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Anthrax is caused by bacteria that are a rod shaped organism, Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is a non-motile organism between 1-5 micrometers in length. Upon exposure to air, anthrax forms a spore, which can become airborne to cause infection to exposed individuals. Anthrax spore can cause disease by coming in contact with abraded skin or wounds; inhalation; or ingestion. As anthrax reproduces, it releases three virulence factors: lethal factor, edema factor and antiphagocytic factor. Each of these substances enhances the destruction of cells and resists the immune system.
How anthrax spores grow in cultured human tissues. PNNL microbiologist Josh Powell looks at anthrax spores, which have developed into bacteria over the course of 12 hours. At low doses, researchers found growth of spores is lower in human lung cells than rabbits. PNNL microbiologist Josh Powell views anthrax bacteria and spores magnified 400 times.