Close reading. In literary criticism, close reading is the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of a text. A close reading emphasizes the single and the particular over the general, effected by close attention to individual words, the syntax, and the order in which the sentences unfold ideas, as the reader scans the line of text. In contemporary English practice, the technique of close reading was pioneered by I. A. Richards and his student William Empson; close reading then was technically dev
Jackson Andrew Jackson lost to John Q. Adams before winning a presidency He lost (in the House of Representatives) in 1824 but won in 1828 Previously, Thomas Jefferson had lost in 1796 and won in 1800. Subsequently, William Henry Harrison lost in 1836 but won in 1840, and Richard Nixon lost in 1960 but won in 1968.
William Jennings Bryan. This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of free silver (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900.