When considering classical mathematics, the Greeks must be a main focus of our attention. In fact, the primary reason for discussing earlier mathematics is to understand what the Greeks inherited and what they left to their posterity.
The organisms that engage in primary succession are known as pioneer species. Typical pioneer species include simple lichens, algae, and fungi. These simple organisms begin breaking down the resources in the environment and make it suitable for the later introduction of more complex species, such as vascular plants.
Because pioneer species are the first to return after a disturbance, they are the first stage of succession and their presence increases the diversity in a region.They are usually a hardy plant, algae or moss that can withstand a hostile environment.ecause pioneer species are the first to return after a disturbance, they are the first stage of succession and their presence increases the diversity in a region.