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A protein is a polypeptide, a linear polymer of many amino acids, linked by peptide bonds. The peptide linkages, along with the a-carbon atoms to which R-groups are attached, form the protein backbone, with sequence NCCNCCNCCNCC...n an a-helix, the amino acid R-groups protrude out from the helically coiled polypeptide backbone. The surface of an a-helix largely consists of the R-groups of amino acid residues. At right, an a-helix is shown end-on and from the side.
Noun[edit] backbone â(plural backbones) 1  The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals.  Any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure.