There was a time when a C meant average. The average GPA at four-year colleges and universities has risen from 2.52 in the 1950s to 3.11 in 2006. And according to Stuart Rojstaczer, a former Duke University professor and founder of GradeInflation.com, GPAs only keep rising. At some colleges, Rojstaczer says, over 50% of the grades given are A's.
Trench warfare was caused by an advance in defensive weaponry. The machine gun was too heavy to be used as a mobile weapon, and therefore was placed into a fixed position. Barbed and concertina wire was also heavily used.
Infectious diseases ruthlessly exploit the conditions. created by war, affecting both armies and civilians. During the Napoleonic wars, eight times more. people in the British army died from disease than. from battle wounds. In the American civil war, two-. thirds of the estimated 660 000 deaths of soldiers. were caused by pneumonia, typhoid, dysentery, and. malaria, and this death toll led to a 2-year extension. of the war. These diseases became known as the. âthird armyâ.