title: 98/247/ΕΚΑΧ: Απόφαση της Επιτροπής της 21ης Ιανουαρίου 1998 σχετικά με διαδικασία εφαρμογής του άρθρου 65 της συνθήκης ΕΚΑΧ (Υπόθεση IV/35.814 - Προσαύξηση της τιμής του κράματος) (Τα κείμενα στην ισπανική, γερμανική, γαλλική, ιταλική, ολλανδική και σουηδική γλώσσα είναι τα μόνα αυθεντικά) (Κείμενο που παρουσιάζει ενδιαφέρον για τον ΕΟΧ)

eurovoc_concepts:
ECSC Treaty
fine
infringement of EU law
iron and steel industry
restriction on competition
sanction (EU)

text: 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/55 II (Pq˜aneir cia tgm isw˜u tym opo˜iym dem apaite˜itai dglos˜ieusg) EPITQOPG APOVASG TGS EPITQOPGS tgr 21gr Iamouaq˜iou 1998 swetij ˜a le diadijas˜ia evaqloc ˜gr tou ˜aqhqou 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW (Up ˜ohesg IV/35. 814 — Pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator) (Ta je˜ilema stgm ispamij ˜g, ceqlamij ˜g, cakkij ˜g, itakij ˜g, okkamdij ˜g jai sougdij ˜g ck ˜yssa e˜imai ta l ˜oma auhemtij ˜a) (Je˜ilemo pou paqousi ˜afei emdiav ˜eqom cia tom EOW) (98/247/EJAW) G EPITQOPG TYM EUQYPA˘IJYM JOIMOTGTYM, ˜Ewomtar up ˜oxg: tg sumh ˜gjg cia tgm ˜idqusg tgr Euqypaˇij ˜gr Joim ˜otgtar ˜Amhqaja jai W ˜akuba, jai id˜iyr to ˜aqhqo 65, ta stoiwe˜ia pou ˜ewoum diabibashe˜i stgm Epitqop ˜g jai tgm epak ˜gheusg aut ˜ym jat’ evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 47 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, tir cqapt ˜er paqatgq ˜gseir ep˜i tgr paqo ˜usar up ˜ohesgr oi opo˜ier ˜ewoum upobkghe˜i s ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 36 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, jah ˜yr jai to cecom ˜or ˜oti ta l ˜eqg paqait ˜ghgjam epis ˜glyr ap ˜o to dija˜iyl ˜a tour ma upob ˜akoum pqovoqij ˜er paqatgq ˜gseir, Ejtil ˜ymtar ta en ˜gr: I. TA PQACLATIJA PEQISTATIJA (2) (1) A. Diadijas˜ia Let ˜a tg dglos˜ieusg swetij ˜ym pkgqovoqi ˜ym se enei- dijeul ˜ema ˜emtupa jai tg diat ˜upysg amep˜isglym jatacceki ˜ym ej l ˜eqour oqisl ˜emym jatamakyt ˜ym, g Epitqop ˜g dien ˜gcace ˜eqeuma le amtije˜ilemo tgm evaq- loc ˜g ej l ˜eqour tym paqacyc ˜ym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba joim ˜gr a ˜ungsgr tym til ˜ym, g opo˜ia e˜imai cmyst ˜g yr «pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator». Dum ˜alei tou ˜aqhqou 47 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, g Epitqop ˜g f ˜gtgse, stir 16 Laqt˜iou 1995, ap ˜o leqijo ˜ur paqacy- co ˜ur ma tgr diabib ˜asoum poij˜ika pkgqovoqiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia amavoqij ˜a le tir em k ˜ocy letabok ˜er tym til ˜ym, tour t ˜upour ˜g tir leh ˜odour upokocislo ˜u pou wqgsilopoio ˜umtai pqojeil ˜emou ma jahoqiste˜i to ˜uxor tym evaqlost ˜eym til ˜ym, tir sumh ˜gjer jai tgm gleqolgm˜ia pq ˜ytgr evaqloc ˜gr tgr em k ˜ocy leh ˜odou, jah ˜yr ep˜isgr tir di ˜avoqer evaqloc ˜er ˜g tqopopoi ˜g- seir pou ˜ewoum ep ˜ekhei ˜ejtote. Le b ˜asg ta stoiwe˜ia pou sucjemtq ˜yhgjam, jah ˜yr jai, eidij ˜oteqa, amt˜icqava tym ecjujk˜iym epistok ˜ym pou oi paqacyco˜i ˜esteikam stour pek ˜ater tour amajoim ˜ymomt ˜ar tour tgm tqopopo˜igsg tym stoi- we˜iym pou wqgsile ˜uoum yr b ˜asg cia tom upokocisl ˜o tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tym jqal ˜atym, g Epitqop ˜g apg ˜uhume, stir 19 Dejelbq˜iou 1995, pqor 19 epiweiq ˜gseir amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜aseym. til ˜gr tgr Avo ˜u ˜ekabam cm ˜ysg tym dedol ˜emym tgr up ˜ohesgr, oi em k ˜ocy epiweiq ˜gseir diab˜ibasam tir apamt ˜gseir tour stir aiti ˜aseir aut ˜er stir aqw ˜er tou 1996. Oi em k ˜ocy apamt ˜gseir od ˜gcgsam tgm Epitqop ˜g stg dienacyc ˜g jai m ˜eym eqeum ˜ym. Dien ˜gwhgsam epakghe ˜u- seir jat’ evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 47 tgr sumh ˜gjgr stir ecjatast ˜aseirr tym epiweiq ˜gseym Acerinox, ALZ, Avesta Sheffield, Krupp, Thyssen, Outokumpu jai Usinor Sacilor. Pkgqovoqiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia fgt ˜ghgjam ap ˜o tir epiweiq ˜gseir Acerinox, Acciai Speciali Terni, ALZ, B(cid:148)hler, Olarra, Outokumpu jai Usinor Sacilor. Oi epiweiq ˜gseir pqor tir opo˜ier apeuh ˜umetai g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg dem paq ˜ekeixam ma upob ˜akoum tir paqatgq ˜gseir tour stg m ˜ea amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜a- seym pou g Epitqop ˜g tour apg ˜uhume stir 24 Apqi- k˜iou 1997 jai le tgm opo˜ia jat ˜estg am˜iswuqg jai amtijatast ˜ahgje g amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜aseym tgr 19gr Dejelbq˜iou 1995. Le tir apamt ˜gseir tour, oi epiweiq ˜gseir aut ˜er paqait ˜ghgjam epis ˜glyr ap ˜o to dija˜iyl ˜a tour ma amapt ˜unoum jai pqovoqij ˜a sto pka˜isio ajq ˜oasgr tgm epiweiqglatokoc˜ia tour. L 100/56 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 B. Ta pqoiˇ ˜omta C. G ceycqavij ˜g acoq ˜a amavoq ˜ar (3) (4) (5) O amone˜idytor w ˜akubar apoteke˜i idia˜iteqo e˜idor w ˜akuba, le j ˜uqio waqajtgqistij ˜o tgm amtow ˜g stg di ˜abqysg. G idi ˜otgta aut ˜g tou pqosd˜idetai l ˜esy tgr wqgsilopo˜igsgr diav ˜oqym stoiwe˜iym jq ˜alator (wqyl˜iou, mijek˜iou, lokubdaim˜iou) jat ˜a tg diadija- s˜ia paqacyc ˜gr. S ˜ulvyma le tom jam ˜oma EN 10020: 5. 222. 1 tgr Euqypaˇij ˜gr Epitqop ˜gr Tupopo˜igsgr, stour amone˜idytour w ˜akuber jatat ˜assomtai oi w ˜aku- ber oi opo˜ioi peqi ˜ewoum wq ˜ylio se posost ˜o 10,5 % touk ˜awistom jai ˜amhqaja se posost ˜o ˜owi lecak ˜u- teqo ap ˜o 1,2 %. En ˜akkou, am ˜akoca le ta stoiwe˜ia jq ˜alator pou tour apaqt˜ifoum, oi amone˜idytoi w ˜aku- ber diajq˜imomtai se tqeir basijo ˜ur t ˜upour: — tour ystemitijo ˜ur w ˜akuber, tym opo˜iym g basij ˜g poi ˜otgta peqi ˜ewei wq ˜ylio se posost ˜o 18 % jai mij ˜ekio se posost ˜o 8 %, — tour veqqitijo ˜ur w ˜akuber, oi opo˜ioi e˜imai dumat ˜o ma peqi ˜ewoum wq ˜ylio se posost ˜o ˜eyr 30 %, — tour laqtemsitijo ˜ur w ˜akuber, oi opo˜ioi peqi ˜ewoum wq ˜ylio se posost ˜o ˜eyr 14 %. Jah ˜emar ap ˜o tour amyt ˜eqy t ˜upour pqooq˜ifetai cia diavoqetij ˜g wq ˜gsg. O amone˜idytor w ˜akubar wqgsilopoie˜itai up ˜o loqv ˜g pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym (se v ˜ukka ˜g q ˜okour, heql ˜gr ˜g xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr) ˜g epil ˜gjym pqoˇi ˜omtym (se q ˜abdour, womdq ˜osuqla ˜g e˜idg jahoqisl ˜emgr loqv ˜gr, heql ˜gr ˜ekasgr ˜g tekeiyl ˜ema). Ta pke˜ista ap ˜o ta em k ˜ocy pqoˇi ˜omta e˜imai pqoˇi ˜omta EJAW jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 81 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. Ta pkat ˜ea pqoˇi ˜omta amtipqosype ˜uoum to 82 % tym pyk ˜gseym tekij ˜ym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. Ta pkat ˜ea pqoˇi ˜omta eke ˜uheqgr svuqgkas˜iar up ˜o ˜g taimioek ˜aslata loqv ˜g q ˜okym (vaqdi ˜er taim˜ier heql ˜gr ˜ekasgr) amtipqosype ˜uoum to 93 % tym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym. To up ˜okoipo posost ˜o amtistoi- we˜i sta womdq ˜a ek ˜aslata (kalaq˜imer) ta opo˜ia jatasjeu ˜afomtai ˜ema pqor ˜ema (ek ˜aslata jou ˜aqto). To 70 % peq˜ipou tym vaqdi ˜ym taimi ˜ym heql ˜gr ˜ekasgr upob ˜akkomtai stg sum ˜eweia se xuwq ˜g ˜ekasg le sjop ˜o tg le˜iysg tou p ˜awour tour jai tgm pq ˜osdosg se aut ˜er oqisl ˜emym idia˜iteqym idiot ˜gtym. G acoq ˜a tym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba waqajtgq˜ifetai ap ˜o uxgk ˜g sucj ˜emtqysg. Stgm Joim ˜otgta up ˜aqwoum l ˜omom ˜eni epiweiq ˜gseir ˜g ˜olikoi pou paq ˜acoum vaqdi ˜er taim˜ier heql ˜gr ˜ekasgr jai ek ˜aslata xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr. Oi p ˜emte ap ˜o tir epwei- q ˜gseir aut ˜er paq ˜acoum ep˜isgr ek ˜aslata jou ˜aqto. up ˜ohesg Stgm Krupp/Thyssen/Riva/Falck/Tadfin/ AST(1), g Epitqop ˜g diap˜istyse ˜oti, le b ˜asg tir ejti- l ˜gseir tym paqacyc ˜ym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba, sto sucjejqil ˜emo jk ˜ado uv˜istatai sglamtij ˜g pkeom ˜a- fousa paqacycij ˜g ijam ˜otgta, g opo˜ia pqobk ˜epetai ma diatgqghe˜i jat ˜a ta pqosew ˜g ˜etg. (6) G paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg apeuh ˜umetai stir epiweiq ˜gseir oi opo˜ier paq ˜acoum pkat ˜ea pqoˇi ˜omta jai avoq ˜a apojkeistij ˜a ta pqoˇi ˜omta EJAW, dgkad ˜g ta pkat ˜ea pqoˇi ˜omta heql ˜gr ˜ekasgr, jah ˜yr jai ta xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr pk ˜atour touk ˜awistom 500 mm. (7) (8) (9) Se amt˜ihesg le to w ˜akuba uxgk ˜gr peqiejtij ˜otgtar se ˜amhqaja, o opo˜ior heyqe˜itai yr pqoˇi ˜om se v ˜asg joqeslo ˜u, g acoq ˜a tym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba enajokouhe˜i ma epejte˜imetai. Ap ˜o to 1950, g paqacyc ˜g w ˜akuba amenaqt ˜gtyr poi ˜otgtar aun ˜ametai se posost ˜o 2,4 % etgs˜iyr, em ˜y g paqacyc ˜g amone˜i- dytou w ˜akuba aunam ˜otam le quhl ˜o 5,8 % etgs˜iyr. Jat ˜a to ˜idio wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla ˜akkanam oi spoudai- ˜oteqer peqiv ˜eqeier paqacyc ˜gr jai jatam ˜akysgr, dedol ˜emou ˜oti ap ˜o ta l ˜esa tgr dejaet˜iar tou 1960 jai let ˜a g B ˜oqeia Aleqij ˜g uposjek˜istgje ap ˜o tg Dutij ˜g Euq ˜ypg (EJ jai EFES) jai tgm Iapym˜ia. S ˜gleqa, g f ˜ymg ˜emtomgr am ˜aptungr emtop˜ifetai stir pqosv ˜atyr ejbiolgwamishe˜iser w ˜yqer, stir opo˜ier to et ˜gsio posost ˜o am ˜aptungr tgr acoq ˜ar e˜imai tgr t ˜aneyr tou 16 %. Oqisl ˜emoi euqypa˜ioi paqacyco˜i apov ˜asisam ma euhucqallisho ˜um le tgm t ˜asg aut ˜g, epemd ˜uomtar stir f ˜ymer oi opo˜ier e˜imai jahaqo˜i eisa- cyce˜ir (Aleqij ˜g jai Motioamatokij ˜g As˜ia). Oi enacyc ˜er tym euqypaˇij ˜ym epiweiq ˜gseym ejt ˜or Dutij ˜gr Euq ˜ypgr amtipqosype ˜uoum posost ˜o 25 % peq˜ipou tym sumokij ˜ym tour pyk ˜gseym. Amtih ˜etyr oi eisacyc ˜er amone˜idytou w ˜akuba stgm Dutij ˜g Euq ˜ypg amtipqosype ˜uoum posost ˜o jat ˜yteqo tou 5 % tgr jatam ˜akysgr stg Dutij ˜g Euq ˜ypg. ˜akka molij ˜gr G ceycqavij ˜g acoq ˜a amavoq ˜ar e˜imai g Dutij ˜g Euq ˜ypg (EJ jai EFES). Dem uv˜istamtai o ˜ute teky- meiajo˜i daslo˜i, o ˜ute ˜g tewmij ˜gr v ˜useyr elp ˜odia cia tir eisacyc ˜err letan ˜u tgr EFES jai tgr Joim ˜otgtar, jai, lokom ˜oti j ˜ahe paqacyc ˜or jat ˜ewei uxgk ˜o leq˜idio tgr amt˜istoiwgr ecw ˜yqiar acoq ˜ar, oi sumakkac ˜er letan ˜u jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym e˜imai sglamtij ˜er. Amtih ˜etyr, oi eisacyc ˜er ap ˜o tq˜iter w ˜yqer e˜imai swetij ˜a peqioqisl ˜emer. Se ˜o,ti avoq ˜a ta ˜ekasgr, stgm pqolmglomeuhe˜isa pqoˇi ˜omta xuwq ˜gr ap ˜ovasg cia tgm AST(2) diatupym ˜otam g ejt˜ilgsg ˜oti aut ˜a amtistoiwo ˜um se posost ˜o 3 % tgr sumokij ˜gr jatam ˜akysgr. D. Ta l ˜eqg Oi epiweiq ˜gseir Acerinox SA, ALZ NV, Acciai Speciali Terni SpA, Avesta Sheffield AB, Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH jai Usinor Sacilor SA amtipqosype ˜uoum to 90 % swed ˜om tgr euqypaˇij ˜gr paqacyc ˜gr pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba up ˜o loqv ˜g q ˜okym (vaqdi ˜er taim˜ier heql ˜gr ˜ekasgr, ek ˜aslata xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr), jah ˜yr jai sglamtij ˜otato tl ˜gla tgr paqa- cyc ˜gr epil ˜gjym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. Sumokij ˜a, amtipqosype ˜uoum posost ˜o ˜amy tou 80 % tgr tekij ˜ym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. euqypaˇij ˜gr paqacyc ˜gr 1. Acerinox SA (10) H Acerinox SA, (sto en ˜gr: «Acerinox») e˜imai ispamij ˜g etaiqe˜ia, eisgcl ˜emg sto wqglatist ˜gqio. Idq ˜uhgje to 1970, diah ˜etei s ˜ucwqomer ecjatast ˜aseir jai e˜imai cmyst ˜g cia to walgk ˜o tgr j ˜ostor jai cia tgm apodo- tij ˜otgt ˜a tgr. G Acerinox ek ˜ecwei tgm ispamij ˜g etai- qe˜ia Rold ´an SA, g opo˜ia paq ˜acei epil ˜gjg pqoˇi ˜omta amone˜idytou w ˜akuba, jah ˜yr jai lia aleqijamij ˜g etaiqe˜ia paqacyc ˜gr pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/57 2. ALZ NV (11) G ALZ e˜imai bekcij ˜g etaiqe˜ia jai am ˜gjei stom ˜oliko ˜Opyr jai g Acerinox, g ALZ dgliouqc ˜ghgje Arbed. stg dejaet˜ia tou 1970. Paq ˜acei pkat ˜ea pqoˇi ˜omta amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. 3. AST SpA (12) G Acciai Speciali Terni SpA, (sto en ˜gr: «AST») idq ˜u- ˜otm oi sidgqouqcij ˜er hgje tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1994, dqastgqi ˜otgter tgr ILVA wyq˜istgjam se tqeir diavo- qetij ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir, le sjop ˜o tg letacem ˜esteqg p ˜ykgs ˜g tour. J ˜uqia dqastgqi ˜otgta tgr AST e˜imai g paqacyc ˜g pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba, lacmgtij ˜ym kalaqim ˜ym jai sucjokkgl ˜emym syk ˜gmym (auto ˜ur tour tekeuta˜iour tour paq ˜acei l ˜esy hucatqi- j ˜gr tgr). Stir 24 Dejelbq˜iou 1994, g Epitqop ˜g em ˜ejqime tgm ap ˜o joimo ˜u enacoq ˜a tgr AST ap ˜o tir etaiqe˜ier Fried, Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, Thyssen Stahl AG, AFL Falck, Tadfin SpA jai FI. RE Finanziaria SpA (tou ol˜ikou Riva). To Dej ˜elbqio tou 1995, g Krupp a ˜ungse tg sulle- tow ˜g tgr stgm AST ap ˜o 50 se 75 %, enacoq ˜afomtar ta leq˜idia tgr Falck jai tgr Riva. 4. Avesta Sheffield AB (13) G Avesta Sheffield AB (sto en ˜gr: «Avesta») ek ˜ecwetai ap ˜o tgm British Steel. G Avesta pqo ˜ejuxe ap ˜o tg sucw ˜ymeusg, to 1992, tym bqetamij ˜ym jai sougdij ˜ym lom ˜adym paqacyc ˜gr amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. G British Steel ek ˜ecwei ep˜isgr tour paqacyco ˜ur epil ˜gjym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba Fagersta Stainless AB (stg Sougd˜ia) jai British Steel Engineering Steels Holdings Limited (pq ˜ygm United Engineering Steel), jah ˜yr ep˜isgr jai lia aleqijamij ˜g etaiqe˜ia paqa- cyc ˜gr pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. 5. Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH (14) G Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH dgliouqc ˜ghgje tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1995, ˜otam oi etaiqe˜ier Thyssen Stahl AG jai Fried. Krupp AG Hoesch Krupp pqo ˜ebgsam stg sucj ˜emtqysg tym dqastgqiot ˜gtym tour stom jk ˜ado tym amone˜idytym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym lec ˜akgr amtow ˜gr sta on ˜ea jai stir uxgk ˜er heqlojqas˜ier (3). G epiwe˜iqgsg aut ˜g d ˜ewhgje ma amak ˜abei sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar up ˜ohesgr aj ˜eqaia tgm euh ˜umg cia tir pq ˜aneir oi opo˜ier pqogc ˜ghgjam tgr ˜idqus ˜gr tgr jai oi opo˜ier apod˜idomtai e˜ite stgm Thyssen Stahl AG, e˜ite stgm Krupp Hoesch Stahl AG. Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o, g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg dem apeuh ˜umetai se jal˜ia ap ˜o tir em k ˜ocy epiweiq ˜gseir. 6. Usinor SA (15) G Ugine SA (sto en ˜gr: «Ugine») ˜gtam, ˜otam sum ˜ebg- sam ta ep˜ilawa cecom ˜ota, hucatqij ˜g tou ol˜ikou Usinor Sacilor jai e˜iwe amak ˜abei tir dqastgqi ˜otgter paqacyc ˜gr jai p ˜ykgsgr amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. Stir 11 Dejelbq˜iou 1995, g Ugine SA letetq ˜apg se tl ˜gla tgr Usinor Sacilor, le apot ˜ekesla ma w ˜asei tg molij ˜g tgr pqosypij ˜otgta. G Usinor Sacilor ˜akkane etaiqij ˜g epymul˜ia tom Io ˜umio tou 1997 jai jake˜itai pk ˜eom Usinor SA. G Usinor SA e˜imai o spoudai ˜oteqor paqa- cyc ˜or w ˜akuba stgm Euq ˜ypg jai ˜emar ap ˜o tour sglamtij ˜oteqour pacjosl˜iyr. Epipk ˜eom, g Usinor ˜emar ap ˜o ek ˜ecwei tgm J & L Special Steels, pou e˜imai tour sglamtij ˜oteqour aleqijamo ˜ur paqacyco ˜ur ekasl ˜atym xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr ap ˜o amone˜idyto w ˜akuba. Ep˜isgr, lecak ˜uteqo sulletow ˜g taˇikamd ˜o paqacyc ˜o ekasl ˜atym xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr ap ˜o amone˜idyto w ˜akuba. jat ˜ewei stom E. Istoqij ˜o: g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator jai o upokocisl ˜or tgr (16) G pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator e˜imai lia epib ˜aqumsg tgr til ˜gr g opo˜ia upokoc˜ifetai le b ˜asg tir til ˜er tym stoiwe˜iym jq ˜alator jai g opo˜ia pqost˜ihetai stg basij ˜g til ˜g tou amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. (17) (18) To j ˜ostor tym stoiwe˜iym jq ˜alator pou wqgsilopoi- o ˜umtai cia tgm paqacyc ˜g amone˜idytou w ˜akuba (mij ˜ekio, wq ˜ylio jai lokubda˜imio) amtipqosype ˜uei pok ˜u sglamtij ˜o tl ˜gla tou sumokijo ˜u j ˜ostour paqa- cyc ˜gr. Oi til ˜er tym sucjejqil ˜emym ousi ˜ym e˜imai enaiqetij ˜a eulet ˜abkgter. To cecom ˜or aut ˜o engce˜i tgm epihul˜ia tym paqacyc ˜ym ma emsylat ˜ymoum tir diajul ˜amseir tym til ˜ym tym ousi ˜ym aut ˜ym stir til ˜er pou evaql ˜ofoum wyq˜ir ma e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emoi ma letab ˜akkoum j ˜ahe t ˜oso tg basij ˜g til ˜g. Epol ˜emyr, g evaqloc ˜g pqosaun ˜gseym tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator heleki ˜ymetai se jahaq ˜a oijomolijo ˜ur k ˜ocour. Cia ma upokoc˜isoum to ˜uxor tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou pq ˜epei ma evaql ˜osoum jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia sucjejqil ˜emou l ˜gma (L) sta di ˜avoqa joimotij ˜a mol˜islata, oi paqacyco˜i ejteko ˜um tir aj ˜okouher pq ˜aneir: Upokoc˜ifoum tg l ˜esg til ˜g tou mijek˜iou, tou sidgqo- wqyl˜iou jai tou lokubdaim˜iou jat ˜a tour d ˜uo l ˜gmer pou pqogc ˜ghgjam tou l ˜gma tom opo˜io ajokouhe˜i o l ˜gmar tou upokocislo ˜u (dgkad ˜g jat ˜a tour l ˜gmer L-2 jai L-3). Oi paqacyco˜i sucjq˜imoum tir til ˜er pou pqoj ˜uptoum ap ˜o tour upokocislo ˜ur auto ˜ur le tir aj ˜okouher til ˜er amavoq ˜ar, oi opo˜ier isw ˜uoum ap ˜o tom Vebqou ˜a- qio tou 1994: — 3 750 Ecu am ˜a t ˜omo cia to mij ˜ekio, — 5 532 Ecu am ˜a t ˜omo cia to lokubda˜imio, — 777 Ecu am ˜a t ˜omo cia to wq ˜ylio. Am g diavoq ˜a letan ˜u tou l ˜esou ˜oqou tym til ˜ym jai tym amyt ˜eqy til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar e˜imai hetij ˜g, g basij ˜g til ˜g cia tom l ˜gma L pqosaun ˜ametai jat ˜a ˜ema pos ˜o. Am g diavoq ˜a e˜imai aqmgtij ˜g, dem evaql ˜ofetai jal˜ia pqosa ˜ungsg, dedol ˜emou ˜oti dem uv˜istatai aqmgtij ˜g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator. Ap ˜o to 1991 l ˜ewqi to 1993, oi til ˜er tym stoiwe˜iym tym diav ˜oqym jqal ˜atym ˜epesam se ep˜ipeda jat ˜yteqa tym til ˜ym pou apaito ˜umtai pqojeil ˜emou ma emeqcopoighe˜i o ˜okor lgwamisl ˜or (sto en ˜gr: «til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr»), le apot ˜ekesla oi paqacyco˜i ma evaql ˜osoum lgde- mij ˜g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator. Ta pos ˜a pou upeqba˜imoum tir til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr pokkapkasi ˜afomtai jat ˜a to posost ˜o pou j ˜ahe jq ˜ala amtipqosype ˜uei stgm ej ˜astote poi ˜otgta w ˜akuba (paqade˜iclator w ˜aqg, cia tgm poi ˜otgta AISI 304: 9 % mij ˜ekio jai 18 % wq ˜ylio· cia tgm poi ˜otgta AISI 316: 12 % mij ˜ekio, 18 % wq ˜ylio jai 2,5 % loku- bda˜imio). L 100/58 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 (19) ˜epeita (4). Pq ˜epei ma episglamhe˜i Oi l ˜ehodoi upokocislo ˜u ˜ewoum letabkghe˜i le tgm p ˜aqodo tou wq ˜omou jai dem e˜imai oi ˜idier cia ˜okour tour paqacyco ˜ur. Jat ˜a tir epiheyq ˜gseir pou dien ˜g- whgsam to 1996 jat’ evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 47 tgr sumh ˜gjgr akk ˜a jai se oqisl ˜emer epistok ˜er tir opo˜ier apg ˜uhgmam stgm Epitqop ˜g, oi paqacyco˜i epibeba˜i- ysam ˜oti g l ˜ehodor upokocislo ˜u pou peqicq ˜avetai stgm amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜aseym tgr 19gr Dejel- bq˜iou 1995 wqgsilopoie˜itai auto ˜usia ap ˜o to s ˜umoko aut ˜ym (le ena˜iqesg tir til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr) ap ˜o to 1988 jai ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g, le tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 90/417/EJAW (5), jatad˜ijase lia sulvym˜ia jai emaqlomisl ˜emer pqajtij ˜er letan ˜u euqypa˜iym paqacyc ˜ym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr ap ˜o amone˜idyto w ˜akuba, sulvym˜ia g opo˜ia avoqo ˜use, letan ˜u ˜akkym, jai tir til ˜er. G up ˜oxg sulvym˜ia ˜iswuse touk ˜awistom ap ˜o tom L ˜aio tou 1986 l ˜ewqi tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1988. G oqh ˜otgta tgr em k ˜ocy ap ˜ovasgr dem alvisbgt ˜ghgje. ˜Oka ta l ˜eqg ta opo˜ia elpk ˜ejomtai stgm paqo ˜usa diadijas˜ia ˜gtam t ˜ote l ˜ekg tou epomolaf ˜olemou «Sendzimir Club», ˜opyr amav ˜eqomtai stgm ap ˜ovasg 90/417/EJAW. (20) ST. G sulpeqivoq ˜a tym epiweiq ˜gseym tom Dej ˜elbqio tou 1993 jai tom Iamou ˜aqio tou 1994 Oi til ˜er tym stoiwe˜iym jq ˜alator jai tou amone˜idy- tou w ˜akuba lei ˜yhgjam aishgt ˜a to 1993. Ap ˜o tg sticl ˜g pou g til ˜g tou mijek˜iou ˜aqwise ma aun ˜ametai tom Sept ˜elbqio tou 1993, ta peqih ˜yqia j ˜eqdour tym paqacyc ˜ym suqqijm ˜yhgjam qifij ˜a. Cia ma amtape- n ˜ekhoum stgm jat ˜astasg aut ˜g, oi paqacyco˜i pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba, le ena˜i- qesg tgm Outokumpu, sulv ˜ymgsam ma pqaclatopoi ˜g- soum s ˜usjexg stg Ladq˜itg. Let ˜a tg s ˜usjexg aut ˜g, pqaclatopoi ˜ghgje pk ˜ghor tym diav ˜oqym paqacyc ˜ym. epav ˜ym letan ˜u 1. G s˜usjexg tgr 16gr Dejelbq˜iou 1993 stg Ladq˜itg a) oi let ˜ewomter (21) G s ˜usjexg aut ˜g dioqcam ˜yhgje se ˜o,ti avoqo ˜use tir pqajtij ˜er nemodowe˜iym, j. kp. ) ap ˜o tgm Acerinox (6), g opo˜ia ˜olyr aqme˜itai ˜oti up ˜gqne o elpmeust ˜gr tgr. Stg s ˜usjexg lete˜iwam le stek ˜ewg tour oi aj ˜okouher etaiqe˜ier: keptol ˜eqeier (jqat ˜gseir — Acerinox: — ALZ: — AST: — Avesta Sheffield: — Krupp Hoesch: Stahl AG: — Thyssen: — Ugine: j. Riestra, j. R. , jj. Ronchi jai Moio, jj. T. jai W. , jj. Pl(cid:148)macher jai Hufen, j. Peek, jj. Laquay jai Lepage. b) H ˜ela (22) Le b ˜asg tir dgk ˜yseir tym epiweiq ˜gseym, g s ˜usjexg aposjopo ˜use stgm amtakkac ˜g ap ˜oxeym letan ˜u tym paqacyc ˜ym swetij ˜a le tg sjopil ˜otgta epamavoq ˜ar se isw ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, g opo˜ia eheyqe˜ito yr g pk ˜eom emdedeicl ˜emg l ˜ehodor cia tgm ep˜iteung tgr a ˜ungsgr tym til ˜ym jai tgm amti- st ˜ahlisg tgr a ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou mijek˜iou. G Acerinox d ˜gkyse ta en ˜gr: «Se celebr(cid:155) una reuni(cid:155)n en Madrid con fecha 15 de diciembre de 1993, que hab(cid:146)a sido acordada entre las partes para hablar (. ) de la problem ´atica situaci(cid:155)n del mercado de las materias primas del acero inoxidable y las fuertes oscilaciones de los precios de las mismas. » (7). Stg d ˜gkys ˜g tgr, g Avesta dieujqim˜ifei ta en ˜gr: «The meeting involved an exchange of views on the difficulties caused by the varions price developments described above and on the possible reintroduction of an alloy surcharge to address these difficulties. » (8). Oi Krupp jai Thyssen upost ˜gqinam ta en ˜gr: «Dort sind die allgemein schlechte wirtschaftliche Lage sowie m(cid:148)gliche Auswege er(cid:148)rtert worden. » (9). G Ugine ed ˜gkyse ta en ˜gr (10): «Une r(cid:130)union a eu lieu (cid:133) Madrid (cid:133) l’h(cid:147)tel (. ) le 16 d(cid:130)cembre 1993 qui a permis de proc(cid:130)der (cid:133) un (cid:130)change de vues entre les producteurs d’acier inoxydable. » L ˜akista, g AST, stg d ˜gkys ˜g tgr (11), dieujqim˜ifei ˜oti oi em k ˜ocy epiweiq ˜gseir pqaclatopo˜igsam s ˜usjexg stg Ladq˜itg pqojeil ˜emou ma ene ˜uqoum k ˜usg stgm jq˜isg: «In questo contesto, e al fine di trovare una via d’uscita dalla situazione di crisi, ebbe luogo un incontro tra i prin- cipali produttori di acciaio europei. » c) Epikoc ˜g tgr leh ˜odou jai tym til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar (23) O j. Laquay, ejpq ˜osypor tgr Ugine, en ˜gcgse le tg bo ˜gheia em ˜or p˜imaja tom tq ˜opo evaqloc ˜gr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator jat ˜a to paqek- h ˜om (12). Stg d ˜gkysg tym Krupp jai Thyssen dieujqi- m˜ifomtai ta en ˜gr: «Herr Laquay hat als Spezialist f(cid:129)r LZ-Berechnungen unter Zuhilfnahme eines Flip-Charts spontan und exem- plarisch am Beispiel der von seinem Unternehmen in Frankreich geforderten Preise errechnet, welche zus(cid:132)tzli- chen Erl(cid:148)se bei entsprechender Umstellung des Stopprei- ses im franz(cid:148)sischen Markt erzielbar w(cid:132)ren. » (13). (24) ˜Okoi oi let ˜ewomter stg s ˜usjexg upost ˜gqinam ˜oti ˜gtam amacja˜ia g pqosvuc ˜g stg l ˜ehodo pou wqgsilo- poie˜ito to 1991, le tqopopoigl ˜emer til ˜er amavoq ˜ar. 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/59 G Acerinox stg d ˜gkys ˜g tgr amav ˜eqei: «En la misma se plante(cid:155), ante las circunstancias ya cono- cidas de la volatilidad del mercado de las materias primas en el que Acerinox SA no tiene intervenci(cid:155)n alguna, la necesidad de aplicar el extra de aleaci(cid:155)n a los clientes con arreglo a una f(cid:155)rmula tradicional ya conocida y aplicada con los valores m ´as adecuados para paliar la cada vez m ´as especulativa situaci(cid:155)n de la LME. » (14). G AST episgla˜imei: «Nel corso di quell’incontro furono discusse le iniziative intendeva prendere al che ciascuno dei partecipanti riguardo, che aveva elaborato in procedenza in totale auto- nomia (almeno per quanto riguarda AST). Dall’incontro emerse una naturale convergenza sull’adozione, come livello minimo della formula, del prezzo del nichel del settembre 1993. » (15). G Avesta amav ˜eqei ta en ˜gr: «The participants exchanged similar views on the use of the alloy surcharge calculation mechanism previously applied. In the course of the exchange, the ASAB repre- sentatives put to the meeting their views on using the previously adopted calculation mechanism with new trigger values. » (16). Stg d ˜gkys ˜g tour oi Krupp jai Thyssen amav ˜eqoum ta en ˜gr jatatopistij ˜a: «Unter den gegebenen Umst(cid:132)nden lag daher die einzige M(cid:148)glichkeit, der Entwichlung zu begegnen, in dem Versuch, den wegen des fr(cid:129)heren Absinkens des Preises der Legierungsmetalle unter den bisherigen Stoppreis (. ) Im Rahmen ausgesetzten LZ wieder zu aktivieren. des Treffens hat dann Herr Pl(cid:148)macher bekundet, daß Krupp k(cid:129)nftig als Stoppreis die niedrige Septemberno- tierung f(cid:129)r Ni zugrunde legen werde. » (17). G Ugine dgk ˜ymei ta en ˜gr: «Au cours de la r(cid:130)union, certains participants dont Ugine onf fait conna(cid:140)tre leur intention, assortie ou non de r(cid:130)serves, de reprendre l’application de la formule d’extra assortie d’un nouveau seuil de d(cid:130)clenchement (le point bas du cours du nickel en septembre) (cid:133) dater du 1 f(cid:130)vrier 1994. » (18). (25) G l ˜ehodor ˜gtam stgm pqaclatij ˜otgta ˜gdg cmyst ˜g stour pek ˜ater. Yr m ˜eer til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr tgr leh ˜odou epek ˜ecgsam oi til ˜er tym diav ˜oqym jqal ˜a- tym tom Sept ˜elbqio tou 1993 (tom l ˜gma eje˜imo g til ˜g tou mijek˜iou jat ˜gkhe se istoqij ˜yr walgk ˜a ep˜ipeda). ˜oti jat ˜a tg Stg d ˜gkys ˜g tgr g Avesta amav ˜eqei s ˜usjexg ˜ecimam