Produced by Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin (CT) is a multimeric enterotoxin that transfers ADP-ribose to a G protein, locking adenylate cyclase in an 'on' position.
Starfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins all belong to a group (phylum) of invertebrates known as echinoderms. The word echinoderm means spiny skin, which describes most of the organisms in this phylum.tarfish, sand dollars, and sea urchins all belong to a group (phylum) of invertebrates known as echinoderms. The word echinoderm means spiny skin, which describes most of the organisms in this phylum.
Heteraster texanus Sea Biscuit Cretaceous age Fossil Texas Echinoderm ech01 Sea urchins (echinoids) are a sea dwelling class of echinoderm related to the starfish, brittle star, crinoid, and sea cucumber. For lots more information on sea urchins, click here. This type of echinoid is called a sea biscuit.