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Separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances.
Two important aspects of the U.S. Constitutionâfederalism and the separation of powersârepresent, in part, the framersâ efforts to divide governmental power. Federalism limits government by creating two sovereign powersâthe national government and state governmentsâthereby restraining the influence of both.Separation of powers imposes internal limits by dividing government against itself, giving different branches separate functions and forcing them to share power.ederalism limits government by creating two sovereign powersâthe national government and state governmentsâthereby restraining the influence of both. Separation of powers imposes internal limits by dividing government against itself, giving different branches separate functions and forcing them to share power.