A summary court-martial is not permitted if the accused objects to that forum . Maximum punishments for E-4 and below: reduction to E-1, forfeiture of 2/3 pay for one month, and either 60 days of restriction, 45 days of hard labor without confinement, or 30 days confinement.
Tax exemption. Tax exemption refers to a monetary exemption which reduces taxable income. Tax exempt status can provide complete relief from taxes, reduced rates, or tax on only a portion of items.
A personal exemption (not to be confused with the Health Care penalty exemption) is tax-free money you get to deduct from your income for every taxpayer and dependent claimed on your return. For 2016, the exemption is $4,050 per person, which means a jointly-filing couple with 2 dependents get an exemption of $16,200 (4 people x $4,050). This amount is subject to a phaseout, or reduction, once you go above a certain AGI level (for example, on joint returns the phaseout kicks in at $311,300).