Low total calcium (hypocalcemia). The most common cause of low total calcium is: 1  Low blood protein levels, especially a low level of albumin, which can result from liver disease or malnutrition, both of which may result from alcoholism or other illnesses.2  Low albumin is also very common in people who are acutely ill. urine calcium test may be ordered when someone has symptoms of kidney stones, such as a sharp pain in the person's side or back around the kidneys, pain that may progress to lower in the abdomen, and/or blood in the urine.
A pacemaker is implanted under the skin, usually on the left side of the chest below the collarbone. The procedure takes about an hour, and most patients go home within a day. Types of pacemakers vary; some correct a slow heartbeat, while others stop an irregular heartbeat or stop severe heart failure.
The programmer can also be used to change the controls of the pacemaker. A pacemaker battery usually lasts 7 to 8 years. When the battery runs down, a new pacemaker will be implanted. The surgery to replace the old pacemaker with a new one usually requires a local anesthetic.