APA Style Guide: In-text Examples. American Psychological Association rules for formatting papers, in-text citations, and end references. Examples based on the sixth edition of the Publication Manual from the APA.
Cystocele (Fallen Bladder). Cystocele is the name for a disorder in women that occurs when the wall between the bladder and the vagina weakens, causing the bladder to drop or sag into the vagina.ystocele (Fallen Bladder). Cystocele is the name for a disorder in women that occurs when the wall between the bladder and the vagina weakens, causing the bladder to drop or sag into the vagina.
A lateral-defect cystocele occurs when the attachment of the bladder to the pelvic side wall weakens (the vesicopelvic fascia becomes detached from the tendinous arc). The most common defect is a combined central and lateral defect followed by a lateral defect alone, followed by a central defect alone. As a cystocele progresses, the amount of descent into the roof of the vagina increases. Cystoceles are graded as follows: GRADE 1= mild. GRADE 2= bladder to vaginal opening (introitus) with strain. GRADE 3= bladder outside vaginal opening with strain. GRADE 4= bladder outside vaginal opening at all times. The symptoms of a cystocele are typically one or more of the following: a bulge or lump protruding from the vagina. kinking of the urethra causing obstruction and hence: the need for âmanual reductionâ (pushing back) of the cystocele in order to urinate.