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There were 13 dynasties that ruled ancient China. They are as follows: 1. Xia dynasty. Xia dynasty is considered to be the first dynasty in ancient China which lasted for almost 500 years including the rule of 17 emperors. This dynasty was set up by Yu the great under the system of choosing emperors based on their abilities. Such a system was called Abdication system.
It meant that the gods had blessed that person with the right to rule. A ruler had to be a good and just ruler to keep the Mandate of Heaven. When a ruler or dynasty lost power, this meant that they must also have lost the Mandate of Heaven. Major Dynasties. Here are the major dynasties in the history of Ancient China: Xia (2205 to 1575 BC) - The first dynasty in China, very little is known about the Xia.