upokocislo˜i le b ˜asg tir til ˜er tym jqal ˜atym tom Sept ˜elbqio/Ojt ˜ybqio jai tgm jat ˜a pqos ˜eccisg sumakkaclatij ˜g isotil˜ia cia tgm em k ˜ocy peq˜iodo: «Calculations were made at the meeting on the basis of new in September/October 1993 (i. e. using the basis of calcula- reflecting trigger values prices alloy tion of the previously adopted surcharge) and an approxi- mate exchange of rate for that period. » (19). d) Gleqolgm ˜ia evaqloc ˜gr (26) Se ˜oti avoq ˜a tgm gleqolgm˜ia evaqloc ˜gr tgr m ˜ear pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, g pkeiom ˜otgta tym letew ˜omtym et ˜awhg up ˜eq tgr evaqloc ˜gr tgr to sumtol ˜oteqo dumat ˜om· g 1 Vebqouaq˜iou 1994 heyq ˜g- hgje yr g emyq˜iteqg evijt ˜g gleqolgm˜ia h ˜esgr tgr se evaqloc ˜g. Stg d ˜gkys ˜g tgr, g Avista dieujqim˜ifei: «At the meeting, the participants also discussed an imple- mentation date. 1 February was considered to be the earliest sur- charge. » (20). introduction of feasible date the for En ˜akkou, g Acerinox amav ˜eqei ta en ˜gr: «La mayor(cid:146)a de los presentes eran partidarios de aplicar el extra de aleaci(cid:155)n lo m ´as pronto posible». (21). (27) GAcerinox ap ˜o pkeuq ˜ar tgr ed ˜gkyse ˜oti dem esj ˜o- peue ma evaql ˜osei tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator stgm Ispam˜ia, k ˜ocy tgr upotomij ˜otgtar tgr f ˜gtgsgr stgm ispamij ˜g acoq ˜a: «Acerinox indic(cid:155) su intenci(cid:155)n de no aplicar el extra en Espa˜na por considerar que no iba ser positivo para el aumento de la demanda y para la industria espa˜nola que estaba sumida en una profunda crisis. » (22). e) G tgkeoloiotup ˜ia tgr 20gr Dejelbq ˜iou 1993 jai stg jah ˜yr (28) G tgkeoloiotup˜ia (23) tgm opo˜ia g Ugine ap ˜esteike stir 20 Dejelbq˜iou 1993 stour paqacyco ˜ur pou stgm s ˜usjexg, sullete˜iwam Outokumpu, e˜imai emdeijtij ˜g tym sulpeqasl ˜atym tgr s ˜usjexgr aut ˜gr. G tgkeoloiotup˜ia aut ˜g, sumtac- l ˜emg sta acckij ˜a, peqi ˜ewei keptoleq ˜g stoiwe˜ia cia tom upokocisl ˜o tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou ˜opyr tir til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr, tg sumak- jq ˜alator, kaclatij ˜g isoptil˜ia Ecu/USD (1,179 USD/Ecu cia to mij ˜ekio, 1,182 USD/Ecu cia to wq ˜ylio jai 1,171 USD/Ecu cia to lokubda˜imio), tour l ˜gmer amavoq ˜ar jai tir tupopoigl ˜emer peqiejtij ˜otgter tym jqa- l ˜atym. Stg d ˜gkysg tgr Avesta amav ˜eqomtai ta en ˜gr: calculation including «On 20 December 1993, ASAB received a fax from Mr Laquay of Ugine setting out details relating to the alloy surcharge an ECU/USD exchange rate calculation, the monthly basis (i. e. M-2 and M-3) and standard alloy contents. This docu- ment reflected the exchange of views between produ- cers. » (24). trigger points, G Ugine, stg d ˜gkys ˜g tgr, paqad ˜ewetai tgm apostok ˜g tou pqoamaveqh ˜emtor eccq ˜avou: «(cid:211) la suite de cette r(cid:130)union, Ugine a communiqu(cid:130) aux participants par t(cid:130)l(cid:130)copies les 20 d(cid:130)cembre 1993 et 11 janvier 1994 les bases et les r(cid:130)sultats des calculs fond(cid:130)s sur L 100/60 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 la formule qu’elle entendait adopter sur le march(cid:130) natio- nal fran(cid:135)ais ou europ(cid:130)en en cas de non alignement. » (25). Stgm ap ˜amtgs ˜g tgr stgm amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜aseym tgr 23gr Apqoik˜iou 1997, g Ugine amav ˜eqei tgm em k ˜ocy tgkeoloiotup˜ia sam ma epq ˜ojeito cia ˜eccqavo peqi ˜ewom ta sulpeq ˜aslata tgr s ˜usjexgr tgr Ladq˜i- tgr (26). G AST dem lpoqe˜i ma apojke˜isei tgm peq˜iptysg ma ˜ekabe tgm em k ˜ocy tgkeoloiotup˜ia, o ˜ute ma ˜ewei epgqeashe˜i ap ˜o to peqiew ˜olem ˜o tgr cia tg k ˜gxg apov ˜aseym: «La mancanza di conoscenza diretta dei dettagli non permette per(cid:149) di escludere in maniera categorica che vi sia stato qualche scambio di (. ) Dato l’apparente tenore di tali messaggi non si pu(cid:155) per il vero neppure escludere che AST ne sia stata influenzata nella determinazione dei valori utilizzati nella formula. » (27). 2. Ta epajokouh˜gsamta tg s˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr informazione. S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 60 paq ˜acqavor 2 stoiwe˜io a) tgr sumh ˜gjgr jai le tgm ap ˜ovasg evaqloc ˜gr tgr aqih. 37-54 (28), ˜opyr tqopoi ˜ghgje tekeuta˜ia ap ˜o tgm ap ˜ovasg aqih. 2515/EJAW tgr Epitqop ˜gr (29), oi paqacyco˜i amone˜idytou w ˜akuba e˜imai upowqeyl ˜emoi ma dglosie ˜uoum stour tilojatak ˜ocour jai tour ˜oqour pyk ˜gseyr pou evaql ˜ofoum. Pqor ejpk ˜gqysg tgr upowq ˜eysgr aut ˜gr, oi oije˜ier epiweiq ˜gseir ove˜i- koum ma diabib ˜afoum ta qgh ˜emta stoiwe˜ia stgm Epitqop ˜g touk ˜awistom d ˜uo eqc ˜asiler gl ˜eqer pqim ap ˜o tgm evaqloc ˜g tour jai epipk ˜eom ma ta cmysto- poio ˜um se j ˜ahe ediaveq ˜olemo. Oi tilojat ˜akocoi dglosie ˜uomtai ap ˜o tour paqacyco ˜ur jai joimopoi- o ˜umtai stgm Epitqop ˜g j ˜ahe voq ˜a pou ep ˜eqwetai tqopopo˜igs ˜g tour. Ta pqaclatij ˜a peqistatij ˜a pou ta opo˜ia g peqicq ˜avomtai stg sum ˜eweia jai tgr Epitqop ˜g lp ˜oqese s ˜usjexgr tgr Ladq˜itgr jai tgr dglos˜ieusgr tym pqosaun ˜gseym tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator ap ˜o tir di ˜avoqer epiweiq ˜gseir tou pqoejteh ˜emtor molijo ˜u jahest ˜ytor. Stir 20 Dejelbq˜iou 1993, g Avesta Sheffield emgl ˜eqyse tir hucatqij ˜er tgr pou aswoko ˜umtai le tg diamol ˜g swetij ˜a le to emdew ˜olemo jahi ˜eqysgr tgr pqosa ˜ung- sgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator (30). ma jatacq ˜axei letan ˜u Stir 20 Dejelbq˜iou 1993, g ALZ eidopo˜igse tir huca- tqij ˜er tgr pou aswoko ˜umtai le pyk ˜gseir swetij ˜a le tgm epamavoq ˜a se isw ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator (31). Stir 6 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, g Ugine diem ˜gqcgse ˜emam m ˜eo upokocisl ˜o le tir ˜idier til ˜er amavoq ˜ar, akk ˜a le diavoqetij ˜g sumakkaclatij ˜g isotil˜ia Ecu/USD, emia˜ia jai cia ta tq˜ia jq ˜alata: 1,17506 EcuUSD. G diavoq ˜a aut ˜g e˜imai sto ejatost ˜o e˜imai ek ˜awistg jai g ep˜iptys ˜g tgr stgm til ˜g tou jq ˜alator e˜imai alekg- t ˜ea (bk ˜epe aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 37). Stir 10 Iamouq˜iou 1994, g Avesta Sheffield diem ˜gqcgse amakutijo ˜ur upokocislo ˜ur cia ma pqosdioq˜isei to ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜gsym tgr til ˜gr tym jqal ˜atym. Cia tom sjop ˜o aut ˜o ev ˜aqlose tir sumakkaclatij ˜er isotil˜ier Ecu/USD oi opo˜ier e˜iwam wqgsilopoighe˜i stg s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr (32). (29) (30) (31) (32) tgr Stir 11 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, g Ugine diab˜ibase se ˜okour tour amtacymist ˜er tgkeoloiotup˜ia (33) stgm opo˜ia amacq ˜avomtam oi pqosaun ˜gseir tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou epq ˜ojeito ma evaql ˜ofei ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou stg cakkij ˜g acoq ˜a, le keptoleq ˜g stoi- we˜ia cia tom upokocisl ˜o tour se Ecu/t ˜omo, tg leta- tqop ˜g tour sta j ˜uqia euqypaˇij ˜a mol˜islata, jah ˜yr jai tg dieujq˜imisg ˜oti ha ev ˜aqlofe tir pqosaun ˜gseir aut ˜er l ˜omo cia tour ystemitijo ˜ur w ˜akuber. Stir dgk ˜yseir tour, tg sucjejqil ˜emg tgkeoloiotup˜ia: ˜oker oi epiweiq ˜gseir lmglome ˜uoum «On 11 January 1994, Mr Laquay of Ugine sent a fax to Mr W. setting out Ugine’s internal calculation of the alloy surcharge to be applied by it from 1 February 1994. » (D ˜gkysg tgr Avesta) (34). (33) Pqim ap ˜o tir 13 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, pqaclatopoi ˜g- hgjam epav ˜er touk ˜awistom letan ˜u tgr Avesta jai tym peqissot ˜eqym amtacymist ˜ym tgr swetij ˜a le tg st ˜asg aut ˜ym tym tekeuta˜iym ˜emamti tgr pqosa ˜ung- sgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator. Ta paqaqt ˜glata 2 jai 6 tgr d ˜gkysgr tgr Avesta pistopoio ˜um tgm pqaclato- po˜igsg oqisl ˜emym ej tym em k ˜ocy epav ˜ym. To paq ˜aqtgla 2 e˜imai lia tgkeoloiotup˜ia le gleqo- lgm˜ia 14 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, tgm opo˜ia o S. ˜esteike stom W. Ta paqaj ˜aty aposp ˜aslata e˜imai diavyti- stij ˜a: «ALZ through their Swedisch representative called me this morning saying that he had been instructed from his mill to start applying alloy extras as from the 1st of February and that he should get the exact alloy surcharge (. ) Outokumpu through S. also called details from us. me today and asked what we intend to do. I said that most likely we are going to apply the surcharge in the same way as announced by Ugine for the French market. (. ) He said they want to do the same in both Sweden and Finland and suggested that we contact him on Monday. » (35). To paq ˜aqtgla 6 e˜imai lia tgkeoloiotup˜ia tgr 14gr Iamouaq˜iou 1994, upocecqall ˜emg ap ˜o tom W. Se aut ˜gm engce˜i tg h ˜esg oqisl ˜emym ej tym amtacymi- st ˜ym tgr Avesta le ta aj ˜okouha k ˜ocia: «Ugine have announced surcharges effective 1 february 1994 of 430 L 4. 36, 304 L 47. 55, 316 L 74. 03. Acerinox have announced that surcharges will be applied from 1 April 1994 (yes April!!). Outokumpu are thought to be following this line but no confirmation yet. Thyssen expect to announce something next Monday. Krupp-we have no current information. Ilva have announced a base price change effective form February but applicable to stockists and not end-users. ALZ are still considering their position. » (36). Stir 13 Iamouaq˜iou, g ALZ emgl ˜eqyse le tgket ˜upgla tour amtacymist ˜er tgr cia to ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜g- seym tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou epq ˜ojeito ma dglo- sie ˜usei (37). Joimopo˜igse tom tilojat ˜akoc ˜o tgr stgm Epitqop ˜g l ˜okir stir 24 Iamouaq˜iou 1994. Tgm ˜idia gl ˜eqa, g AST ˜esteike stgm Outokumpu tgke- oloiotup˜ia g opo˜ia peqik ˜albame tgm tgkeloiotup˜ia pou tgr e˜iwe ste˜ikei g Ugine stir 20 Dejelbq˜iou 1993, jah ˜yr jai tour upokocislo ˜ur pou g Ugine e˜iwe pqac- latopoi ˜gsei stir 6 Iamouaq˜iou (38). (34) (35) 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/61 (36) Stir 17 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, g Ugine, g AST jai g Krupp joimopo˜igsam stgm Epitqop ˜g to ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜g- seym tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou ha ev ˜aqlofam ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou. Stgm peq˜iptysg tym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym, se eje˜ima ta jq ˜atg ˜opou dem up ˜aqwei ehmij ˜or paqacyc ˜or, oi epiweiq ˜gseir euhucqall˜istgjam le tom tilojat ˜akoco tou ˜idiou paqacyco ˜u. Tgm ˜idia gl ˜eqa, g Avesta apov ˜asise epis ˜glyr ma aqw˜isei jai p ˜aki ma evaql ˜ofei tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator jai emgl ˜eqyse swetij ˜a tir huca- tqij ˜er tgr pou aswoko ˜umtai le tir pyk ˜gseir paq ˜ewom- t ˜ar tour keptoleqe˜ir emtok ˜er cia tom tq ˜opo evaqlo- c ˜gr (39). Stir 19 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, g Thyssen joimopo˜igse stgm Epitqop ˜g to ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜gseym tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou ha ev ˜aqlofe ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994. F. G evaqloc ˜g tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator (37) Jat’ evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 60 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW, oi epiweiq ˜gseir sto s ˜umok ˜o tour (le ena˜iqesg tgm Acerinox) joimopo˜igsam stgm Epitqop ˜g to ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜gseym tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou esj ˜o- peuam ma evaql ˜osoum, jah ˜yr jai tgm gleqolgm˜ia h ˜esgr tour se evaqloc ˜g, g opo˜ia ˜gtam g 1g Vebqouaq˜iou 1994. G Acerinox, g opo˜ia joimopo˜igse stgm Epitqop ˜g to m ˜eo ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜gseym tgr ˜aqwise til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator l ˜okir tom L ˜aio tou 1994, paq ˜oka aut ˜a ma evaql ˜ofei tir pqosaun ˜gseir aut ˜er ˜gdg ap ˜o tom Vebqou ˜aqio se oqisl ˜ema jq ˜atg l ˜ekg. Epeid ˜g g wqgsilopoio ˜ulemg l ˜ehodor ˜gtam pamoloi ˜o- tupg, oi apojk˜iseir tym tekij ˜ym pos ˜ym e˜imai apeiqo- ek ˜awister jai ove˜ikomtai e˜ite stir stqoccukopoi ˜g- seir tym pos ˜ym, e˜ite stir wqgsilopoio ˜ulemer sumak- kaclatij ˜er isotil˜ier. (38) Oi pqajtij ˜er keptol ˜eqeier tgr evaqloc ˜gr aut ˜gr amak ˜uomtai sto up ˜olmgla tgr Avesta tgr 17gr Iamouaq˜iou 1994. Ed ˜y lpoqo ˜um ma lmglomeuho ˜um ta aj ˜okouha sgle˜ia: «We will follow the rules set by the home producer in any given producer market, including applying the sur- charge they declare. In each non-producer market a lead will be taken by one of the mills — W. will advise those markets concerned. The surcharge will not be imposed outside of the 17 European markets. We will need to secure appropriate price increases as soon as possible. » (40). Ap ˜oqqoia tym paqap ˜amy e˜imai ta aj ˜okouha tq˜ia cecom ˜ota: (39) To ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜gseym tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou oi di ˜avoqoi paqacyco˜i evaql ˜ofoum se dedol ˜emg acoq ˜a e˜imai pamoloi ˜otupo, amen ˜aqtgta ap ˜o to ˜uxor pou ha e˜iwe pqoj ˜uxei se peq˜iptysg letatqop ˜gr se ˜akko m ˜olisla tou poso ˜u pou ˜ewei dglosieuhe˜i stour tilojatak ˜ocour. ˜okoi oi paqacyco˜i epiwe˜iqg- Sto Gmyl ˜emo Bas˜ikeio, sam ma evaql ˜osoum tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator le amadqolij ˜g isw ˜u, ajokouh ˜ymtar le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o to paq ˜adeicla tgr Avesta. (40) Stg d ˜gkys ˜g tgr g Avesta dieujqim˜ifei: «In the national markets in which ASAB was neither the in markets with no domestic domestic producer nor, typically, but not supplier, leading the producer, uniformly, ASAB would align on the domestic producer or leading supplier as was traditional in the stainless steel industry generally. The German producer had, for the leading traditionally been regarded as example, supplier in Austria and ALZ the leading supplier in the Nederlands, whilst the Nordic producers had been regar- ded as leading suppliers in Denmark and Norway and the British producer in Ireland. » (41). (41) Oi di ˜avoqoi paqacyco˜i ˜esteikam em t ˜ekei epistok ˜er stour pek ˜ater tour amacc ˜ekkomt ˜ar tour tgm tqopo- po˜igsg tym jat ˜ytatym oq˜iym. G Epitqop ˜g ˜ewei stg di ˜ahes ˜g tgr amt˜icqava leqij ˜ym ap ˜o tir epistok ˜er aut ˜er. To je˜ilemo tym aj ˜okouhym d ˜uo epistok ˜ym e˜imai diavytistij ˜o cia tgm paqo ˜usa diadijas˜ia: Stir 28 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, g Ugine Savoie UK Ltd pkgqovoqe˜i tour pek ˜ater tgr swetij ˜a le tgm epama- voq ˜a se isw ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜ala- tor amav ˜eqomtar ta en ˜gr: «It has therefore been decided at a European level to reactivate the surcharge system to take into account of the increase in alloy costs since September 1993, and this surcharge will be applied generally from 1st February 1994. » (42). Stir 31 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, g Thyssen Fine Steels Ltd cq ˜avei stour pek ˜ater tgr ta en ˜gr: «For this reason, we have no choice but to implement alloy surcharges on all stainless flat products in line with all other manufacturers. As in the previous surcharge situation, a clear basis for surcharge has been agreed to account for the changes in relationship between prices and costs. » (43). II. MOLIJG EJTILGSG A. ˜Aqhqo 65, paq ˜acqavor 1 1. Cemij˜er paqatgq˜gseir (42) To ˜aqhqo 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr oq˜ifei stgm paq ˜acqavo 1 ˜oti apacoqe ˜uomtai ˜oker oi sulvym˜ier letan ˜u epiwei- q ˜gseym, ˜oker oi apov ˜aseir em ˜yseym epiweiq ˜gseym jai j ˜ahe emaqlomisl ˜emg pqajtij ˜g pou te˜imoum emt ˜or ˜alesa ˜g ˜ellesa, ma paqelpod˜i- tgr joim ˜gr acoq ˜ar, foum, ma peqioq˜ifoum ˜g ma mohe ˜uoum tgm jamomij ˜g keitouqc˜ia tou amtacymislo ˜u, jai idia˜iteqa ma jahoq˜ifoum tir til ˜er. L 100/62 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 (43) (44) (45) 2. G ep˜ilawg s˜ulpqang To ˜aqhqo 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr paqabi ˜afetai am ta l ˜eqg apovas˜ifoum lia s ˜ucjkisg tym pqoh ˜ese ˜ym tour g opo˜ia peqist ˜ekkei ˜g e˜imai ijam ˜g ma peqiste˜ikei tgm epiweiqglatij ˜g tour ekeuheq˜ia, epijahoq˜ifomtar tir jateuh ˜umseir tym emeqcei ˜ym ej ˜astou l ˜eqour stgm acoq ˜a ˜g tgr lg dqastgqiopo˜igs ˜gr tou se aut ˜gm. Dem e˜imai apaqa˜itgto ma ˜ewoum amakgvhe˜i sulbatij ˜er upowqe ˜yseir, o ˜ute ma ˜ewoum hespishe˜i diadijas˜ier pqor ejt ˜ekesg tym swetij ˜ym apov ˜aseym. En ˜akkou, g ep˜ilawg s ˜ucjkisg pqoh ˜eseym dem e˜imai am ˜acjg ma pqoj ˜uptei ap ˜o j ˜apoio cqapt ˜o je˜ilemo. Stgm paqo ˜usa up ˜ohesg, g s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr e˜iwe ˜emam st ˜owo: tg leh ˜odeusg tgr oloi ˜oloqvgr a ˜ungsgr tym til ˜ym tou amone˜idytou w ˜akuba, pqojei- l ˜emou ma amtistahlishe˜i g ˜amodor tym til ˜ym tym jqal ˜atym. Paqousi ˜astgjam oi di ˜avoqer l ˜ehodoi upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tym jqal ˜a- tym oi opo˜ier e˜iwam evaqloshe˜i jat ˜a to paqekh ˜om, jai, let ˜a tg sucjejqil ˜emg s ˜usjexg, oi epiweiq ˜gseir sto s ˜umok ˜o tour uioh ˜etgsam pamoloi ˜otupg sulpeqi- voq ˜a. Oi epiweiq ˜gseir ev ˜aqlosam cia tir pyk ˜gseir tour stgm Euq ˜ypg, le ena˜iqesg tgm Ispam˜ia jai tgm Poqtocak˜ia, ap ˜o tgm 1g Vebqouaq˜iou 1994 jai let ˜a lia pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou ej ˜astote jq ˜alator s ˜ulvyma le tg l ˜ehodo g opo˜ia e˜iwe wqgsilopoighe˜i cia tekeuta˜ia voq ˜a to 1991· yr til ˜er amavoq ˜ar cia ta jq ˜alata en ˜ekabam tir til ˜er pou ˜iswusam ci’ aut ˜a epol ˜emyr, tom Sept ˜elbqio s ˜ucjkisg pqoh ˜eseym. G em k ˜ocy s ˜ucjkisg pqoh ˜e- seym apotup ˜yhgje stgm tgkeoloiotup˜ia pou g Ugine ap ˜esteike stir 1993, op ˜ote g 20 Dejelbq˜iou s ˜ulpqang pq ˜epei ma waqajtgqishe˜i yr sulvym˜ia. O waqajtgqisl ˜or aut ˜or epibebai ˜ymetai jai ap ˜o to peqiew ˜olemo tym ecjujk˜iym epistok ˜ym pou lmglo- me ˜uomtai paqap ˜amy (aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 41). ˜Opyr jai am ˜ewei to pq ˜acla, aj ˜olg jai am alvisbg- te˜itai o waqajtgqisl ˜or tgr ep˜ilawgr s ˜ulpqangr yr sulvym˜iar, g epamajahi ˜eqysg tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator ap ˜o tour paqacyco ˜ur amone˜idy- tou w ˜akuba stoiweiohete˜i am lg ti ˜akko jai d˜iwyr jal˜ia alvibok˜ia emaqlomisl ˜emg pqajtij ˜g, am kgvhe˜i up ˜oxg ˜oti to ˜uxor tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr jai g gleqolgm˜ia ap ˜o tgm opo˜ia ˜aqwise ma evaql ˜ofetai ˜gtam esjell ˜emyr pamoloi ˜otupa. Oi sumt ˜ajter tgr sumh ˜gjgr sulpeqi ˜ekabam tgm ˜emmoia tgr emaqlomi- sl ˜emgr pqajtij ˜gr di ˜oti eped˜iyjam ma steq ˜gsoum stir epiweiq ˜gseir tg dumat ˜otgta ma paqaj ˜alptoum tgm apac ˜oqeusg tym sulpq ˜aneym, jatave ˜ucomtar stg k ˜usg liar amtistqateu ˜olemgr tom amtacymisl ˜o sulpaicm˜iar g opo˜ia ma lgm apoteke˜i jat’ ajqiboko- c˜ia sulvym˜ia, paqade˜iclator w ˜aqg emgleq ˜ymomtar ej tym pqot ˜eqym g lia tgm ˜akkg cia tg st ˜asg pou ej ˜astg epiwe˜iqgsg pqot˜ihetai ma tgq ˜gsei, jat ˜a tq ˜opo ˜yste g j ˜ahe epiwe˜iqgsg ma lpoqe˜i ma dialoq- v ˜ysei tgm epiweiqglatij ˜g tgr sulpeqivoq ˜a, cmyq˜i- fomtar ˜oti oi amtacymist ˜er tgr ha emeqc ˜gsoum le tom ˜idio tq ˜opo. 1993. Up ˜gqne, tou Paq ˜oloio ˜gtam to peqiew ˜olemo tgr ap ˜ovasgr tou Dijastgq˜iou tgr 13gr Iouk˜iou 1972 ep˜i tgr up ˜ohesgr ICI (44): «G di ˜ajqisg pou c˜imetai sto ˜aqhqo 85 (tgr sumh ˜gjgr emaqlomisl ˜emgr ˜emmoiar EOJ) letan ˜u tgr pqajtij ˜gr, avem ˜or, jai tgr ˜emmoiar tym sulvymi ˜ym letan ˜u epiweiq ˜gseym ˜g tym apov ˜aseym em ˜yseym epiweiq ˜gseym, avet ˜eqou, aposjope˜i sto ma upawho ˜um tgr (46) stir apacoqe ˜useir tou ˜aqhqou auto ˜u oi loqv ˜er sumtomislo ˜u letan ˜u epiweiq ˜gseym oi opo˜ier, wyq˜ir ma ˜ewoum jatak ˜gnei stg s ˜umaxg q ˜uhlisgr ˜ewousar ta tupij ˜a waqajtgqistij ˜a liar sulb ˜aseyr, upojahi- sto ˜um yst ˜oso ejous˜iyr l˜ia letan ˜u tour sumeqcas˜ia stgm pq ˜ang, g opo˜ia ecjulome˜i jimd ˜umour cia tom amtacymisl ˜o. » Em p ˜asg peqipt ˜ysei, to am g epiweiqglatij ˜g sulpeqi- voq ˜a pou apoteke˜i amtije˜ilemo tgr paqo ˜usar up ˜ohe- sgr ha waqajtgqishe˜i yr sulvym˜ia ˜g yr emaqlomi- sl ˜emg pqajtij ˜g, oudel˜ia sglas˜ia ˜ewei cia tgm enacyc ˜g sulpeq ˜aslator swetij ˜a le to jat ˜a p ˜osom aut ˜g amtiba˜imei sto ˜aqhqo 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. ˜opyr to Dijast ˜gqio apev ˜amhg Pio sucjejqil ˜ema, stg cm ˜ylg tgm opo˜ia en ˜edyse stir 13 Dejelbq˜iou 1961 (45), jat ˜opim ait ˜gseyr tgr Amyt ˜atgr Aqw ˜gr jai tou Sulbouk˜iou tym Upouqc ˜ym, swetij ˜a le tgm eqlg- me˜ia tou ˜aqhqou 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr, to em k ˜ocy ˜aqhqo, to opo˜io peqikalb ˜amei tir diat ˜aneir evaqloc ˜gr tgr apac ˜oqeusgr pou pqobk ˜epetai sto ˜aqhqo 4 stoiwe˜io b) tgr sumh ˜gjgr, «sucjejqilemopoie˜i tgm ˜ejtasg tgr apac ˜oqeusgr, waqajtgq˜ifomtar amep˜iptqepter ˜oker em c ˜emei tir sulpq ˜aneir». To Dijast ˜gqio epes ˜glame ˜oti st ˜owor tou ˜aqhqou 4 «e˜imai pqod ˜gkyr ma apotqa- pe˜i g ap ˜ojtgsg ap ˜o tir epiweiq ˜gseir, di ˜a tgr ˜asjg- sgr peqioqistij ˜ym pqajtij ˜ym, liar h ˜esgr g opo˜ia ma tour epitq ˜epei tom epileqisl ˜o ˜g tgm jatawqgstij ˜g ejlet ˜akkeusg ty acoq ˜ym». To Dijast ˜gqio apev ˜amhg ˜oti g pqobkep ˜olemg sto qgh ˜em ˜aqhqo apac ˜oqeusg «e˜imai ˜ajalptg jai waqajtgq˜ifei to s ˜ustgla pou jahieq ˜ymetai le tg sumh ˜gjg». 3. Sjop˜or, sum˜epeier jai di˜aqjeia tgr sulpq˜aneyr a) Sjop ˜or jai sum ˜epeier tgr sulpq ˜aneyr (47) G s ˜ulpqang sum˜istatai stg wqgsilopo˜igsg, ap ˜o tgm ˜idia gleqolgm˜ia, stg l ˜ehodo upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou evaqlof ˜o- tam pakai ˜oteqa, til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar cia ta jq ˜alata walgk ˜oteqym jai ajqib ˜yr ˜idiym cia ˜oker tir epiwei- q ˜gseir, pqojeil ˜emou ma epiteuwhe˜i g ˜amodor tym til ˜ym. Epeid ˜g oi «pqosaun ˜gseir» ˜g pq ˜osheter epiba- q ˜umseir apoteko ˜um l ˜eqor tgr tekij ˜gr til ˜gr pou pq ˜epei ma jatabkghe˜i cia ta oije˜ia pqoˇi ˜omta, amti- je˜ilemo tgr sulpq ˜aneyr e˜imai o jahoqisl ˜or em ˜or stoiwe˜iou tgr til ˜gr. Sto ˜aqhqo 65 paq ˜acqavor lmglome ˜uomtai qgt ˜yr yr peqioq˜ifouser tom amtacy- misl ˜o oi sulvym˜ier jai oi emaqlomisl ˜emer pqajtij ˜er pou te˜imoum, ˜alesa ˜g ˜ellesa, stom jahoqisl ˜o tym til ˜ym. (48) G up ˜o en ˜etasg s ˜ulpqang peqioq˜ifei tom amtacymi- sl ˜o se sglamtij ˜o bahl ˜o. Oi elpkej ˜olemer stgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg epiweiq ˜gseir amtipqosype ˜uoum to 90 % swed ˜om tgr paqacyc ˜gr pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. To ˜uto sgla˜imei ˜oti tuw ˜om sumtomisl ˜emg a ˜ungsg tym til ˜ym ej l ˜eqour tour ha e˜iwe jat’ am ˜acjg pok ˜u sobaq ˜er sum ˜epeier cia tgm oije˜ia acoq ˜a. En ˜akkou, g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator amti- pqosype ˜uei sglamtij ˜o tl ˜gla tgr tekij ˜gr til ˜gr. G epib ˜aqumsg tgr til ˜gr tgm opo˜ia sumep ˜acetai g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator enaqt ˜atai, avem ˜or, ap ˜o to posost ˜o tym let ˜akkym jq ˜alator pou peqi ˜ewomtai stg s ˜umhesg tou w ˜akuba jai, avet ˜eqou, ap ˜o tgm en ˜eking tym til ˜ym tym let ˜akkym aut ˜ym. E˜imai dumat ˜o ma vh ˜amei l ˜ewqi jai to 25 % tgr sumokij ˜gr til ˜gr. 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/63 (49) (50) ˜oti Stgm peq˜iptysg liar s ˜ulpqangr g opo˜ia aposjope˜i stom peqioqisl ˜o tou amtacymislo ˜u, dem e˜imai apaqa˜itgto ma apodeijm ˜uetai ˜ewoum pq ˜aclati ejdgkyhe˜i oi sum ˜epei ˜er tgr stgm acoq ˜a. Pq ˜epei, ˜oti tgm tqopopo˜igsg tym yst ˜oso, ma episglamhe˜i til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator ajoko ˜uhgse o dipkasiasl ˜or swed ˜om tym til ˜ym tou amone˜idytou w ˜akuba letan ˜u tou Iamoua- q˜iou tou 1994 jai tou Laqt˜iou tou 1995. G sgla- mtij ˜g aut ˜g ˜amodor tym til ˜ym dem lpoqe˜i asvak ˜yr ma apodohe˜i apojkeistij ˜a jai l ˜omo stgm tqopopo˜igsg tym oq˜iym emeqcopo˜igsgr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, tgm opo˜ia oi paqacyco˜i apov ˜asisam tom Vebqou ˜aqio tou 1994. Emto ˜utoir, g tqopopo˜igsg aut ˜g sum ˜eteime sglamtij ˜a stir aun ˜gseir, k ˜ocy tgr aut ˜olatgr epib ˜aqumsgr tym til ˜ym pou pqoj ˜akese. En ˜akkou, ap ˜o tom Vebqou ˜aqio, tou 1994 jai emte ˜uhem, ˜ema stoiwe˜io tgr til ˜gr tou amone˜idytou w ˜akuba up ˜gqne ajqib ˜yr to ˜idio cia ˜okour tour paqacyco ˜ur. tou sust ˜glator joimotijo ˜ur b) Di ˜aqjeia tgr paq ˜abasgr Ap ˜o to apodeijtij ˜o ukij ˜o tgr paqo ˜usar up ˜ohesgr ˜oti, lokom ˜oti to s ˜ustgla tgr pqosa ˜ung- sum ˜acetai sgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator e˜imai pakai ˜o jai g evaq- loc ˜g tou sumghisl ˜emg, g wqgsilopo˜igsg ap ˜o ˜okour tour pamoloi ˜otupgr leh ˜odou cia tir pyk ˜gseir tour stg Dutij ˜g Euq ˜ypg 1988 peq˜ipou. Uv˜istamtai ˜etor am ˜acetai sto sumep ˜yr k ˜ocoi cia ma heyq ˜gsei jame˜ir ˜oti g up ˜o en ˜etasg s ˜ulpqang ˜ewei yr avetgq˜ia tgm amyt ˜eqy wqomokoc˜ia jai ˜oti g emaqlomisl ˜emg tqopopo˜igsg tym til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar to 1994 apoteke˜i apk ˜yr lia ap ˜o tir ejv ˜amseir tgr s ˜ulpqangr. paqacyco ˜ur Emto ˜utoir, ta pqaclatij ˜a peqistatij ˜a sta opo˜ia eqe˜idetai g sumacyc ˜g aut ˜g dem ˜ewoum apodeiwhe˜i epaqj ˜yr. Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, pq ˜epei ma c ˜emei dejt ˜o ˜oti g emaql ˜omisg nej˜imgse le tg s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr tom Dej ˜elbqio tou 1993 jai sumew˜istgje ˜ejtote l ˜ewqi s ˜gleqa ap ˜o ˜oker tir elpkej ˜olemer epiweiq ˜gseir le ena˜iqesg tgm Avesta Sheffield, g opo˜ia tom Mo ˜el- bqio tou 1996 amajo˜imyse tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr ma wqgsilopoie˜i sto en ˜gr diavoqetij ˜g l ˜ehodo upokoci- slo ˜u. 4. Epiweiqglatokoc˜ia tym leq˜ym (52) (51) Jal˜ia ap ˜o tir epiweiq ˜gseir pqor tir opo˜ier apeuhum ˜o- tam g amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜aseym dem alvisb ˜gtgse tgm ajq˜ibeia tym pqaclatij ˜ym peqistatij ˜ym ˜opyr ta am ˜eptusse g Epitqop ˜g. Oi Avesta jai Usinor dem amtijqo ˜uoum tg molij ˜g anio- k ˜ocgsg pou epiweiqe˜itai stgm amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜a- seym jai aqjo ˜umtai sto ma diabebai ˜ysoum g lem Avesta ˜oti g paq ˜abasg teqlat˜istgje le tgm uioh ˜e- tgsg m ˜ear leh ˜odou upokocislo ˜u, g de Usinor ˜oti g paq ˜abasg e˜iwe eujaiqiaj ˜o waqajt ˜gqa. Amtih ˜etyr, oi Krupp, AST jai ALZ paqad ˜ewomtai lem ta pqaclatij ˜a peqistatij ˜a, akk ˜a diavymo ˜um le tgm aniok ˜ocgs ˜g tour ej l ˜eqour tgr Epitqop ˜gr. Diate˜imom- tai ˜oti g s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr ˜gtam apk ˜yr lia ˜oti g tqopopo˜igsg tym amtakkac ˜g ap ˜oxeym jai til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator dem e˜imai apot ˜ekesla o ˜ute sulvym˜iar, o ˜ute emaqlomisl ˜emgr pqajtij ˜gr. G eqlgme˜ia aut ˜g (53) (54) e˜imai apoqqipt ˜ea cia tour k ˜ocour pou amapt ˜usso- mtai amyt ˜eqy. T ˜ekor, g Acerinox iswuq˜ifetai ˜oti jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr s ˜usjexgr tgr Ladq˜itgr amajo˜imyse stour amta- cymist ˜er tgr tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr ma lgm evaql ˜ofei tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator stgm ispamij ˜g acoq ˜a, pq ˜acla to opo˜io, jat’ aut ˜gm, apodeijm ˜uei tg lg sulletow ˜g tgr stgm ˜opoia sulvym˜ia. Pkgm ˜olyr, to cecom ˜or ˜oti g Acerinox uioh ˜etgsee tg st ˜asg aut ˜g ove˜iketai sta idia˜iteqa dedol ˜ema tgr ispamij ˜gr acoq ˜ar, stgm opo˜ia g jatam ˜akysg amone˜idytou w ˜akuba e˜imai leiyl ˜emg se s ˜ucjqisg le tir acoq ˜er tym upoko˜ipym jqat ˜ym lek ˜ym. Amtih ˜etyr, l ˜akista, g Acerinox ˜aqwise ma evaql ˜ofei tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator cia tir pyk ˜gseir tgr ejt ˜or Ispa- m˜iar ˜gdg ap ˜o tom Vebqou ˜aqio tou 1994, euhucqalli- f ˜olemg toioutotq ˜opyr le tgm ap ˜ovasg pou ek ˜gvhg stg s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr, tgm opo˜ia l ˜akista g ˜ewomtar pk ˜gqg ep˜icmysg tgr ˜idia e˜iwe dioqcam ˜ysei sglas˜iar tgr. En ˜akkou, ˜oker oi elpkej ˜olemer epiweiq ˜gseir pqob ˜ak- koum lia seiq ˜a epiweiqgl ˜atym ta opo˜ia, jat’ aut ˜er, apoteko ˜um «ekavqumtij ˜a». a) ˜Oker oi elpkej ˜olemer epiweiq ˜gseir pqob ˜akkoum to epiwe ˜iqgla ˜oti g wq ˜gsg tgr ep ˜ilawgr leh ˜odou e ˜imai pakai ˜a (55) Epib ˜akketai ma c˜imei di ˜ajqisg letan ˜u, avem ˜or, tgr pakai ˜otgtar tgr wq ˜gsgr liar leh ˜odou upokocislo ˜u g opo˜ia ma epitq ˜epei tg letaj ˜ukgsg tym letabok ˜ym tgr til ˜gr tym stoiwe˜iym jq ˜alator stgm til ˜g tym pqoˇi ˜omtym jai, avet ˜eqou, tgr uioh ˜etgsgr oloi ˜oloq- vgr leh ˜odou. G l ˜ehodor upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator stgq˜ifetai se lec ˜ehg ta opo˜ia ˜opyr aut ˜er lpoqo ˜um ma enoloiyho ˜um le sust ˜aseir, tgr 1968 amajo˜imysg moo ˜umtai Epitqop ˜gr (46) swetij ˜a le tg sumeqcas˜ia letan ˜u epiweiq ˜gseym. To up ˜oxg s ˜ustgla upokocislo ˜u apoteke˜i pqod ˜gkyr peqioqisl ˜o tou amtacymislo ˜u. stgm tou (56) Va˜imetai ˜oti g oloi ˜oloqvg wq ˜gsg tgr leh ˜odou ˜opyr aut ˜g e˜iwe to 1994 wqomokoce˜itai ap ˜o to 1988 (enai- qoul ˜emym tym til ˜ym emeqcopo˜igsgr). Pq ˜epei ma sgleiyhe˜i ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g, stgm pqoamaveqhe˜isa ap ˜ovasg 90/417/EJAW, jatad˜ijase lia sulvym˜ia jai oqisl ˜emer emaqlomisl ˜emer pqajtij ˜er letan ˜u tym leq ˜ym. G sulvym˜ia eje˜img avoqo ˜use, letan ˜u tym ˜akkym, tir til ˜er jai ˜iswuse touk ˜awistom ap ˜o tom L ˜aio tou 1986 l ˜ewqi tom Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1988. G em k ˜ocy ap ˜ovasg dem alvisbgt ˜ghgje. Yst ˜oso, g Epitqop ˜g dem ˜ewei stg di ˜ahes ˜g tgr epaqj ˜g apodei- jtij ˜a stoiwe˜ia ap ˜o ta opo˜ia ma pqoj ˜uptei ˜oti g uioh ˜etgsg pamoloi ˜otupgr leh ˜odou ˜gtam pqoˇi ˜om pqaclatij ˜gr emaql ˜omisgr. Aut ˜or e˜imai o k ˜ocor cia tom opo˜io g paqo ˜usa diadijas˜ia dem avoq ˜a tgm ep˜ilawg l ˜ehodo stgm aqwij ˜g tgr loqv ˜g. Paq ˜oka aut ˜a, oi peqist ˜aseir up ˜o tir opo˜ier ˜ecime g tekauta˜ia tqopopo˜igsg tou ˜uxour tou oq˜iou emeqcopo˜igsgr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator apodeijm ˜uoum, touk ˜awistom stgm peq˜iptysg pou enet ˜afoule ed ˜y, tgm ˜upaqng sumemm ˜ogsgr cia tom jahoqisl ˜o tou ˜uxour tou em k ˜ocy oq˜iou jai tgm gleqolgm˜ia h ˜esgr tou se isw ˜u. L 100/64 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 b) Oqisl ˜emoi paqacyco ˜i ( 4 7) diate ˜imomtai ˜oti oi pek ˜ater e ˜imai up ˜eq tgr evaqloc ˜gr tgr leh ˜odou tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr (57) To cecom ˜or ˜oti oi pek ˜ater apod ˜ewomtai lia pqajtij ˜g g opo˜ia amtiba˜imei stour jam ˜omer amtacymislo ˜u dem tg molilopoie˜i. En ˜akkou, g Epitqop ˜g apov ˜asise ma eqeum ˜gsei tir ep˜ilawer pqajtij ˜er ˜epeita ap ˜o tgm upobok ˜g jatacceki ˜ym ej l ˜eqour ajqib ˜yr oqisl ˜emym pekat ˜ym. Ta ˜eccqava pou sucjemtq ˜yhgjam sto pka˜isio tgr ˜akkyste, tir dusjok˜ier tir diadijas˜iar pistopoio ˜um, ˜otam epiwe˜iqgsam opo˜ier sum ˜amtgsam oi paqacyco˜i ma pe˜isoum tour pek ˜ater tour ma apodewho ˜um tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator. c) Oqisl ˜emer epiweiq ˜gseir ( 4 8) iswuq ˜ifomtai ˜oti g ep ˜idqasg tgr ep ˜ilawgr pqajtij ˜gr dem ˜gtam sglamtij ˜g Oi sucjejqil ˜emer epiweiq ˜gseir upost ˜gqinam, avem ˜or, ˜oti g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator evaql ˜o- stgje l ˜omo se peqioqisl ˜emo tl ˜gla tou sum ˜okou tym sumakkac ˜ym jai, avet ˜eqou, ˜oti ˜emamti poku ˜aqihlym pekat ˜ym evaql ˜ofomtam p ˜acier til ˜er. Jat’ aut ˜er, g ˜amodor tym til ˜ym tou amone˜idytou w ˜akuba to 1994 dem ove˜iketai stgm tqopopo˜igsg tym oq˜iym emeqco- po˜igsgr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, akk ˜a stg sw ˜esg letan ˜u pqosvoq ˜ar jai f ˜gtgsgr. Ta amyt ˜eqy epiweiq ˜glata dem eustaho ˜um. Lia sumemm ˜ogsg letan ˜u epiweiq ˜gseym g opo˜ia aposjope˜i stgm tqopopo˜igsg tym til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar, le apot ˜eke- sla tgm ˜amodo tym til ˜ym, amtiba˜imei opysd ˜gpote sto ˜aqhqo 65, amen ˜aqtgta ap ˜o tir sum ˜epei ˜er tgr stgm acoq ˜a. P ˜eqam auto ˜u, g evaqloc ˜g ˜amisym ˜oqym ep˜i sucjq˜isilym sumakkac ˜ym apoteke˜i paq ˜abasg tou ˜aqhqou 60 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW· oi epiweiq ˜gseir dem dijaio ˜umtai ma epijakesho ˜um emdew ˜olemg paq ˜abasg stgm pqosp ˜ahei ˜a tour ma sucjak ˜uxoum ˜g ma alvi- sbgt ˜gsoum tgm ˜upaqng j ˜apoiar ˜akkgr paq ˜abasgr, g opo˜ia l ˜akista apodeijm ˜uetai ap ˜o ta pq ˜aclata. T ˜ekor, g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator lpoqe˜i ma amtipqosype ˜uei, am ˜akoca le tgm poi ˜otgta jai to pqoˇi ˜om, posost ˜o l ˜ewqi 25 % tgr tekij ˜gr til ˜gr. d) Aqjet ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir ( 4 9) epijak ˜estgjam tgm aqw ˜g tgr pqostas ˜iar tgr dijaiokocg- l ˜emgr elpistos ˜umgr Oi epiweiq ˜gseir aut ˜er upostgq˜ifoum ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g ha lpoqo ˜use ma e˜iwe sumac ˜acei, le b ˜asg tour tilo- jatak ˜ocour pou tgr joimopoio ˜umtai jat’ evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 60, tgm ˜upaqng emia˜iar leh ˜odou upokoci- slo ˜u. To cecom ˜or ˜oti dem j˜imgse diadijas˜ia dum ˜alei tou ˜aqhqou 65 dglio ˜uqcgse, jat’ aut ˜er, stir oije˜ier epiweiq ˜gseir m ˜olilg elpistos ˜umg sto s ˜ummolo waqa- jt ˜gqa tgr evaqloc ˜gr joim ˜gr leh ˜odou. epiweiq ˜gseir cmystopoio ˜usam stgm Oi Epitqop ˜g tir pqosaun ˜gseir tgr til ˜gr pou ev ˜aqlofam cia ta di ˜avoqa jq ˜alata, ejpevqasl ˜emer se di ˜avoqa mol˜islata. G ˜idia g l ˜ehodor upokocislo ˜u tour oud ˜e- apk ˜yr (58) (59) (60) (61) pote jat ˜estg cmyst ˜g stgm Epitqop ˜g, o ˜ute tgr diabi- b ˜astgjam pot ˜e stoiwe˜ia cia tom ajqib ˜g tq ˜opo evaq- loc ˜gr tgr. e) Oqisl ˜emer epiweiq ˜gseir ( 5 0) iswuq ˜istgjam ˜oti g Epitqop ˜g emeh ˜aqqume tgm uioh ˜etgsg pamoloi ˜otupgr leh ˜odou (62) G pokitij ˜g tgr Epitqop ˜gr ˜emamti tym sustgl ˜atym ˜gdg ap ˜o ta t ˜ekg tgr upokocislo ˜u ˜ewei paciyhe˜i dejaet˜iar tou 1960. Stgm amajo˜imysg tou 1968 swetij ˜a le tg sumeqca- s˜ia letan ˜u epiweiq ˜gseym pqobk ˜epetai, sucjejqil ˜ema, ˜oti oi sulvym˜ier pou ˜ewoum yr apojkeistij ˜o sjop ˜o tom ap ˜o joimo ˜u jahoqisl ˜o tym sustgl ˜atym upokoci- slo ˜u dem pq ˜epei ma heyqo ˜umtai yr peqioq˜ifouser tom amtacymisl ˜o. Paq ˜oka aut ˜a, ta sust ˜glata upokoci- slo ˜u pou peqikalb ˜amoum pqojahoqisl ˜emour sumteke- st ˜er upokocislo ˜u pq ˜epei ma heyqo ˜umtai yr sust ˜a- seir oi opo˜ier emd ˜ewetai ma sumep ˜acomtai peqioqisl ˜o tou amtacymislo ˜u. (63) Stgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr 80/257/EJAW (51), g Epitqop ˜g dieujqim˜ifei up ˜o po˜ia ˜emmoia ta em k ˜ocy sust ˜glata upokocislo ˜u lpoqo ˜um ma enoloiyho ˜um le sust ˜aseir: «Enyho ˜um tir epiweiq ˜gseir pou ta wqgsilopoio ˜um ma evaql ˜ofoum tour sumtekest ˜er upokocislo ˜u pou pqobk ˜epomtai sto pq ˜otupo, pqojeil ˜emou ma upokoc˜i- soum ta ˜enod ˜a tour jai jat’ ep ˜ejtasg, ell ˜esyr, ma pqosdioq˜isoum tir til ˜er p ˜ykgsgr pou ha evaql ˜o- soum, ˜g touk ˜awistom ma pqospaho ˜um ma pqosecc˜i- soum ta em k ˜ocy lec ˜ehg. [. ] Pq ˜ojeitai cia apt ˜g jai lec ˜akgr jk˜ilajar ep˜idqasg g opo˜ia asje˜itai ep˜i tgr tilokociaj ˜gr pokitij ˜gr tym oije˜iym epiweiq ˜gseym. » Jat ˜a sum ˜epeia, oi elpkej ˜olemer epiweiq ˜gseir ˜ovei- kam ma cmyq˜ifoum tg h ˜esg tgr Epitqop ˜gr ˜emamti tgr uioh ˜etgsgr tgr leh ˜odou pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator. upokocislo ˜u emia˜iar st) Aqjet ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir tg diav ˜ameia tgr acoq ˜ar pou jahieq ˜ymetai le to ˜aqhqo 60 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW epijako ˜umtai (64) G Usinor, stir apamt ˜gseir tgr stir d ˜uo amajoim ˜yseir aiti ˜aseym, upostgq˜ifei ˜oti to s ˜ustgla q ˜uhlisgr tou ˜uxour tym til ˜ym, to opo˜io e˜imai cmyst ˜o stour oijo- molok ˜ocour biolgwamij ˜a pou aswoko ˜umtai le h ˜elata yr «basing point system», pqobk ˜epei qgt ˜yr to stoiwe˜io tgr sumemm ˜ogsgr letan ˜u tym oije˜iym epiwei- q ˜gseym, em ˜y g Thyssen Stahl AG ejvq ˜afei tgm ˜apoxg ˜oti oi peq˜i diav ˜ameiar upowqeytij ˜er quhl˜iseir tou ˜aqhqou 60 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW upowqe ˜ymoum tour pqolgheut ˜er ma paq ˜ewoum cemij ˜a pkgqovoqiaj ˜a stoiwe˜ia cia tir til ˜er pou sjope ˜uoum ma evaql ˜o- soum. (65) E˜imai akgh ˜er ˜oti to ˜aqhqo 60 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW upowqe ˜ymei tir epiweiq ˜gseir «ma dglosie ˜uoum tour tilojatak ˜ocour jai tour ˜oqour pyk ˜gseyr pou evaq- l ˜ofoum emt ˜or tgr joim ˜gr acoq ˜ar», akk ˜a oi em k ˜ocy til ˜er jai ˜oqoi pq ˜epei ma apovas˜ifomtai autotek ˜yr ap ˜o j ˜ahe epiwe˜iqgsg jai p ˜amtyr dem epitq ˜epetai ma 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/65 cmystopoio ˜umtai stour emdiaveq ˜olemour pqim aj ˜olg joimopoigho ˜um stgm Epitqop ˜g. G upowq ˜eysg tgr dglos˜ieus ˜gr tym til ˜ym dem lpoqe˜i se jal˜ia peq˜i- ptysg ma dijaiokoc ˜gsei tgm pqaclatopo˜igsg susj ˜e- xeyr letan ˜u amtacymistqi ˜ym epiweiq ˜gseym le sjop ˜o ˜g sum ˜epeia e˜ite ma epgqeashe˜i g sulpeqivoq ˜a stgm acoq ˜a j ˜apoiou uvist ˜alemou ˜g dumgtijo ˜u amtacy- mist ˜g, e˜ite ma apojakuvhe˜i se ˜emam t ˜etoiom amtacy- mist ˜g g tajtij ˜g pou lia ˜akkg epiwe˜iqgsg ˜ewei apovas˜isei ˜g sjope ˜uei ma ajokouh ˜gsei g ˜idia stgm acoq ˜a. (66) G Usinor upostgq˜ifei, en ˜akkou, ˜oti g emaql ˜omisg tym pqosaun ˜gseym tgr til ˜gr tym jqal ˜atym e˜imai ap ˜oq- qoia tou sust ˜glator jamomistij ˜ym quhl˜iseym pou isw ˜uei stgm EJAW cia to ˜uxor tym til ˜ym. Pkgm ˜olyr, jal˜ia di ˜atang tgr sumh ˜gjgr, o ˜ute tou paq ˜acy- cou dija˜iou dem epit ˜assei tgm evaqloc ˜g oiasd ˜gpote pqosa ˜ungsgr, o ˜ute, jat ˜a le˜ifoma k ˜oco, tgm oloio- loqv˜ia tou ˜uxour tgr. G ap ˜ovasg cia tgm emsyl ˜a- tysg liar pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator stir evaqlof ˜olemer til ˜er jai o pqosdioqisl ˜or tou ˜uxour tgr e˜imai fgt ˜glata cia ta opo˜ia apovas˜ifei j ˜ahe epiwe˜iqgsg atolij ˜a. To ˜aqhqo 60 dem epitq ˜epei stir epiweiq ˜gseir ma emaqlom˜ifoum tgm sulpeqivoq ˜a tour, o ˜ute ma ˜eqwomtai se sumemm ˜ogsg cia tom jahoqisl ˜o tym til ˜ym. f) Oqisl ˜emer epiweiq ˜gseir diavymo ˜um le tgm ˜apoxg tgr Epitqop ˜gr ˜oti g paq ˜abasg ˜ewei diaqj ˜g waqajt ˜gqa (67) Stgm ap ˜amtgs ˜g tgr stgm amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜aseym tgr 23gr Apqik˜iou 1997, g Usinor upostgq˜ifei ˜oti g ˜amodor em ˜or stoiwe˜iou tgr til ˜gr apoteke˜i lelomy- l ˜emo jai sticlia˜io cecom ˜or, ˜oti oi epav ˜er letan ˜u paqacyc ˜ym dem epamak ˜gvhgjam let ˜a tom Iamou ˜aqio tou 1994 jai ˜oti epol ˜emyr g paq ˜abasg dem lpoqe˜i ma waqajtgqishe˜i yr diaqj ˜gr. (68) G Avesta upemhul˜ifei ˜oti amajo˜imyse tgm jahi ˜eqysg m ˜ear leh ˜odou tom Mo ˜elbqio tou 1996. (69) G Thyssen Stahl AG upostgq˜ifei ˜oti g paq ˜abasg teqlat˜istgje tom Io ˜ukio tou 1994 to aqc ˜oteqo, dgkad ˜g ˜otam g til ˜g tou mijek˜iou ˜evhase ta pakai ˜a ep˜ipeda amavoq ˜ar. G AST ejvq ˜afei tgm ˜apoxg ˜oti g ˜oti paq ˜abasg up ˜gqne lelomyl ˜emg em ˜eqceia jai teqlat˜istgje tom Io ˜umio tou 1994. (70) L ˜omom to epiwe˜iqgla tgr Avesta lpoqe˜i ma c˜imei dejt ˜o, di ˜oti g jahi ˜eqysg tou m ˜eou tgr sust ˜glator e˜iwe yr apot ˜ekesla ma tehe˜i t ˜ekor stgm evaqloc ˜g tou ep˜ilawou l ˜etqou. Pio sucjejqil ˜ema, g paq ˜abasg sum˜istato stgm emaqlomisl ˜emg tqopopo˜igsg tym til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, oi opo˜ier ˜ejtote dem ˜ewoum tqopopoighe˜i ej m ˜eou autotek ˜yr ap ˜o tir oije˜ier epiweiq ˜gseir. To cecom ˜or ˜oti g til ˜g tou mijek˜iou ˜evhase tom Io ˜ukio tou 1994 stir pakai ˜er til ˜er amavoq ˜ar dem ˜ewei jal˜ia sglas˜ia, jai to ˜uto di ˜oti to evaqlof ˜olemo ap ˜o tir ˜uxor tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou epiweiq ˜gseir jq ˜alator ˜gtam jat’ am ˜acjg lecak ˜uteqo ap ˜o aut ˜o pou ha ˜gtam am dem e˜iwe up ˜aqnei tqopopo˜igsg tym til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar. (71) (72) (73) 5. Sulp˜eqasla amavoqij˜a le to ˜aqhqo 65 paq˜acqavor 1 Stgm up ˜ohesg cia tour dojo ˜ur w ˜akuba, g Epitqop ˜g dieujq˜imise (52) ˜oti oi pq ˜osheter epibaq ˜umseir tgr til ˜gr apoteko ˜um l ˜eqor tgr tekij ˜gr til ˜gr pou pq ˜epei ma jatabkghe˜i cia ta oije˜ia pqoˇi ˜omta stgm Euqy- paˇij ˜g Joim ˜otgta jai ˜oti, yr ej to ˜utou, oi sulvym˜ier cia tgm emaql ˜omisg tym pq ˜oshetym aut ˜ym epibaq ˜um- seym isodumalo ˜um le sulvym˜ier cia tom jahoqisl ˜o tym til ˜ym, oi opo˜ier amtiba˜imoum sto ˜aqhqo 65 paq ˜a- cqavor 1. epol ˜emyr, g Epitqop ˜g Stgm paqo ˜usa up ˜ohesg, heyqe˜i ˜oti oi paqacyco˜i amone˜idytou w ˜akuba tour opo˜iour avoq ˜a g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg a ˜ungsam tir til ˜er jat ˜opim sumemm ˜ogsgr ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994. Ta pqaclatij ˜a peqistatij ˜a pou peqicq ˜avomtai amyt ˜eqy stoiweioheto ˜um paq ˜abasg tou ˜aqhqou 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. B. Pq ˜ostila 1. Evaqloc˜g tou ˜aqhqou 65 paq˜acqavor 5 S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 65 paq ˜acqavor 5, g Epitqop ˜g d ˜umatai ma epib ˜akkei pq ˜ostila jai wqglatij ˜er poim ˜er jat ˜a tym epiweiq ˜gseym pou apodedeicl ˜ema ˜ewoum sum ˜axei lia autodija˜iyr ˜ajuqg sulvym˜ia ˜g ˜ewoum evaql ˜osei ˜g epiweiq ˜gsei ma evaql ˜osoum lia autodija˜iyr ˜ajuqg sulvym˜ia ˜g ap ˜ovasg ˜g oi opo˜ier epid˜idomtai se pqajtij ˜er amt˜iheter pqor tir diat ˜aneir tgr paqacq ˜avou 1. G Epitqop ˜g d ˜umatai ma epib ˜akkei pq ˜ostila ˜g wqgla- tij ˜er poim ˜er l ˜ewqi tou dipkas˜iou tou pqaclatopoig- h ˜emtor j ˜ujkou eqcasi ˜ym ep˜i tym pqoˇi ˜omtym ta opo˜ia apoteko ˜um to amtije˜ilemo tgr amt˜ihetgr pqor tir diat ˜aneir tou ˜aqhqou 65 paq ˜acqavor 1 sulvym˜iar, ˜g pqajtij ˜gr. Am ˜olyr amtije˜ilemo tgr ap ˜ovasgr sulvym˜iar, tgr ap ˜ovasgr ˜g tgr emaqlomisl ˜emgr pqajtij ˜gr e˜imai o peqioqisl ˜or tgr paqacyc ˜gr, tgr tewmij ˜gr amapt ˜uneyr ˜g tym epemd ˜useym, to am ˜ytato aut ˜o ˜oqio d ˜umatai ma aunghe˜i l ˜ewqi 10 % tou et ˜gsiou j ˜ujkou eqcasi ˜ym tym em k ˜ocy epiweiq ˜gseym, ev ˜osom pq ˜ojeitai cia pq ˜ostilo, jai l ˜ewqi 20 % tou gleq ˜g- siou j ˜ujkou eqcasi ˜ym, ev ˜osom pq ˜ojeitai cia wqgla- tij ˜g poim ˜g. 2. Sobaq˜otgta tgr paq˜abasgr epijako ˜umtai tgm ap ˜ovasg aut ˜g, (74) Lia sulvym˜ia ˜g lia emaqlomisl ˜emg pqajtij ˜g g opo˜ia aposjope˜i stgm oloi ˜oloqvg a ˜ungsg em ˜or stoiwe˜iou tgr til ˜gr apoteke˜i sobaq ˜g paq ˜abasg tou joimotijo ˜u dija˜iou. Oi epiweiq ˜gseir, cia ma dijaioko- c ˜gsoum tgm jq˜isilg oijomolij ˜g jat ˜astasg stgm opo˜ia e˜iwam buhishe˜i enait˜iar tgr taut ˜owqomgr epem ˜eqceiar tgr am ˜odou tym til ˜ym tym ousi ˜ym pou wqgsilopoio ˜umtai cia ta di ˜avoqa jq ˜alata jai tgr pt ˜ysgr tym til ˜ym tou amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. G Epitqop ˜g dem alvi- sbgte˜i to dija˜iyla pou ha e˜iwe jahel˜ia ap ˜o tir oije˜ier epiweiq ˜gseir ma hesp˜isei autotek ˜yr sucjejqi- l ˜ema l ˜etqa cia tgm amtilet ˜ypisg tgr jat ˜astasgr aut ˜gr. Yst ˜oso, e˜imai apaq ˜adejtg g emaql ˜omisg tou peqiewol ˜emou tym l ˜etqym aut ˜ym ej l ˜eqour tou sum ˜o- kou swed ˜om tym paqacyc ˜ym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. L 100/66 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 (75) (76) (77) Epeid ˜g g paq ˜abasg e˜imai jat ˜avyqg, dem ha ˜gtam emdedeicl ˜emg g epibok ˜g sulbokij ˜ym pqost˜ilym. Paq ˜oka aut ˜a, le b ˜asg tir pqoejtehe˜iser oijomolij ˜er jai molij ˜er paqal ˜etqour tgr up ˜ohesgr, jah ˜yr jai to ˜oti g sobaq ˜otgta tgr paq ˜abasgr e˜imai cecom ˜or swetij ˜g, g Epitqop ˜g vqome˜i ˜oti g paq ˜abasg pou apoteke˜i amtije˜ilemo tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr dem epis ˜uqei epawh ˜g pq ˜ostila. Cia tour pqoejteh ˜emter k ˜ocour, to ˜uxor tou pqost˜i- lou to opo˜io apoteke˜i sum ˜aqtgsg tgr sobaq ˜otgtar tgr paq ˜abasgr oq˜ifetai se 4 ejatoll ˜uqia Ecu. ˜Oker oi epiweiq ˜gseir tir opo˜ier avoq ˜a g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg e˜imai lec ˜akym diast ˜aseym. Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o, dem e˜imai amacja˜io ma pqobkevhe˜i swetij ˜g diavoqopo˜igsg tou ˜uxour tou jatabkgt ˜eou ap ˜o j ˜ahe epiwe˜iqgsg pqost˜ilou. 3. Di˜aqjeia tgr paq˜abasgr (78) G Epitqop ˜g, paq ˜a tg sukkocistij ˜g pou amapt ˜usse- tai stgm aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 50, heyqe˜i ˜oti g emaql ˜o- misg nej˜imgse le tg s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr tom Dej ˜elbqio tou 1993 jai sumew˜istgje ˜ejtote ap ˜o ˜oker tir epiweiq ˜gseir, le ena˜iqesg tgm Avesta Sheffield, g opo˜ia amajo˜imyse tom Mo ˜elbqio tou 1996 tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tgr ma aqw˜isei ma wqgsilopoie˜i diavoqe- tij ˜g l ˜ehodo upokocislo ˜u, jah ˜yr jai tgm Thyssen Stahl AG, g opo˜ia di ˜ejoxe tir dqastgqi ˜otgt ˜er tgr stom jk ˜ado tym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1995. (79) (80) E˜imai sumep ˜yr sj ˜opilg g pqosa ˜ungsg tou poso ˜u pou ˜ewei jahoqishe˜i am ˜akoca le tg sobaq ˜otgta tgr paq ˜abasgr jat ˜a 1,6 ejatoll ˜uqio Ecu cia tir Acerinox, ALZ, AST, Krupp Hoesch Stahl jai Usinor. Cia tir Thyssen jai Avesta evaql ˜ofomtai pqosaun ˜g- seir ˜uxour 0,4 ejatoll ˜uqio Ecu jai 1,2 ejatoll ˜uqio Ecu, amtisto˜iwyr. Ta basij ˜a pos ˜a jahoq˜ifomtai epol ˜emyr se 5,6 ejatoll ˜uqia Ecu cia tir Acerinox, ALZ, AST, Krupp jai Usinor, se 5,2 ejatoll ˜uqia Ecu cia tgm Avesta jai se 4,4 ejatoll ˜uqia Ecu cia tgm Thyssen. 4. Epibaqumtij˜er jai ekavqumtij˜er peqist˜aseir (81) G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i ˜oti g Usinor ˜epaine pqytacymi- stij ˜o q ˜oko stir ep˜ilawer sumemmo ˜gseir, dedol ˜emou ˜oti g Usinor ˜gtam aut ˜g g opo˜ia diem ˜gqcgse tour upokocislo ˜ur jat ˜a tg s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr jai g opo˜ia, let ˜a tg s ˜usjexg, diab˜ibase stour up ˜okoi- pour paqacyco ˜ur ta sulpeq ˜aslata tgr s ˜usjexgr laf˜i le tom oqistij ˜o upokocisl ˜o tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator (53). To cecom ˜or aut ˜o dijaio- koce˜i tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tou basijo ˜u poso ˜u jat ˜a 25 % cia tgm Usinor ˜emeja epibaqumtij ˜ym peqist ˜aseym. (83) (84) (85) (86) (87) (88) stg Dam˜ia, tg dglos˜ieuse l ˜okir tom L ˜aio tou 1994, le sjop ˜o ma tgm evaql ˜osei stgm j ˜uqia acoq ˜a tgr (tgm ispamij ˜g) tom Io ˜umio (54). En ˜akkou, g oijomolij ˜g jat ˜astasg tou jk ˜adou sta t ˜ekg tou 1993 ˜gtam idia˜iteqa jq˜isilg. G til ˜g tou mijek˜iou aunam ˜otam qacda˜ia, em ˜y g til ˜g tou amone˜i- dytou w ˜akuba ˜gtam pok ˜u walgk ˜g. Pq ˜epei ma sgleiy- he˜i ˜oti oi eidij ˜er aut ˜er peqist ˜aseir ˜iswusam l ˜omo jat ˜a to ˜okyr aqwij ˜o st ˜adio tgr ep˜ilawgr emaqlomi- sl ˜emgr sulpeqivoq ˜ar. Ta amyt ˜eqy dedol ˜ema dijaiokoco ˜um tgm ek ˜attysg tou basijo ˜u poso ˜u ˜emeja ekavqumtij ˜ym peqist ˜a- seym jat ˜a 30 % cia tgm Acerinox jai jat ˜a 10 % cia ˜oker tir up ˜okoiper epiweiq ˜gseir. 5. Evaqloc˜g tgr amajo˜imysgr tgr Epitqop˜gr swetij˜aletglgepibok˜g ˜gtgle˜iysgtympqost˜i- lym se peqipt˜yseir sulpq˜aneym(55) Stir apamt ˜gseir tour stgm joimopo˜igsg aiti ˜aseym tgr 19gr Dejelbq˜iou 1995, oi epiweiq ˜gseir tir opo˜ier avoq ˜a g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg ed ˜gkysam ˜oti dem alvi- sbgto ˜um tgm ˜upaqng emia˜iar leh ˜odou cia tom upoko- cisl ˜o tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator ej l ˜eqour tym diav ˜oqym euqypa˜iym paqacyc ˜ym. Oi ˜eqeumer oi opo˜ier dien ˜gwhgsam ap ˜o tom Io ˜ukio tou 1995 l ˜ewqi tom Dej ˜elbqio tou 1996 aposjopo ˜usam stgm aposav ˜gmisg tou peqiewol ˜emou tym epav ˜ym pou pqaclatopoi ˜ghgjam letan ˜u tym epiweiq ˜gseym pqim ap ˜o tgm tqopopo˜igsg tym til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator to 1994. Oqisl ˜emer ap ˜o tir epiweiq ˜gseir aqm ˜ghgjam jatgcoqg- latij ˜a tgm piham ˜otgta ma ˜ewei up ˜aqnei oiad ˜gpote epijoimym˜ia. Eidij ˜oteqa, g Acerinox ed ˜gkyse le amavoq ˜a tgr jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr epit ˜opiar ˜eqeumar tgr 25gr Septelbq˜iou 1996 ta en ˜gr: «No recibieron informaci(cid:155)n». (56). Oi Krupp jai Thyssen ed ˜gkysam le epistok ˜g tour tgr 23gr Ojtybq˜iou 1996, ˜epeita ap ˜o tgm epit ˜opia ˜eqeuma pou pqaclatopoi ˜ghgje stir 8 Ojtybq˜iou 1996, ˜oti dem cmystopo˜igsam tgm ap ˜ovas ˜g tour paq ˜a l ˜omo let ˜a tir 17 Ojtybq˜iou 1996 (gleqolgm˜ia joimopo˜igsgr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜ala- tor stgm Epitqop ˜g), jah ˜yr jai ˜oti oi amtacymist ˜er tour dem tour diab˜ibasam jal˜ia swetij ˜g pkgqovoq˜ia pqim ap ˜o tgm joimopo˜igsg, ej l ˜eqour aut ˜ym tym tekeuta˜iym, stgm Epitqop ˜g (57). tilojatak ˜ocym tour tym (89) Jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr epit ˜opiar ˜eqeumar tgr 17gr Ojtybq˜iou 1996, g Ugine aqm ˜ghgje ma dieujqim˜isei stgm Epitqop ˜g e ˜am e˜iwe cmystopoi ˜gsei stour amta- cymist ˜er tgr tir pqoh ˜eseir tgr amavoqij ˜a le tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator (58). (82) G Epitqop ˜g d ˜ewetai ep˜isgr ˜oti g Acerinox, lokom ˜oti dioqc ˜amyse ap ˜o pqajtij ˜g sjopi ˜a tg s ˜usjexg tgr Ladq˜itgr jai ˜aqwise ma evaql ˜ofei tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator ap ˜o tom l ˜gma Vebqou ˜aqio (90) J ˜apoier ˜akker epiweiq ˜gseir epibeba˜iysam em l ˜eqei oqisl ˜emer pkgqovoq˜ier tir opo˜ier e˜iwe ˜gdg sumek ˜enei g Epitqop ˜g. Se ap ˜amtgsg ait ˜gseyr upobok ˜gr pkgqo- voqiaj ˜ym stoiwe˜iym, g ALZ ed ˜gkyse ta en ˜gr: 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/67 «ALZ herinnert zich niet in de periode van 1 augustus 1993 tot 1 februari 1994 inlichtingen ontvangen te hebben van andere producenten van roestvrij staal met betrekking tot de wijziging van de drempelwaarden van (. ) ALZ heeft vervolgens, rond 15 de legeringstoeslag. januari, aan de andere marktdeelnemers, i. e. cli(cid:137)nten, producenten en agenten, meegedeeld dat het voornemens was een legeringstoeslag bekend te maken voor leveringen vanaf 1 februari 1994. » (59). (91) G AST, se epistok ˜g tgr 31gr Ojtybq˜iou 1996, ed ˜gkyme ta aj ˜okouha: (92) «L’AST precisa comunque di avere sentito dire che (cid:138) stato rinvenuto dalla Commissione il testo di un documento che l’AST avrebbe a sua volta successivamente ritrasmesso alla Outokumpu. » (60). To Dej ˜elbqio tou 1996 jai tom Iamou ˜aqio tou 1997, let ˜a tgm okojk ˜gqysg ej l ˜eqour tgr Epitqop ˜gr liar seiq ˜ar epiheyq ˜gseym stir ecjatast ˜aseir ˜eni ej tym etaiqei ˜ym pqor tir opo˜ier apeuh ˜umetai g paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg, jah ˜yr jai tgr Outokumpu jai tgr Edelstahl Witten Krefeld, oi dijgc ˜oqoi tym etaiqei ˜ym ALZ, AST, Avesta, Krupp-Thyssen jai Usinor Sacilor, jah ˜yr jai oi ejpq ˜osypoi cmystopo˜igsam stgm Epitqop ˜g tgm epihul˜ia tour ma sumeqcasho ˜um le aut ˜gm sto pka˜isio tgr paqo ˜usar diadijas˜iar. Stgm tir opo˜ier Epitqop ˜g upobk ˜ghgjam dgk ˜yseir le amacmyqif ˜otam g ajq˜ibeia tym pqaclatij ˜ym peqi- statij ˜ym ej l ˜eqour tym Acerinox, ALZ, Avesta, Krupp jai Thyssen jai Usinor Sacilor (stir 17 Dejelbq˜iou 1996) jai ej l ˜eqour tgr AST (stir 10 Iamouaq˜iou 1997). tgr Acerinox (93) G sumeqcas˜ia aut ˜g pq ˜epei ma aniokocghe˜i up ˜o to pq˜isla tym jqitgq˜iym pou jahoq˜ifomtai stgm Epitqop ˜gr amajo˜imysg pqolmglomeuhe˜isa swetij ˜a le tg lg epibok ˜g ˜g tg le˜iysg tym pqost˜i- lym se peqipt ˜yseir sulpq ˜aneym. tgr (94) Jal˜ia ap ˜o tir epiweiq ˜gseir dem dijaio ˜utai ma fgt ˜g- sei tgm upacyc ˜g tgr stir diat ˜aneir tou tl ˜glator B tgr amajo˜imysgr, pou titkovoqe˜itai «Lg epibok ˜g pqost˜ilou ˜g pok ˜u sglamtij ˜g le˜iysg tou ˜uxour tou». Eidij ˜oteqa, jal˜ia ap ˜o tir epiweiq ˜gseir dem jat ˜gcceike tgm ep˜ilawg s ˜ulpqang stgm Epitqop ˜g pqim aj ˜olg aut ˜g g tekeuta˜ia k ˜abei l ˜etqa cia tg dieqe ˜umgsg tgr up ˜ohesgr ˜g ˜esty joimopoi ˜gsei tir aiti ˜aseir tgr stir 19 Dejelbq˜iou 1995. (95) Jal˜ia ap ˜o tir epiweiq ˜gseir dem dijaio ˜utai, en ˜akkou, ma upawhe˜i stir diat ˜aneir tou tl ˜glator C, to opo˜io titkovoqe˜itai «Sglamtij ˜g le˜iysg tou ˜uxour tou pqost˜ilou». Eidij ˜oteqa, l ˜omom g Avesta ˜ehese t ˜ekor stgm paq ˜abasg ap ˜o 1gr Moelbq˜iou 1996, akk ˜a g em k ˜ocy epiwe˜iqgsg dem ˜gtam g pq ˜ytg g opo˜ia pqosj ˜o- lise stoiwe˜ia jahoqistij ˜a cia tgm ap ˜odeing tgr ˜upaqngr tgr sulpq ˜aneyr, dedol ˜emou ˜oti ta jahoqi- stij ˜a stoiwe˜ia swetij ˜a le tgm up ˜ohesg pqosjol˜i- stgjam ap ˜o tgm Outokumpu jat ˜a tgm epit ˜opia ˜eqeuma tgr 17gr Ojtybq˜iou 1996. (96) ˜Oker oi elpkej ˜olemer epiweiq ˜gseir d ˜umamtai ma upawho ˜um, se diavoqetij ˜o bahl ˜o, stir diat ˜aneir tou tl ˜glator D tgr amajo˜imysgr, to opo˜io titkovoqe˜i- tai «Ani ˜okocg le˜iysg tou ˜uxour tou pqost˜ilou». (97) Lom ˜awa g Usinor jai g Avesta paqad ˜ewhgjam tgm ˜upaqng tgr sulpq ˜aneyr. En ˜akkou, g Avesta, jat ˜a tgm epit ˜opia ˜eqeuma tgr 18gr Ojtybq˜iou 1996, am ˜ekabe tg d ˜esleusg ma pqobe˜i se dienodij ˜g ˜eqeuma tym aqwe˜iym tgr pqojeil ˜emou ma ame ˜uqei tuw ˜om stoiwe˜ia pou pistopoio ˜um tgm pqaclatopo˜igsg oiymd ˜gpote epav ˜ym. Oqisl ˜ema ˜eccqava ta opo˜ia apodeijm ˜uoum tgm pqaclatopo˜igsg tym ep˜ilawym epav ˜ym diabib ˜a- stgjam pq ˜aclati stgm Epitqop ˜g stir 31 Ojtybq˜iou 1996. T ˜ekor, g Avesta e˜imai g l ˜omg epiwe˜iqgsg g opo˜ia ˜ehese t ˜ekor stgm paqab˜iasg, tqopopoi ˜ymtar qifij ˜a tg l ˜ehodo upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou ev ˜aqlofe jai amakalb ˜amomtar le tom tq ˜opo aut ˜o ˜emam sglamtij ˜o epiweiqglatij ˜o j˜imdumo. G Usinor, en ˜akkou, ˜gtam g pq ˜ytg g opo˜ia emgl ˜eqyse tgm Epitqop ˜g swetij ˜a le tgm pqaclato- po˜igsg tgr s ˜usjexgr tgr Ladq˜itgr. (98) tir Oi dgk ˜yseir jai oi apamt ˜gseir stir aiti ˜aseir tgr Epitqop ˜gr etaiqe˜ier Krupp-Thyssen-Nirosta GmbH, Thyssen Stahl AG, AST SpA jai ALZ NV dem pqosh ˜etoum jam ˜ema m ˜eo stoi- we˜io jai alvisbgto ˜um tgm ˜upaqng tgr sulpq ˜aneyr. up ˜ebakam opo˜ier oi (99) G Acerinox, en ˜akkou, paqad ˜ewetai stgm ap ˜amtgs ˜g tgr pqor tgm amajo˜imysg tym aiti ˜aseym tgr 24gr Apqi- k˜iou 1997 tgm ˜upaqng tgr sulpq ˜aneyr, akk ˜a aqme˜itai tg sulletow ˜g tgr se aut ˜gm. (100) G sumeqcas˜ia oqisl ˜emym epiweiq ˜gseym (tgr Usinor jai tgr Avesta) up ˜gqne epol ˜emyr sglamtij ˜g, akk ˜a g Epitqop ˜g e˜imai amacjasl ˜emg ma k ˜abei ep˜isgr up ˜oxg to cecom ˜or ˜oti g sumeqcas˜ia tour aut ˜g jahust ˜eqgse upeqbokij ˜a. Pqojeil ˜emou cia tg sumeqcas˜ia tym upoko˜ipym epiweiq ˜gseym (Krupp, Thyssen, AST, ALZ jai Acerinox), ˜gtam pio peqioqisl ˜emg, up ˜o tgm ˜emmoia ˜oti oi epiweiq ˜gseir aut ˜er dem pqosej ˜olisam jam ˜ema apodeijtij ˜o ˜eccqavo, o ˜ute epijak ˜estgjam j ˜apoio pqaclatij ˜o peqistatij ˜o to opo˜io ma lgm ˜ewei ˜gdg up ˜oxg tgr g Epitqop ˜g, jai epipk ˜eom dem paqad ˜e- whgjam tgm paq ˜abasg. (101) Enait˜iar tym amyt ˜eqy, dijaiokoce˜itai g ek ˜attysg tou poso ˜u tou pqost˜ilou jat ˜a 10 % cia ˜oker tir epiweiq ˜gseir, le ena˜iqesg tir Avesta jai Usinor, cia tir opo˜ier to pos ˜o tou pqost˜ilou ekatto ˜utai jat ˜a 40 %. 