We saw in Chapter 15 that a voltage gradient, also called an electric potential, exists across the plasma membrane of all cells. The potential across the plasma membrane of large cells can be measured with a microelectrode inserted inside the cell and a reference electrode placed in the extracellular fluid.
A production company is responsible for the development and filming of a specific production or media broadcast. In entertainment, the production process begins with the development of a specific project.
A holding company is a company that owns other companies' outstanding stock.The term usually refers to a company that does not produce goods or services itself; rather, its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group.Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow the ownership and control of a number of different companies.he term usually refers to a company that does not produce goods or services itself; rather, its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group.