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Root cause analysis (RCA) is a method of problem solving used for identifying the root causes of faults or problems.
A root cause is an initiating cause of a causal chain which leads to an outcome or effect of interest. Commonly, root cause is used to describe the depth in the causal chain where an intervention could reasonably be implemented to change performance and prevent an undesirable outcome. [Root cause. Wikipedia] Problem-solving consists of using generic or ad hoc methods, in an orderly manner, for finding solutions to problems.