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Hydrated lime is not a necessary mortar ingredient. You can make mortar with just Portland cement, sand and water. The mortar that I used to permanently attach the brick and stone to my patios did not contain any hydrated lime. But adding hydrated lime to the mortar mix can be beneficial. The plasticity or workability of the mix will improve. When hydrated lime is added to the mix, the sand and the cement do not separate.
While the mixing process is the same for fire clay mortar or refractory mortar, the portions of its materials will vary depending on the type of cement used. The mix for refractory or fire clay mortar is different from typical mortar to compensate for its exposure to high temperatures. Refractory mortar should also not be exposed on the inside part of an oven to minimize its shrinkage.