Describe the effects of those failure modes. For each failure mode identified the engineer should determine what the ultimate effect will be. A failure effect is defined as the result of a failure mode on the function of the product/process as perceived by the customer.
In 2015, Oslo has a population of 648,000. The city proper has a population density of 1,400 people per square kilometer (3,700/square mile). The urban are has a population of 952,000 with an even higher density of 3,300 people per square kilometer (8,500/square mile).
The average winter temperature in Oslo is only about minus 4 degrees Celsius (around 23 Â°Fahrenheit), which is a bit warmer than the winter temperatures of most American and European cities. Visitors however should be prepared for frost from late October until late March/early April.