We saw in Chapter 15 that a voltage gradient, also called an electric potential, exists across the plasma membrane of all cells. The potential across the plasma membrane of large cells can be measured with a microelectrode inserted inside the cell and a reference electrode placed in the extracellular fluid.
A production company is responsible for the development and filming of a specific production or media broadcast. In entertainment, the production process begins with the development of a specific project.
Production system, any of the methods used in industry to create goods and services from various resources. All production systems, when viewed at the most abstract level, might be said to be âtransformation processesââprocesses that transform resources into useful goods and services.