For US minted coins, look for a tiny capital letter somewhere in  the design. For coins minted since 1968, the mint mark is on the  front of the coin. For coins dated 1964 aâ¦nd before, the mint mark  is usually but not always on the back.     D = Denver mint,   S = San Francisco mint,   P or no letter = Philadelphia mint,   W = West Point mint (collectors' coins only).     Pennies are the exception.
Abstract. Viruses are intracellular parasites that use the host cell they infect to produce new infectious progeny. Distinct steps of the virus life cycle occur in association with the cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic membranes, which are often modified during infection.Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce membrane proliferations that support the replication of their genomes.istinct steps of the virus life cycle occur in association with the cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic membranes, which are often modified during infection. Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce membrane proliferations that support the replication of their genomes.
No, transcription and replication are different. DNA replication is the process where one double helix of DNA is duplicated into two identical double helixes which are also identical to the mother DNA.RNA transcription is the process by which a messenger RNA copy of the active strand of a DNA helix is created.I hope that helps. Most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is in the nucleus, and that is where DNA replication and transcription occur. In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts a â¦ lso contain DNA, which performs replication and transcription inside these organelles. In prokaryotic cells there is no nucleus.