When considering classical mathematics, the Greeks must be a main focus of our attention. In fact, the primary reason for discussing earlier mathematics is to understand what the Greeks inherited and what they left to their posterity.
The organisms that engage in primary succession are known as pioneer species. Typical pioneer species include simple lichens, algae, and fungi. These simple organisms begin breaking down the resources in the environment and make it suitable for the later introduction of more complex species, such as vascular plants.
For instance, a new community of forest trees introduces shade to its ecosystem, or a previous community of vegetation that changed the fertility of the soil. Succession may arise from the formation of new, unoccupied habitat (e.g. a lava flow or a severe landslide).This kind of succession in which the sequential development of plant or animal communities in an area where no soil initially exists is called primary succession.Succession may also be initiated by a disturbance of an existing community (e.g. fire, severe windthrow, logging).This kind of succession where communities develop in areas where soil already exists is called secondary succession.or instance, a new community of forest trees introduces shade to its ecosystem, or a previous community of vegetation that changed the fertility of the soil. Succession may arise from the formation of new, unoccupied habitat (e.g. a lava flow or a severe landslide).