It is now believed that Munch was inspired by a mummy that he had seen at an exhibition in Paris. The artist used the mummy as a way to recreate the feelings of fear and dread that he felt when the sky turned red.
Underwriting Fee. The compensation that an underwriter receives for placing a new issue with investors. It is calculated as a discount from the price of the new issue. For example, an issuer may sell the underwriter a bond at $990 per bond. The underwriter will then place the issue at $1,000, allowing it to make a $10 profit. This profit is the underwriting fee. It is also called a concession.
Underwriting expenses are the costs that an insurance company must pay to remain in operation. These costs are subtracted from the income of insurance companies to calculate net profit. Underwriting expenses can include a wide variety of costs. These expenses are also used by insurance companies to calculate the expense ratio, which is a ratio used to determine the percentage of premiums earned in a given period that must go to underwriting expwnses.