6. G eidij˜g peq˜iptysg tgr Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH (102) Le epistok ˜g tgr 23gr Iouk˜iou 1997, g Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH ed ˜gkyse ˜oti amakalb ˜amei tgm euh ˜umg cia tir em ˜eqceier tym Thyssen Stahl AG jai Krupp Hoesch Stahl AG ap ˜o to 1993 jai let ˜a. To cecom ˜or aut ˜o kalb ˜ametai up ˜oxg stir diat ˜aneir tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr. C. Lg evaqloc ˜g tou ˜aqhqou 65 paq ˜acqavor 2 (103) S ˜ulvyma le to ˜aqhqo 65 paq ˜acqavor 2, g Epitqop ˜g epitq ˜epei, up ˜o oqisl ˜emer pqoˇupoh ˜eseir, tir sulvym˜ier eneidije ˜useyr, tir sulvym˜ier ap ˜o joimo ˜u acoq ˜ar ˜g pyk ˜gseyr, jah ˜yr jai eje˜imer oi opo˜ier e˜imai ap ˜okuta am ˜akocer yr pqor tg v ˜usg tour jai ta apotek ˜eslat ˜a tour le tir sulvym˜ier aut ˜er. Am upotehe˜i ˜oti up ˜gqne L 100/68 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 tupij ˜g sulvym˜ia, dem upobk ˜ghgje jal˜ia a˜itgsg cia tgm enasv ˜akisg tgr ˜ecjqis ˜gr tgr jat’ evaqloc ˜g tou pqoamaveqh ˜emtor ˜aqhqou tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW. O ˜utyr ˜g ˜akkyr, lia paq ˜oloia sulvym˜ia dem e˜imai dumat ˜o ma upawhe˜i se jal˜ia ap ˜o tir jatgcoq˜ier sulvymi ˜ym cia tir opo˜ier lpoqe˜i ma woqgcghe˜i ˜ecjqisg. G Epitqop ˜g heyqe˜i, amtih ˜etyr, ˜oti lia sulvym˜ia aut ˜gr tgr loqv ˜gr apoteke˜i sulvym˜ia cia tom jahoqisl ˜o ˜g tom pqosdioqisl ˜o tym til ˜ym jat ˜a tgm ˜emmoia tou ˜aqhqou 65 paq ˜acqavor 1 tgr sumh ˜g- jgr EJAW, ENEDYSE TGM PAQOUSA APOVASG: ˜Aqhqo 1 Oi epiweiq ˜gseir Acerinox SA, ALZ NV, Acciai Speciali Terni SpA, Avesta Sheffield AB, Krupp Hoesch Stahl AG, (Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH ap ˜o tgm 1g Iamouaq˜iou 1995), Thyssen Stahl AG (Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH ap ˜o tgm 1g Iamoua- q˜iou 1995) jai Ugine SA paq ˜ebgsam to ˜aqhqo 65 paq ˜acqa- vor 1 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW, ap ˜o tom Dej ˜elbqio tou 1993 l ˜ewqi tom Mo ˜elbqio tou 1996 se ˜o,ti avoq ˜a tgm Avesta Shef- field jai l ˜ewqi tgm gleqolgm˜ia ˜ejdosgr tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr stgm peq˜iptysg ˜okym tym upoko˜ipym epiweiq ˜g- seym, di ˜a tgr emaqlomisl ˜emgr tqopopo˜igsgr jai evaqloc ˜gr tym til ˜ym amavoq ˜ar tgr leh ˜odou upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜u- ngsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, pqajtij ˜g g opo˜ia e˜iwe yr sjop ˜o akk ˜a jai yr apot ˜ekesla tom peqioqisl ˜o jai tg m ˜oheusg tgr jamomij ˜gr keitouqc˜iar tou amtacymislo ˜u stgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a. ˜Aqhqo 2 Cia tir paqab ˜aseir pou peqicq ˜avomtai sto ˜aqhqo 1, epib ˜ak- komtai le tgm paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg ta aj ˜okouha pq ˜ostila: — Acerinox SA: — ALZ NV: — Acciai Speciali Terni SpA: — Avesta Sheffield AB: — Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH: — Usinor SA: 3 530 000 Ecu, 4 540 000 Ecu, 4 540 000 Ecu, 2 810 000 Ecu, 8 100 000 Ecu, 3 860 000 Ecu. ˜Aqhqo 3 Ta pq ˜ostila pou pqobk ˜epomtai sto ˜aqhqo 2 e˜imai jatabkg- t ˜ea stgm Epitqop ˜g tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym, emt ˜or tqi ˜ym lgm ˜ym ap ˜o tgm joimopo˜igsg tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, stour kocaqiaslo ˜ur: Die ˜uhumsg Aqihl ˜or kocaqiaslo ˜u cia: Ehmij ˜o m ˜olisla Ecu Ceqlam˜ia Dresdner Bank AG (BLZ 300 800 00) D(cid:129)sseldorf B ˜ekcio Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) G(cid:130)n(cid:130)rale de Banque SA 3, Montagne du Parc B-1000 Brussel Ispam˜ia Banco Espa˜nol de Cr(cid:130)dito Calle Mesena, 80 E-28033 Madrid Cakk˜ia Soci(cid:130)t(cid:130) G(cid:130)n(cid:130)rale Agence Centrale F-75428 Paris Cedex 09 Itak˜ia Banca Commerciale Italiana I-20121 Milan Sougd˜ia Nordbanken H68 S-105 71 Stockholm 2 114 628 2 114 628 00 210-0000107-62 210-0000107-62 137. 003-270 394. 002-278 30003-03010-00067030000/22 30003-03010-00077001001/73 961794/02/09 961794/49/56 3959 77 084 85 3968 77 4 76 76 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/69 Ta pq ˜ostila cemmo ˜um autodija˜iyr t ˜ojour ap ˜o tgr paqeke ˜u- seyr tgr amyt ˜eqy pqohesl˜iar. To swetij ˜o epit ˜ojio e˜imai aut ˜o pou to Euqypaˇij ˜o Molislatij ˜o ˜Idqula evaql ˜ofei cia tir pq ˜aneir tou se Ecu jai to opo˜io isw ˜uei tgm pq ˜ytg eqc ˜asilg gl ˜eqa tou l ˜gma ˜ejdosgr tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, pqosaungl ˜emo jat ˜a tqeir jai lis ˜g posostia˜ier lom ˜ader, ˜gtoi 7,75 %. ˜Aqhqo 4 Oi Acerinox SA, ALZ NV, Acciai Speciali Terni SpA, Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH jai Usinor SA jako ˜umtai ma h ˜esoum p ˜aqauta t ˜ekor stir paqab ˜aseir pou amav ˜eqomtai sto ˜aqhqo 1 jai ma joimopoi ˜gsoum stgm Epitqop ˜g, emt ˜or tqil ˜gmou ap ˜o tgm joimopo˜igsg tgr paqo ˜usar ap ˜ovasgr, ta l ˜etqa pou ha ˜ewoum k ˜abei ci’ aut ˜om tom sjop ˜o. Oi epiweiq ˜gseir pou lmglome ˜uomtai sto ˜aqhqo 1 ove˜ikoum ma ap ˜ewoum ap ˜o tgm epam ˜akgxg tym pq ˜aneym jai tym pqajtij ˜ym pou pqosdioq˜ifomtai sto pqoamaveqh ˜em ˜aqhqo, jah ˜yr jai ap ˜o tg k ˜gxg pamt ˜or l ˜etqou isodum ˜alou apote- k ˜eslator. ˜Aqhqo 5 G paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg apeuh ˜umetai stir aj ˜okouher epiweiq ˜g- seir: 1. Acerinox SA, Santiago de Compostela 100, E-28035 Madrid, 2. ALZ NV, Industrieterrein Genk-Zuid Rechteroever, B-3600 Genk, 3. Acciai Speciali Terni SpA, Viale B. Brin 218, I-05100 Terni, 4. Avesta Sheffield AB, Vasagatan 8-10 PO Box 16377, S-10327 Stockholm, 5. Krupp Thyssen Nirosta GmbH, Alleestraße 165, D-44793 Bochum, 6. Usinor SA, La D(cid:130)fense 7, 13 cours Valmy, F-92800 Puteaux. G paqo ˜usa ap ˜ovasg apoteke˜i ejtekest ˜o t˜itko dum ˜alei tou ˜aqhqou 92 tgr sumh ˜gjgr. Bqun ˜ekker, 21 Iamouaq˜iou 1998. Cia tgm Epitqop˜g Karel VAN MIERT L˜ekor tgr Epitqop˜gr SGLEIYSEIS (1) Ap ˜ovasg 95/421/EJ tgr Epitqop ˜gr, tgr 21gr Dejelbq˜iou 1994, cia to sulbib ˜asilo liar sucj ˜emtqysgr le tgm joim ˜g acoq ˜a (up ˜ohesg IV/M. 484 Krupp/Thyssen/Riva/Falck/Tadfin/AST) (EE L 251 tgr 19. 10. 1995, s. 18). (2) Bk ˜epe tgm uposgle˜iysg 1. (3) Ap ˜ovasg tgr Epitqop ˜gr, tgr 26gr Iouk˜iou 1994, cia tgm ˜ecjqisg tgr dgliouqc˜iar ej l ˜eqour tym Fried Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp jai Thyssen Stahl AG liar joim ˜gr epiwe˜iqgsgr le amtije˜ilemo tgm paqacyc ˜g pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym ap ˜o eidijo ˜ur amone˜idytour w ˜akuber, lec ˜akgr amtow ˜gr sta on ˜ea jai stir uxgk ˜er heqlojqa- s˜ier. (4) Bk ˜epe, ep˜i paqade˜iclati, tgm en ˜gr d ˜gkysg tgr Acerinox tgr 17. 12. 1996: «La f(cid:155)rmula en su estado actual viene aplic ´andose desde el a˜no 1988. » («g l ˜ehodor up ˜o tgm paqo ˜usa tgr loqv ˜g evaql ˜ofetai ˜opyr ep˜isgr tgm aj ˜okouhg d ˜gkysg tgr AST: ˜gdg ap ˜o to 1988. »), «(. ) la Ilva SpA (che comprendeva la allora Divisione Acciai Speciali che, dopo la scissione del 1994 (cid:138) divenuta la AST) applicava l’extra di lega gi(cid:133) nel 1988. » — [«(. ) g etaiqe˜ia Ilva SpA (g opo˜ia peqie- k ˜albame to t ˜ote tl ˜gla eidij ˜ym wak ˜ubym, to opo˜io let ˜a tg di ˜aspasg tou 1994 letetq ˜apg stgm etaiqe˜ia AST) ev ˜aqlofe ˜gdg tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator to 1988. »]. (5) Ap ˜ovasg 90/417/EJAW tgr Epitqop ˜gr, tgr 18gr Iouk˜iou 1990, swetij ˜a le tg diadijas˜ia evaqloc ˜gr tou ˜aqhqou 65 tgr sumh ˜g- jgr EJAW pou avoq ˜a sulvym˜ia jai emaqlomisl ˜emer pqajtij ˜er letan ˜u euqypa˜iym paqacyc ˜ym pkat ˜eym pqoˇi ˜omtym xuwq ˜gr ek ˜aseyr amone˜idytou w ˜akuba (EE L 220 tgr 15. 8. 1990, s. 28). (6) S ˜ulvyma le tgm d ˜gkysg (bk ˜epe uposgle˜iysg 4) tgr Acerinox «Acerinox SA conforme lo muestran los hechos que posteriormente acontecieron, no promovi(cid:155) dicha reuni(cid:155)n, aunque si, una vez decidida por las partes su convocatoria en Madrid, a petici(cid:155)n de los asistentes, reserv(cid:155) un establecimiento para que la misma pudiera tener lugar. » dgkad ˜g: «G Acerinox SA, ˜opyr pistopoio ˜um ta letacem ˜esteqa cecom ˜ota, dem e˜iwe tgm pqytobouk˜ia cia tgm pqaclatopo˜igsg tgr em k ˜ocy s ˜usjexgr, am jai e˜imai akgh ˜er ˜oti, av’ gr sticl ˜gr ta l ˜eqg apov ˜asisam tgm s ˜ucjkgs ˜g tgr stg Ladq˜itg jai jat ˜o- pim ait ˜glat ˜or tour, vq ˜omtise cia tgm enasv ˜akisg tou w ˜yqou ˜opou ha pqaclatopoie˜ito». (7) «Pqaclatopoi ˜ghgje s ˜usjexg stg Ladq˜itg stir 15 Dejelbq˜iou 1993. Ta l ˜eqg ˜ekabam tgm ap ˜ovasg cia tg dioqc ˜amysg tgr s ˜usjexgr aut ˜gr pqojeil ˜emou ma sufgt ˜gsoum (. ) swetij ˜a le tgm pqobkglatij ˜g jat ˜astasg tgr acoq ˜ar tym pq ˜ytym uk ˜ym pou wqgsilopoio ˜umtai cia tgm paqacyc ˜g amone˜idytou w ˜akuba, jah ˜yr jai cia tom enaiqetij ˜a eulet ˜abkgto waqajt ˜gqa tym til ˜ym tym em k ˜ocy pq ˜ytym uk ˜ym. » (8) «Jat ˜a tg s ˜usjexg ˜ecime amtakkac ˜g ap ˜oxeym swetij ˜a le tir dusjok˜ier tir opo˜ier dgliouqco ˜um oi di ˜avoqer letabok ˜er tym til ˜ym pou peqicq ˜avomtai pio p ˜amy, jah ˜yr jai swetij ˜a le tg sjopil ˜otgta epamavoq ˜ar se isw ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pqojeil ˜emou ma upeqpgdgho ˜um oi dusjok˜ier aut ˜er. » (9) «G suf ˜gtgsg peqistq ˜avgje c ˜uqy ap ˜o tg cemij ˜yr jaj ˜g oijomo- lij ˜g jat ˜astasg jai tour pihamo ˜ur tq ˜opour en ˜odou ap ˜o aut ˜gm. » (10) «Stir 16 Dejelbq˜iou 1993 pqaclatopoi ˜ghgje sto nemodowe˜io [. ] stg Ladq˜itg s ˜usjexg g opo˜ia ˜edyse tg dumat ˜otgta amtak- kac ˜gr ap ˜oxeym letan ˜u tym paqacyc ˜ym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. » (11) «Up ˜o tir sumh ˜gjer aut ˜er jai pqojeil ˜emou ma eneuqehe˜i od ˜or diavuc ˜gr ap ˜o tgm pqoejtehe˜isa jq˜isg, pqaclatopoi ˜ghgje s ˜usjexg letan ˜u euqypa˜iym paqacyc ˜ym w ˜akuba». tym juqi ˜oteqym (12) S ˜ulvyma le tg d ˜gkysg tgr Acerinox: «El Sr Laquay expuso c(cid:155)mo se hab(cid:146)a aplicado hist(cid:155)ricamente el extra de aleaci(cid:155)n. », dgkad ˜g: «O j. Laquay en ˜gcgse tom tq ˜opo le tom opo˜iom e˜iwe evaqloshe˜i jat ˜a to paqekh ˜om g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator. » (13) «O j. Laquay, yr eidij ˜or sto h ˜ela tou upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜u- ngsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, upok ˜ocise, le tg bo ˜gheia p˜imaja jai pa˜iqmomtar yr paq ˜adeicla tir til ˜er tir opo˜ier g etaiqe˜ia tou ev ˜aqlofe stg Cakk˜ia, tom epipk ˜eom j ˜ujko eqcasi ˜ym pou ˜gtam dumat ˜o ma pqaclatopoighe˜i w ˜aqg stgm jat ˜akkgkg tqopopo˜igsg tou oq˜iou emeqcopo˜igsgr tgr leh ˜odou stg cakkij ˜g acoq ˜a. » L 100/70 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym 1. 4. 