Typically, parliamentary republics are states that were previously constitutional monarchies with a parliamentary system, with the position of head of state hitherto a monarch. Following the defeat of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War, France once again became a republic-the French Third Republic-in 1870.
Overview. Makes a reader feel like a time traveler plopped down among men who were by turns vicious and visionary.--The Christian Science Monitor. The modern American economy was the creation of four men: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan. They were the giants of the Gilded Age, a moment of riotous growth that established America as the richest, most inventive, and most productive country on the planet. Acclaimed author ...
Andrew Carnegie (/kÉrËneÉªÉ¡i/ kar-NAY-gee, but commonly /ËkÉrnÉ¨É¡i/ KAR-nÉ-gee or /kÉrËnÉÉ¡i/ kar-NEG-ee; November 25, 1835 â August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century.n the following year, Carnegie gave $40,000 for the establishment of a free library in Dunfermline. In 1884, he gave $50,000 to Bellevue Hospital Medical College (now part of New York University Medical Center) to found a histological laboratory, now called the Carnegie Laboratory.