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The Structure of Criminal Justice. The phrase criminal justice system refers to a collection of federal, state, and local public agencies that deal with the crime problem. These agencies process suspects, defendants, and convicted offenders and are interdependent insofar as the decisions of one agency affect other agencies.
The Canadian judicial system is a unified system. That means all courts are part of the same system. The Supreme Court of Canada has final authority throughout Canada. On the other hand, the U.S. has two parallel and sovereign judicial systems. The U.S. federal justice system applies federal law, while the state systems are sovereign over the interpretation of state law. In Canada, judges are appointed by the government. In many American jurisdictions, judges are elected.