There are about 40 phonemes, or sound units, in English, thanks to the many ways that the 26 letters of the alphabet can be used and arranged. For instance, the phoneme or sound /f/ can be spelled using the letters f, ff, or ph.
(January 2017) A biointerface is the region of contact between a biomolecule, cell, biological tissue or living organism or organic material considered living with another biomaterial or inorganic/organic material. The motivation for biointerface science stems from the urgent need to increase the understanding of interactions between biomolecules and surfaces.
Bioengineering is the branch of engineering in which the engineering principles are applied to define and solve problems in biology and medicine. It is basic research oriented activity carried out using the tools and principles of the physical sciences to develop a better understanding of biological systems. Bioengineering is the application of engineering principles to living structures, such as creating artificial organs, chemicals, drugs and tissues.