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LEARNING OBJECTIVES. A. When an economy is closed then (1) aggregate spending must equal domestic production, and (2) national saving must equal domestic investment. B. When the economy is open, these conditions do not have to hold.a. Aggregate spending does not have to equal domestic production in each period.II. Relation between Saving, Investment, foreign trade, and foreign lending. Case 1. In a Small Open Economy. A. Small open economy: an economy which its saving/investment activities have no effect on the world real interest rate. 1. World real interest rate (rw) is determined in the international financial market. 2.
A market economy is an economic system in which individuals own most of the resources - land, labor, and capital - and control their use through voluntary decisions made in the marketplace. It is a system in which the government plays a small role. In this type of economy, two forces - self-interest and competition - play a very important role. The role of self interest and competition was described by economist Adam Smith over 200 years ago and still serves as foundational to our understanding of how market economies function.