The outer circle of stars shall be so arranged that one star shall appear directly in the middle at the top of the circle, and the word Indiana shall be placed in a half circle over and above the star representing Indiana and midway between it and the star in the center above it.
Mutations in either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can cause mitochondrial disease. Nuclear DNA is packaged into structures called chromosomesâ22 pairs of non-sex related chromosomes (called autosomes) and a single pair of sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males).
1 Mitochondrial disorders: are rare disorders caused by mutations in non-chromosomal DNA located within the mitochondria. ( 2 The mitochondria are subcellular organelles.) These disorders can be found to affect any part of the body including the brain and the muscles.