Caledon Hockley. Caledon Nathan Hockley, often shortened to Cal, (1880's-1929) was Rose's fiancÃ© and the main antagonist of the film Titanic.
The mandate has substantive purposes as well. The mandate controls which court has jurisdiction over the case and what can further happen in the case. Particularly where the appellate court has ordered further proceedings, being aware of the mandate is critical to preparing for those proceedings.
Precedent that must be applied or followed is known as binding precedent (alternately metaphorically precedent, mandatory or binding authority, etc.). Under the doctrine of stare decisis, a lower court must honor findings of law made by a higher court that is within the appeals path of cases the court hears. court may consider the ruling of a higher court that is not binding. For example, a district court in the United States First Circuit could consider a ruling made by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit as persuasive authority.