Ideally, the vaccination should be given 4 weeks before travel. A combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine is also available in Australia. It is given as a course of 3 doses of vaccine: one vaccination is given immediately, the second is given one month later, and the third is given 5 months after that.
Although Haemophilus influenzae is not the cause of influenza, it is still responsible for a number of different clinical diseases in humans. And since it is able to adapt to the penicillin binding protein, it has acquired a level of resistance to the different kinds of penicillin antibiotics. Haemophilus influenzae is a non-motile, Gram-negative, fastidious, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
The bacterium haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative coccobaccilli. It was first thought to be the causative agent of influenza as this microbe was discovered during an outbreak of influenza in 1892 (2). Infection with H. influenzae causes upper respiratory tract symptoms including cough and later, bronchitis (2). In 1970, Hamilton O. Smith, K.W. Wilcox, and Thomas J. Kelly isolated the first Type II restriction enzyme from the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (1, 2).