Produced by Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin (CT) is a multimeric enterotoxin that transfers ADP-ribose to a G protein, locking adenylate cyclase in an 'on' position.
Starfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins all belong to a group (phylum) of invertebrates known as echinoderms. The word echinoderm means spiny skin, which describes most of the organisms in this phylum.tarfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins all belong to a group (phylum) of invertebrates known as echinoderms. The word echinoderm means spiny skin, which describes most of the organisms in this phylum.
The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or stone lilies. Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone.he planktotrophic larva is considered to be the ancestral larval type for echinoderms but after 500 million years of larval evolution, about 68% of species whose development is known have a lecithotrophic larval type.