When considering classical mathematics, the Greeks must be a main focus of our attention. In fact, the primary reason for discussing earlier mathematics is to understand what the Greeks inherited and what they left to their posterity.
The organisms that engage in primary succession are known as pioneer species. Typical pioneer species include simple lichens, algae, and fungi. These simple organisms begin breaking down the resources in the environment and make it suitable for the later introduction of more complex species, such as vascular plants.
The first stage of succession is known as the pioneer community. At this stage, a relatively few, very simple species exist within the ecosystem. These plants may be as simple as mosses and lichens and break down the underlying substrate to help establish an environment that other, more complex plants can grow in.rassland Stage. The second stage is characterized by the emergence of plants including annual herbs, grasses and small shrubs. These plants are fast growing and usually opportunistic. They are very prolific, producing millions of seeds which help to establish their dominant position in the plant community.