Describe the effects of those failure modes. For each failure mode identified the engineer should determine what the ultimate effect will be. A failure effect is defined as the result of a failure mode on the function of the product/process as perceived by the customer.
In 2015, Oslo has a population of 648,000. The city proper has a population density of 1,400 people per square kilometer (3,700/square mile). The urban are has a population of 952,000 with an even higher density of 3,300 people per square kilometer (8,500/square mile).
Istanbul's 2017 population is now estimated at 14,557,000. In 1950, the population of Istanbul was 967,000. Istanbul has grown by 393,000 in the last year, which represents a 2.80% change. These population estimates and projections come from the latest revision of the UN World Urbanization Prospects.