Typically, parliamentary republics are states that were previously constitutional monarchies with a parliamentary system, with the position of head of state hitherto a monarch. Following the defeat of Napoleon III in the Franco-Prussian War, France once again became a republic-the French Third Republic-in 1870.
Overview. Makes a reader feel like a time traveler plopped down among men who were by turns vicious and visionary.--The Christian Science Monitor. The modern American economy was the creation of four men: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan. They were the giants of the Gilded Age, a moment of riotous growth that established America as the richest, most inventive, and most productive country on the planet. Acclaimed author ...
Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) 14. Bill Clinton (1993-2001) Republicans: 18 1. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865) 2. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877) 3. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) 4. James A. Garfield (1881) 5. Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) 6. Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) 7.