Vertical Stretches. To stretch a graph vertically, place a coefficient in front of the function. This coefficient is the amplitude of the function. For example, the amplitude of y = f (x) = sin(x) is one. The amplitude of y = f (x) = 3 sin(x) is three. Compare the two graphs below. The amplitude of the graph of any periodic function is one-half the absolute value of the sum of the maximum and minimum values of the function. Figure %: The sine curve is stretched vertically when multiplied by a coefficient.
In most cases, foot cramps are due to fatigue or stress on the foot. Overworked feet can lead to muscle spasms, especially if you are not getting enough water and nutrients. Foot cramps are most common among athletes and older adults, but they can occur to anyone at any age, including children.
But most of the time, toe cramps have a few common causes and can be treated with some DIY interventions. The Causes. Toe cramps have various triggers, but overuse, dehydration, and mineral deficiencies (particularly, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) are some of the most common culprits, according to Kim. When you exercise, you sweat out the minerals your muscles need. And that deficiency causes muscle contractions or spasms, which we call cramps. If you've gone for a long run, overexerted yourself, or overtrained, toe cramps are your muscles telling you to dial it back because they can't take the strain, says Kim.