However, they are probably best known for the roles they play in the immune systemâs defense against disease-causing organisms. 1  As part of the immune response, cytokines exert their influence over various white blood cells (leukocytes), including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Renal parenchymal echohenicity is a kind of imaging terminology, which can present some renal abnormalities. In most condition, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity indicates that there is a certain degree of kidney damage or renal parenchymal inflammation.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) uses ultrasound to break up kidney stones. There are two sources of pain - from the kidney itself due to the trauma and from passing the stone fragments. The pain from the kidney should be similar to a bruise anywhere. A bit, but not too bad.