Electronic speed control. An electronic speed control or ESC is an electronic circuit with the purpose to vary an electric motor's speed, its direction and possibly also to act as a dynamic brake.
The ionosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that reflects radio waves. This effect is caused by the ionization, or electrical charging, of the gas particles present in the upper atmosphere by... The ionosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that reflects radio waves. This effect is caused by the ionization, or electrical charging, of the gas particles present in the upper atmosphere by X-rays and ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun.
Overall, Earth's average albedo is about 30 percent; in other words, about 30 percent of incoming solar radiation is reflected back into space, and 70 percent is absorbed. Earth's radiation budget is a concept that helps us understand how much energy Earth receives from the Sun, and how much energy Earth radiates back to outer space.