Or, for a medical example, suppose smoking multiplies the risk of lung cancer by some number R: then the Wald test can be used to test whether R = 1 (i.e. there is no effect of smoking) or is greater (or less) than 1 (i.e. smoking alters risk).
There are more than 900 species of Tardigrade or Water Bear, pictured. They're found everywhere in the world, from the highest mountains to the deepest oceans. Boil the 1mm creatures, freeze them, dry them, expose them to radiation and they're so resilient they'll still be alive 200 years later.
Water fleas live in fresh water lakes, streams, ponds, puddles, and swamps.[11] Since water fleas are filter feeders, they are certainly not predators. The water flea makes a sort of jumping motion with it's appendages. If it didn't make this motion, it would sink right to the bottom.