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Cell voltage. The standard electrical potential of a cell can be determined by the use of a standard potential table for the two half cells involved. The first step is to identify the two metals reacting in the cell. Then one looks up the standard electrode potential, E0, in volts, for each of the two half reactions.
Sodium and chloride also help to determine the resting potential. Sodium is positive and has a concentration gradient set up to flow INTO the cell, and chloride is negative and has a concentration gradient set up to flow INTO the cell. The resting conductance for these two ions is less than that of potassium, but is not zero. Their story (concentration gradient + electrical gradient) is very similar to that of potassium. These ions together determine the resting potential of the cell.