One of Pavlov's dogs, preserved at The Pavlov Museum, Ryazan, Russia. The concept for which Pavlov is famous is the  conditioned reflex  (or in his own words the conditional reflex) he developed jointly with his assistant Ivan Filippovitch Tolochinov in 1901. He had come to learn this concept of conditioned reflex when examining the rates of salivations among dogs.
There are 110 calories in 1 large Honeycrisp Apple. Calorie breakdown: 3% fat, 96% carbs, 2% protein.
But be careful, a tablespoon of honey has about 60 calories, and a tablespoon of sugar has about 50. Same with breakfast cereals. The pre-sweetened varieties usually have lots of sugar. Look for brands that have less than 5 grams sugar per serving, and choose the brands with the most fiber.