A new list of the most common words and phrases in the English language in 2013 was overwhelmingly negative. 404 â as in the error message that appears when a web page can't load â and toxic politics both earned top spots, with surveillance, drones and federal shutdown also appearing on the list, from Global Language Monitor.
3. 5 The Internal combustion engine (Otto Cycle) [vw, s & b: 9.13] The Otto cycle is a set of processes used by spark ignition internal combustion engines (2-stroke or 4-stroke cycles).
In the ideal Otto cycle, this compression is considered to be isentropic. It is at this stage that we set the volumetric compression ratio, r which is the ratio of the volume of the working fluid before the compression process to its volume after.