However, they are probably best known for the roles they play in the immune systemâs defense against disease-causing organisms. 1  As part of the immune response, cytokines exert their influence over various white blood cells (leukocytes), including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Renal parenchymal echohenicity is a kind of imaging terminology, which can present some renal abnormalities. In most condition, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity indicates that there is a certain degree of kidney damage or renal parenchymal inflammation.
The microalbuminuria test is a urine test that measures the amount of albumin in your urine. If kidney damage has occurred, albumin will leak into the bloodstream and will be present in the urine. The microalbuminuria test is also known as: 1  the ACR test.2  the albumin-to-creatinine ratio test. 3  the urine albumin test.hen kidney damage occurs, creatinine levels in the urine decrease while albumin levels may increase. Measuring the amount of albumin in the urine is important for detecting the presence of kidney damage. Kidney damage can lead to kidney failure, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis.