The extra costs forprenatal care and complicated births among women whosmoke during pregnancy are more than $4 billion ayear. 1 Care for childhood illnesses resulting fromexposure to tobacco smoke costs nearly $8 billion a year.As a result, reducing parental smoking can producesubstantial economic benefits for society.
If the amine and carboxylic acid functional groups in amino acids join together to form amide bonds, a chain of amino acid units, called a peptide, is formed. A simple tetrapeptide structure is shown in the following diagram.
Explain how a peptide bond forms between two amino acids. A peptide bond links the carboxyl group of one amino acid with the amino group. List and describe the three major components of an amino acid. Explain amino acids may be grouped according to the physical and chemical properties of the R group. At the pH in a cell, the amino and carboxyl groups are usually ionized.