98 (14) «Jat ˜a tgm em k ˜ocy s ˜usjexg, oi let ˜ewomter en ˜etasam ep˜isgr jat ˜a p ˜osom ˜gtam apaqa˜itgto, le dedol ˜emo tom eulet ˜abkgto waqajt ˜gqa tgr acoq ˜ar pq ˜ytym uk ˜ym, stgm opo˜ia g Acerinox SA dem ˜ewei jal˜ia am ˜aleing, ma evaql ˜ofetai ˜emamti tym pekat ˜ym g pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator b ˜asei cmyst ˜gr leh ˜odou dojilasl ˜emgr jat ˜a to paqekh ˜om, akk ˜a le jat ˜akkgker til ˜er amavoq ˜ar oi opo˜ier ma epitq ˜epoum tgm amtilet ˜ypisg tou oko ˜ema pio jeqdosjopijo ˜u waqajt ˜gqa tym pq ˜aneym sto wqglatist ˜gqio let ˜akkym tou Komd˜imou. » (15) «Jat ˜a tg s ˜usjexg aut ˜g sufgt ˜ghgjam oi pqytobouk˜ier stir opo˜ier jaheli ˜a ap ˜o tir let ˜ewouser etaiqe˜ier esj ˜opeue ma k ˜abei cia to h ˜ela jai e˜iwe jatastq ˜ysei pakai ˜oteqa up ˜o sumh ˜gjer pk ˜gqour automol˜iar (touk ˜awistom se ˜o,ti avoq ˜a tgm AST). Pqo ˜ejuxe ab˜iasta s ˜ucjkisg ap ˜oxeym cia tgm uioh ˜etgsg, yr jat ˜ytatou oq˜iou emeqcopo˜igsgr tgr leh ˜odou, tgr til ˜gr tou mijek˜iou tom Sept ˜elbqio tou 1993. » (16) «Oi let ˜ewomter amt ˜gkkanam paq ˜oloier ap ˜oxeir swetij ˜a le tgm pqosvuc ˜g stg l ˜ehodo upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator g opo˜ia evaqlof ˜otam jat ˜a to paqekh ˜om. Jat ˜a tgm em k ˜ocy amtakkac ˜g ap ˜oxeym, oi ejpq ˜osypoi tgr ASAB en ˜ehesam tir ap ˜oxeir tour swetij ˜a le tg wq ˜gsg tgr leh ˜odou upokocislo ˜u pou e˜iwe uiohetghe˜i sto paqekh ˜om, akk ˜a le m ˜eer til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr. » (17) «Up ˜o tir dedol ˜emer sumh ˜gjer, g l ˜omg dumat ˜g k ˜usg cia tgm apotqop ˜g tgr en ˜ekingr aut ˜gr sum˜istatai stgm pqosp ˜aheia epamajahi ˜eqysgr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, tgr opo˜iar g evaqloc ˜g ˜ewei amastake˜i k ˜ocy tgr pt ˜ysgr tgr til ˜gr tym stoiwe˜iym jq ˜alator j ˜aty ap ˜o to ˜oqio emeqcopo˜igsgr pou ˜iswue l ˜ewqi t ˜ote. (. ) Jat ˜a tgm ˜idia sum ˜amtgsg, o j. Pl(cid:148)macher ed ˜gkyse ajoko ˜uhyr ˜oti g Krupp ha heyqo ˜use lekkomtij ˜yr yr ˜oqio emeqcopo˜igsgr tg walgk ˜g til ˜g Septelbq˜iou tou mijek˜iou. » (18) «Jat ˜a tg di ˜aqjeia tgr s ˜usjexgr oqisl ˜emoi ap ˜o tour let ˜e- womter, letan ˜u tym opo˜iym jai g Ugine, cmystopo˜igsam tgm pq ˜ohes ˜g tour, g opo˜ia se oqisl ˜emer peqipt ˜yseir sumodeu ˜otam ap ˜o epivuk ˜aneir, ma aqw˜isoum nam ˜a ma evaql ˜ofoum tg l ˜ehodo tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr, wqgsilopoi ˜ymtar cia tom sjop ˜o aut ˜o ˜ema m ˜eo ˜oqio emeqcopo˜igsgr (tgm jat ˜ytatg til ˜g tou mijek˜iou tom l ˜gma Sept ˜elbqio) ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994. » (19) «Jat ˜a tg s ˜usjexg ˜ecimam upokocislo˜i le b ˜asg m ˜eer til ˜er emeq- copo˜igsgr, oi opo˜ier amtistoiwo ˜usam stir til ˜er tym jqal ˜atym tom Sept ˜elbqio/Ojt ˜ybqio tou 1993 (dgkad ˜g le wq ˜gsg tgr b ˜asgr upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr pou e˜iwe uiohetghe˜i pakai ˜oteqa), jah ˜yr jai l˜ia jat ˜a pqos ˜eccisg sumakkaclatij ˜g isotil˜ia cia to sucjejqil ˜emo wqomij ˜o di ˜astgla. » (20) «Stg s ˜usjexg oi let ˜ewomter suf ˜gtgsam ep˜isgr swetij ˜a le tgm gleqolgm˜ia evaqloc ˜gr. G 1g Vebqouaq˜iou ejq˜ihg yr g emyq˜i- teqg evijt ˜g gleqolgm˜ia cia tgm ˜emaqng evaloc ˜gr tgr pqosa ˜u- ngsgr. » (21) «G pkeiom ˜otgta tym paq ˜omtym ˜gtam up ˜eq tgr evaqloc ˜gr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator to sumtol ˜oteqo dumat ˜o. » (22) «G Acerinox ed ˜gkyse ˜oti esj ˜opeue ma lgm evaql ˜osei tgm pqosa ˜ungsg stgm Ispam˜ia, epeid ˜g heyqo ˜use ˜oti j ˜ati t ˜etoio dem epq ˜ojeito ma ˜ewei hetij ˜er sum ˜epeier cia tgm t ˜omysg tgr f ˜gtgsgr jai cia tgm ispamij ˜g biolgwam˜ia, g opo˜ia dieqw ˜otam bahei ˜a jq˜isg. » (23) G em k ˜ocy tgkeoloiotup˜ia bq ˜ehgje sta cqave˜ia tgr Outokumpu jat ˜a tgm epit ˜opia ˜eqeuma tgr 17/10/96. (24) «Stir 20 Dejelbq˜iou 1993, g ASAB ˜ekabe tgkeoloiotup˜ia ej l ˜eqour tou j. Laquay tgr etaiqe˜iar Ugine, g opo˜ia diek ˜albame keptoleq ˜g stoiwe˜ia cia tom upokocisl ˜o tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr ˜opyr tir til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr, tom upokoci- til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator, sl ˜o tgr sumakkaclatij ˜gr isotil˜iar Ecu/USD, tour l ˜gmer amavoq ˜ar (dgkad ˜g L-2 jai L-3) jai tgm tupopoigl ˜emg peqiejti- j ˜otgta tym jqal ˜atym. To ˜eccqavo aut ˜o amtijat ˜optqife tg h ˜esg stgm opo˜ia e˜iwam jatak ˜gnei oi paqacyco˜i let ˜a tg letan ˜u tour amtakkac ˜g ap ˜oxeym. » (25) «Let ˜a tg s ˜usjexg aut ˜g, g Ugine cmystopo˜igse stour leta- sw ˜omter le tgkeoloiotup˜ier tgr 20 ˜gr Dejelbq˜iou 1993 jai tgr 11gr Iamouaq˜iou 1994 tir b ˜aseir jai ta apotek ˜eslata tym upokocisl ˜ym s ˜ulvyma le tg l ˜ehodo pou esj ˜opeue ma evaql ˜o- sei stgm ehmij ˜g cakkij ˜g ˜g tgm euqypaˇij ˜g acoq ˜a se peq˜iptysg lg euhucq ˜allisgr. » (26) «G Outokumpu emgleq ˜yhgje le tgkeoloiotup˜ia stir 20 Dejel- bq˜iou 1993 cia ta sulpeq ˜aslata tgr s ˜usjexgr tgr Ladq˜itgr. » (27) «P ˜amtyr, g ˜ekkeixg ˜alesgr cm ˜ysgr tym keptoleqei ˜ym dem epitq ˜epei ma apojkeishe˜i jatgcoqglatij ˜a to emdew ˜olemo ma e˜iwe pqaclatopoighe˜i amtakkac ˜g pkgqovoqi ˜ym. (. ) O ˜ute e˜imai dumat ˜o ma apojkeishe˜i, le b ˜asg to vaimolemij ˜o peqiew ˜olemo tym swetij ˜ym lgmul ˜atym, ma epgq ˜easam aut ˜a tgm AST jat ˜a tom jahoqisl ˜o tym til ˜ym pou ha wqgsilopoio ˜umtam stg l ˜ehodo. » (28) EE tgr EJAW aqih. 18 tgr 1. 8. 1954, s. 470. (29) EE L 221 tgr 7. 8. 1986, s. 14. (30) Pqos ˜aqtgla 1 tgr d ˜gkysgr tgr Avesta: «Alloy surcharge are likely to be introduced on CR and CPP products from 1 February. The details may not be available until early January 1994 when I will let you know. » («Pqosaun ˜gseir tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator h’ aqw˜isoum piham ˜om ma evaql ˜ofomtai cia ta pqoˇi ˜omta xuwq ˜gr ˜ekasgr jai cia ta pqoˇi ˜omta eke ˜uheqgr svuqgkas˜iar ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou. Oi keptol ˜eqeier emd ˜ewetai ma lgm e˜imai diah ˜esiler pqim ap ˜o tir aqw ˜er Iamouaq˜iou 1994, op ˜ote jai ha sar emgleq ˜ysy swetij ˜a. ») (31) Ap ˜amtgsg tgr ALZ stgm a˜itgsg paqow ˜gr pkgqovoqi ˜ym. (32) D ˜gkysg tgr Avesta: «On 10 January 1994, ASAB produced a full internal surcharge calculation for application in February. This internal calculation used the same trigger values as contained in Mr Laquay’s fax of 20 December 1993. » («Stir 10 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, g ASAB diem ˜gqcgse pk ˜gqg esyteqij ˜o upokocisl ˜o tym pqosaun ˜g- seym pou ha ev ˜aqlofe tom Vebqou ˜aqio. Stom esyteqij ˜o aut ˜o upokocisl ˜o wqgsilopoio ˜umtam oi ˜idier til ˜er emeqcopo˜igsgr pou amacq ˜avomtam jai stgm tgkeoloiotup˜ia tou j. Laquay le gleqo- lgm˜ia 20 Dejelbq˜iou 1993. »). (33) ˜Eccqavo jatasweh ˜em sta cqave˜ia tgr Outokumpu stir 17 Moel- bq˜iou 1996. (34) «Stir 11 Iamouaq˜iou 1994, o j. Laquay tgr etaiqe˜iar Ugine ap ˜esteike tgkeoloiotup˜ia stom j. Ward stgm opo˜ia engco ˜use tom esyteqij ˜o upokocisl ˜o tgr Ugine cia tgm pqosa ˜ungsg tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator pou g em k ˜ocy etaiqe˜ia epq ˜ojeito ma evaq- l ˜osei ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994. » ˜oti (35) «O sougd ˜or amtipq ˜osypor tgr ALZ lou tgkev ˜ymgse s ˜gleqa to pqy˜i cia ma lou pe˜i ˜oti e˜iwe k ˜abei emtok ˜g ap ˜o tg wakubouqc˜ia tou ma aqw˜isei ma evaql ˜ofei pqosaun ˜gseir tgr til ˜gr tym jqal ˜a- ˜gtam apaqa˜itgto ma tou tym ap ˜o tgm 1g Vebqouaq˜iou jai diabib ˜asoule keptoleq ˜g stoiwe˜ia cia to ajqib ˜er ˜uxor tym pqosaun ˜gseym. (. ) G Outokumpu, di ˜a tou j. Olli Salovaara, lou tgkev ˜ymgse ep˜isgr s ˜gleqa jai le q ˜ytgse ti sjope ˜uoule ma pq ˜anoule. Ap ˜amtgsa ˜oti jat ˜a p ˜asa piham ˜otgta ha evaql ˜o- soule tgm pqosa ˜ungsg le tom ˜idiom tq ˜opo tom opo˜iom ˜ewei pqoa- macce˜ikei g Ugine cia tg cakkij ˜g acoq ˜a (. ) T ˜ote eje˜imor e˜ipe ˜oti pqot˜ihemtai ma j ˜amoum to ˜idio t ˜oso stg Sougd˜ia, ˜oso jai stg Vimkamd˜ia, jai le paqaj ˜akese ma epijoimym ˜gsoule laf˜i tou tg Deut ˜eqa. » (36) «G Ugine amajo˜imyse tgm evaqloc ˜g ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994 tym aj ˜okouhym pqosaun ˜gseym: 4,36 kiq ˜ym steqkim ˜ym cia tgm poi ˜otgta 430, 47,55 kiq ˜ym cia tgm poi ˜otgta 304 jai 74,03 kiq ˜ym cia tgm poi ˜otgta 316. G Acerinox am ˜gcceike ˜oti ha evaqlosho ˜um pqosaun ˜gseir ap ˜o 1gr Apqik˜iou 1994 (l ˜akista, ap ˜o tom Apq˜ikio!). Ejtil ˜atai ˜oti g Outokumpu ha euhucqallishe˜i le tgm tajtij ˜g aut ˜g, akk ˜a to ˜uto dem ˜ewei epibebaiyhe˜i pqor to paq ˜om. G Thyssen amal ˜emetai ma pqobe˜i se swetij ˜g amaccek˜ia tgm eqw ˜o- lemg Deut ˜eqa. Se ˜o,ti avoq ˜a tgm Krupp, dem ˜ewoule k ˜abei jal˜ia pkgqovoq˜ia. G Ilva ˜ewei amajoim ˜ysei letabok ˜g tgr basij ˜gr til ˜gr le isw ˜u ap ˜o tom Vebqou ˜aqio, g opo˜ia yst ˜oso dem ha avoq ˜a tour tekijo ˜ur wq ˜gster akk ˜a ˜osour diatgqo ˜um apoh ˜elata tym oije˜iym pqoˇi ˜omtym. G ALZ dem ˜ewei k ˜abei aj ˜olg ap ˜ovasg cia tg st ˜asg pou ha tgq ˜gsei. » (37) ˜Eccqavo jatasweh ˜em sta cqave˜ia tgr Outokumpu. (38) ˜Eccqavo jatasweh ˜em sta cqave˜ia tgr Outokumpu. (39) D ˜gkysg tgr Avesta. 1. 4. 98 ‹ EL ‹ Ep˜isglg Evgleq˜ida tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimot ˜gtym L 100/71 (40) «Stgm ej ˜astote paqacyc ˜o acoq ˜a ha ajokouh ˜gsoule tour jam ˜o- mer pou ˜ewei h ˜esei o ecw ˜yqior paqacyc ˜or, sulpeqikalabamol ˜e- mgr tgr evaqloc ˜gr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr pou aut ˜or ˜ewei enacce˜ikei. Stir acoq ˜er stir opo˜ier dem up ˜aqwei ecw ˜yqior paqacyc ˜or, yr pq ˜otupo ha wqgsile ˜usei g sulpeqivoq ˜a l˜iar ej tym wakubouq- cij ˜ym epiweiq ˜gseym. O Nigel Ward ha dieujqim˜isei poier e˜imai oi acoq ˜er aut ˜er. G pqosa ˜ungsg dem ha evaqloshe˜i ejt ˜or tym 17 euqypaˇij ˜ym acoq ˜ym. Ha wqeiashe˜i ma enasvak˜isoule tir emdedeicl ˜emer aun ˜g- seir tym til ˜ym to sumtol ˜oteqo dumat ˜o. » (41) «Stir ehmij ˜er acoq ˜er stir opo˜ier g ASAB dem ˜gtam o ˜ute o ecw ˜y- qior paqacyc ˜or, o ˜ute, os ˜ajir pq ˜ojeitai cia acoq ˜a wyq˜ir ecw ˜y- qio paqacyc ˜o, o spoudai ˜oteqor pqolgheut ˜gr, g ASAB, jat ˜a jam ˜oma akk ˜a ˜owi se ˜oker tir peqipt ˜yseir, euhucqallif ˜otam le tom ecw ˜yqio paqacyc ˜o ˜g tom spoudai ˜oteqo pqolgheut ˜g, ˜opyr sumghif ˜otam cemij ˜a stom jk ˜ado amone˜idytou w ˜akuba. Ep˜i paqa- de˜iclati, o ceqlam ˜or paqacyc ˜or eheyqe˜ito paqadosiaj ˜a yr o spoudai ˜oteqor pqolgheut ˜gr stgm Austq˜ia, em ˜y to ˜idio ˜iswue cia tgm ALZ stir J ˜aty W ˜yqer· oi sjamdimabo˜i paqacyco˜i heyqo ˜umtam yr oi spoudai ˜oteqoi pqolgheut ˜er stg Dam˜ia jai tg Moqbgc˜ia, em ˜y to ˜idio ˜iswue cia tom bqetam ˜o paqacyc ˜o stgm Iqkamd˜ia. » (42) «Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o, apovas˜istgje se euqypaˇij ˜o ep˜ipedo g epamemeqcopo˜igsg tou sust ˜glator tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr, pqojeil ˜e- mou ma amtiletypishe˜i g a ˜ungsg tou j ˜ostour tym jqal ˜atym ap ˜o tom Sept ˜elbqio tou 1993 jai let ˜a. G pqosa ˜ungsg aut ˜g ha evaqloshe˜i cemij ˜yr ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994. » (43) «Cia tom k ˜oco aut ˜o, dem ˜ewole ˜akkg epikoc ˜g ap ˜o to ma evaql ˜o- foule pqosaun ˜gseir tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator cia ˜oka ta amone˜i- ˜opyr j ˜amoum ˜okoi oi up ˜okoipoi paqa- dyta pkat ˜ea pqoˇi ˜omta, cyco˜i. ˜Opyr jai jat ˜a to paqekh ˜om, ˜otam evaql ˜ostgjam am ˜ako- cer pqosaun ˜gseir, g l ˜ehodor upokocislo ˜u tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr ˜yste ma sumapovas˜istgje le sav ˜gmeia jai ajq˜ibeia, o ˜utyr kalb ˜amomtai up ˜oxg oi letabok ˜er tgr sw ˜esgr letan ˜u tym til ˜ym jai tou j ˜ostour. » (44) Up ˜ohesg 48/69 ICI jat ˜a tgr Epitqop ˜gr tym Euqypaˇij ˜ym Joimo- t ˜gtym, ap ˜ovasg tgr 13gr Iouk˜iou 1972 (Sukkoc ˜g 1972-1973, s. 99). (45) Cm ˜ylg I-61 tgr 13gr Dejelbq˜iou 1961 tou Dijastgq˜iou (Sukkoc ˜g 1954-1964, s. 625). (46) EE C 75 tgr 29. 7. 1968, s. 3. (47) ALZ, Avesta, AST, Krupp, Thyssen. (48) ALZ, AST, Krupp, Thyssen. (49) ALZ, AST, Avesta, Krupp, Thyssen, Usinor Sacilor. (50) AST, Krupp, Thyssen. (51) Ap ˜ovasg 80/257/EJAW tgr Epitqop ˜gr, tgr 8gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1980, peq˜i diadijas˜iar evaqloc ˜gr tou ˜aqhqou 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW ˜osom avoq ˜a to s ˜ustgla dial ˜oqvysgr tym til ˜ym p ˜ykg- sgr stgm apoh ˜gjg tym ek ˜asilym pqoˇi ˜omtym stgm ceqlamij ˜g acoq ˜a (EE L 62 tgr 7. 3. 1980, s. 28, aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 25). (52) Ap ˜ovasg 94/215/EJAW tgr Epitqop ˜gr, tgr 16gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994, swetij ˜a le diadijas˜ia evaqloc ˜gr tou ˜aqhqou 65 tgr sumh ˜gjgr EJAW ˜osom avoq ˜a sulvym˜ier jai emaqlomisl ˜emer pqajtij ˜er pou ev ˜gqlosam euqypa˜ioi paqacyco˜i doj ˜ym w ˜akuba (EE L 116 tgr 6. 5. 1994, s. 1, aitiokocij ˜g sj ˜exg 249). (53) Bk ˜epe tir aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 23, 28 jai 32. (54) Bk ˜epe tir aitiokocij ˜er sj ˜exeir 21, 27, 33 jai 37. (55) EE C 207 tgr 18. 7. 1996, s. 4. (56) «Dem k ˜abale jal˜ia pkgqovoq˜ia. » (57) Amavoq ˜a tgr Krupp. (58) Amavoq ˜a tgr Ugine. (59) «G ALZ dem hul ˜atai ma ˜ewei k ˜abei ej l ˜eqour ˜akkym paqacyc ˜ym amone˜idytou w ˜akuba, letan ˜u tgr 1gr Auco ˜ustou 1993 jai tgr 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994, pkgqovoq˜ier swetij ˜a le tgm tqopopo˜i- gsg tym til ˜ym emeqcopo˜igsgr tgr pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator. (. ) Stg sum ˜eweia, c ˜uqy stir 15 Iamouaq˜iou, g ALZ emgl ˜eqyse tir koip ˜er epiweiq ˜gseir pou dqastgqiopoio ˜umtai stgm oije˜ia acoq ˜a, dgkad ˜g tour pek ˜ater tgr, tour paqacyco ˜ur jai tour amtipqos ˜ypour, ˜oti e˜iwe tgm pq ˜ohesg ma amacce˜ikei tgm evaqloc ˜g pqosa ˜ungsgr tgr til ˜gr tou jq ˜alator ap ˜o 1gr Vebqouaq˜iou 1994. » (60) «G AST dieujqim˜ifei, yst ˜oso, ˜oti e˜iwe ajo ˜usei v ˜gler s ˜ulvyma le tir opo˜ier g Epitqop ˜g e˜iwe ame ˜uqei to peqiew ˜olemo em ˜or eccq ˜avou to opo˜io g AST v ˜eqetai ma ˜ewei em sumewe˜ia diabib ˜a- sei le tg seiq ˜a tgr stgm Outokumpu. »