However, they are probably best known for the roles they play in the immune systemâs defense against disease-causing organisms. 1  As part of the immune response, cytokines exert their influence over various white blood cells (leukocytes), including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Renal parenchymal echohenicity is a kind of imaging terminology, which can present some renal abnormalities. In most condition, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity indicates that there is a certain degree of kidney damage or renal parenchymal inflammation.
1. Bright spots: Kidney stones show up on ultrasound as bright echogenic foci (white spots) within the substance of the kidney. If the stones are larger than 3 or 4 mm there will be a darker area behind the stone representing an acoustical shadow.. Bright spots: Kidney stones show up on ultrasound as bright echogenic foci (white spots) within the substance of the kidney. If the stones are larger than 3 or 4 mm there will be a darker area behind the stone representing an acoustical shadow.