However, they are probably best known for the roles they play in the immune systemâs defense against disease-causing organisms. 1  As part of the immune response, cytokines exert their influence over various white blood cells (leukocytes), including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Renal parenchymal echohenicity is a kind of imaging terminology, which can present some renal abnormalities. In most condition, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity indicates that there is a certain degree of kidney damage or renal parenchymal inflammation.
A kidney ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic exam that produces images, which are used to assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys. Ultrasound may also be used to assess blood flow to the kidneys. Ultrasound uses a transducer that sends out ultrasound waves at a frequency too high to be heard.