate from in excess of 19 different chromosomes and many different genes.ene mutation on the X chromosome is most common and also explains why (depending on nationality) some 7% of males, but less than 1% of females exhibit color blindness of some form.
The three pigments responsible for detecting light have been shown to vary in their exact chemical composition due to genetic mutation; different individuals will have cones with different color sensitivity. Destruction of the cone cells from disease would result in blindness.