When considering classical mathematics, the Greeks must be a main focus of our attention. In fact, the primary reason for discussing earlier mathematics is to understand what the Greeks inherited and what they left to their posterity.
The organisms that engage in primary succession are known as pioneer species. Typical pioneer species include simple lichens, algae, and fungi. These simple organisms begin breaking down the resources in the environment and make it suitable for the later introduction of more complex species, such as vascular plants.
Print Word PDF. Pioneer species are the first species to enter an area after a disturbance. They are the colonizers. The pioneer species are the first stages of ecological succession, which is a series of changes over time in the types of organisms in an ecosystem. Common pioneer species include bacteria, fungi and lichens. Pioneer species usually have the ability to live in harsh environments where other species cannot survive.