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All organisms use the ammonia (NH3) form of nitrogen to manufacture amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other nitrogen-containing components necessary for life. Biological nitrogen fixation is the process that changes inert N2 to biologically useful NH3.
Use of these fertilizers has led to worldwide, ecological problems, such as the formation of coastal dead zones. Biological nitrogen fixation, on the other hand, offers a natural means of providing nitrogen for plants. It is a critical component of many aquatic, as well as terrestrial ecosystems across our biosphere.