However, they are probably best known for the roles they play in the immune systemâs defense against disease-causing organisms. 1  As part of the immune response, cytokines exert their influence over various white blood cells (leukocytes), including lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
Renal parenchymal echohenicity is a kind of imaging terminology, which can present some renal abnormalities. In most condition, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity indicates that there is a certain degree of kidney damage or renal parenchymal inflammation.
What It Is. A renal ultrasound is a safe and painless test that uses sound waves to make images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located toward the back of the abdominal cavity, just above the waist. They remove waste products from the blood and produce urine.