It is now believed that Munch was inspired by a mummy that he had seen at an exhibition in Paris. The artist used the mummy as a way to recreate the feelings of fear and dread that he felt when the sky turned red.
Underwriting Fee. The compensation that an underwriter receives for placing a new issue with investors. It is calculated as a discount from the price of the new issue. For example, an issuer may sell the underwriter a bond at $990 per bond. The underwriter will then place the issue at $1,000, allowing it to make a $10 profit. This profit is the underwriting fee. It is also called a concession.
underwriting expense ratio. The amount of a company's net premiums that were allocated to underwriting costs, like commissions to agents and brokers, state and municipal taxes, salaries, benefits and other operational expenses. This ratio is determined by dividing the underwriting expenses total by net premiums earned.