Most dogs with Lyme disease never show signs of illness. When symptoms do occur, they usually involve limping and lameness, which are caused by pain around the dogâs joints. These signs may wax and wane, but they often come back and, if left untreated, progressively worsen with time.
In the United States, shoes are sized for length and width. Nine widths are available, ranging from AAA (narrowest) to EEE (widest). For men, a D width is considered a medium; for women, a medium is a B width. For comfortable shoe-wearing, it is important to get your width right.
Say Î¸ {\displaystyle \theta } is the average increase in shoe size for upper-class people compared to middle-class people: then the Wald test can be used to test whether Î¸ {\displaystyle \theta } is 0 (in which case social class has no association with shoe size) or non-zero (shoe size varies between social classes).