ST. LOUIS -- When the Boston Red Sox signed Mike Napoli this past winter, there were a number of possible outcomes. He could hit a little, the way he had in 2012, putting up an OPS+ of 113. He could hit a lot, like he had in 2011, with a 173 OPS+ and 30 home runs. Most likely, he'd fall somewhere in between.
The fourth quantum number is the spin quantum number, s. There are only two values for s, +Â½ and -Â½. These are also referred to as 'spin up' and 'spin down'. This number is used to explain behavior of individual electrons as if they were spinning in a clockwise or counterclockwise.
A quantum dot (QD) is a crystal of semiconductor material whose diameter is on the order of several nanometers-a size which results in its free charge carriers experiencing quantum confinement in all three spatial dimensions.s the confinement energy depends on the quantum dots size, both absorption onset and fluorescence emission can be tuned by changing the size of the quantum dot during its synthesis. The larger the dot, the redder (lower energy) its absorption onset and fluorescence spectrum.