Interlingual machine translation is one instance of rule-based machine-translation approaches. In this approach, the source language, i.e. the text to be translated, is transformed into an interlingual language, i.e. a language neutral representation that is independent of any language.
Like a motherboard, a graphics card is a printed circuit board that houses a processor and RAM. It also has an input/output system (BIOS) chip, which stores the card's settings and performs diagnostics on the memory, input and output at startup. A graphics card's processor, called a graphics processing unit (GPU), is similar to a computer's CPU. A GPU, however, is designed specifically for performing the complex mathematical and geometric calculations that are necessary for graphics rendering.
As of 2009, the standard in video cards is the PCI Express. NVIDIA and ATI, the two largest graphics card manufactures, are only producing PCI Express graphics cards. PCI Express has three architectures, with the newest being PCI Express 3.0.