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Prophylactic: A preventive measure. The word comes from the Greek for an advance guard, an apt term for a measure taken to fend off a disease or another unwanted consequence. A prophylactic is a medication or a treatment designed and used to prevent a disease from occurring.
In terms of medications, prior to surgery, an antibiotic may be given to prevent infections at the surgical site. Antibiotics are a category of drugs used to combat bacteria, and they are generally given orally (in pill form), or intravenously (through an IV). The selection of the antibiotic depends on the type of surgery a person is having, and its purpose is to prevent an infection at the surgical site.